1.
Name 3 explanations of group aggression?
Correct Answer
C. Power-threat hypothesis, dehumanisation, xenopHobia
Explanation
The correct answer is power-threat hypothesis, dehumanisation, xenophobia. These three explanations of group aggression suggest that aggression can be driven by factors such as perceived threats to power, the process of dehumanising others, and fear or hatred towards outsiders or foreigners. The power-threat hypothesis suggests that aggression may arise when a dominant group perceives a threat to their power or status. Dehumanisation involves viewing others as less than human, which can justify aggression towards them. Xenophobia refers to the fear or dislike of strangers or foreigners, which can lead to aggression against them.
2.
What are the evolutionary explanations of Agg?
Correct Answer
C. Sexual jealousy, infidelity
Explanation
The correct answer is sexual jealousy, infidelity. This suggests that evolutionary explanations for aggression can be attributed to sexual jealousy and the act of infidelity. It implies that aggression may have evolved as a means to protect one's mate from potential rivals or to deter one's partner from engaging in infidelity. This explanation aligns with theories that propose aggression as a mechanism to ensure reproductive success and maintain genetic fitness.
3.
What art the neural explanations of Aggression?
Correct Answer
A. Serotonin, dopamine, testosterone
Explanation
The correct answer suggests that aggression can be explained by the presence and interaction of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and testosterone. Serotonin is involved in regulating mood and impulse control, while dopamine plays a role in reward and motivation. Testosterone is a hormone associated with aggression and dominance. These neural explanations suggest that imbalances or dysregulation in these neurotransmitters can contribute to aggressive behavior.
4.
What are the genetic explanations of Aggression and what types of studies do you need to mention?
Correct Answer
C. Genes MAOA, twin studies, adoption studies
Explanation
The correct answer is "Genes MAOA, twin studies, adoption studies". This answer suggests that the genetic explanation for aggression involves the MAOA gene, which has been linked to aggressive behavior. Twin studies and adoption studies are mentioned as the types of studies that support this genetic explanation. Twin studies involve comparing the behavior of identical twins, who share 100% of their genes, with that of fraternal twins, who share only 50% of their genes. Adoption studies involve comparing the behavior of adopted individuals with that of their biological and adoptive parents, allowing researchers to examine the influence of genetics versus environment on aggression.
5.
The Psychological explanations are ______ and _______. The pneumonics for these explanations are ____ ____ and _____ ____ _____ _____
Correct Answer
SLT
Deindividuation
Bad
Boys
Zebras
make
great
dinner
Explanation
Psychological explanations refer to the theories and concepts that aim to understand human behavior and mental processes. Two psychological explanations mentioned in the question are Social Learning Theory (SLT) and Deindividuation. SLT suggests that people learn and imitate behaviors through observation and modeling. Deindividuation refers to the loss of self-awareness and personal identity in a group, leading to a decrease in inhibitions and an increase in impulsive behavior. The pneumonics provided, "Bad Boys Zebras make great dinner," help to remember these explanations.
6.
Name the 3 explanations of Institutional aggression.
Correct Answer
C. Importations model, deprivation modal, dehumanisation
Explanation
The correct answer is importations model, deprivation model, dehumanisation. The importations model suggests that individuals bring their own characteristics and experiences into the institutional setting, which can contribute to aggression. The deprivation model proposes that aggression arises from the frustration and dissatisfaction individuals experience due to the lack of resources or opportunities in the institution. Dehumanisation refers to the process of viewing others as less than human, which can lead to aggression as individuals may feel justified in mistreating or harming others.
7.
A study investigation the power threat hypothesis looked at lynch mobs in Brazil lynching those who were not a threat, what study was this?
Correct Answer
B. Clark (2006)
Explanation
The study that investigated the power threat hypothesis and examined lynch mobs in Brazil lynching individuals who were not a threat is Clark (2006). This study likely explored the dynamics of power and threat perception within the context of lynch mobs in Brazil, shedding light on the reasons behind such violent actions.
8.
A study into Xenophobia looked at violence between north and south italian football crowds, which study was this?
Correct Answer
B. Pollari and Balestri
9.
When looking at evolutionary explanatations which study found women who suspected their partner as being jelous were twice as likely to experience violence?
Correct Answer
B. Wilson et al
10.
When looking at evolutionary explanations, which study surveyed 461 males and 560 females finding correlations between male retention techniques and violence in a relationship?
Correct Answer
C. Shackleford et al (2005)
Explanation
Shackleford et al (2005) is the correct answer because it is the only option that matches the description given in the question. The study surveyed a specific number of males and females and found correlations between male retention techniques and violence in a relationship. Buss and Shackelford (1997) and Wilson et al are not mentioned in the question and therefore cannot be the correct answer.
11.
On looking at the role of genes in aggression Coccaro (1997) found using 182 MZ twins and 118 DZ twins that aggression could be attributed to 50% of genes.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that the study conducted by Coccaro in 1997, using a sample of 182 MZ (monozygotic) twins and 118 DZ (dizygotic) twins, found that 50% of aggression could be attributed to genes. This suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in determining aggression.
12.
Mcguffin and Gottesman(1985) found mz twins to have a concordance rate if 87% and dz twins to have a concordance rate of what?
Correct Answer
C. 72%
Explanation
Mcguffin and Gottesman (1985) conducted a study on twins to determine the concordance rates for different types of twins. The given question states that mz (monozygotic) twins had a concordance rate of 87%. This means that when one twin had a particular trait or condition, the other twin also had it 87% of the time. Therefore, the dz (dizygotic) twins, who are non-identical twins, would have a different concordance rate. The correct answer of 72% suggests that when one twin had a trait or condition, the other twin had it 72% of the time.
13.
Hutchings and Mednick(1975) looked at the relationship between aggression in adopted children and their biological parents using 14'000 adoptees in denmark. But is it true he found no supporting evidence for the role of genes?
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
False, infact he found a significant number of adoptees with criminal convictions had parents with convictions.
14.
On looking at the role of the gene MAOA, what nationality was the notirous family which Brunner (1993) studies and found a defect on the X chromosone?
Correct Answer
A. Dutch
Explanation
Brunner (1993) studied a notorious family and found a defect on the X chromosome related to the gene MAOA. The nationality of this family was Dutch.
15.
The pneumonic Serotonin Means Bussiness shows the studies supporting serotonin, however what did Scerbo and raine (1993) find?
Correct Answer
D. Low levels especially in those who attempted suicide
Explanation
Scerbo and Raine (1993) found that aggressive children, particularly those who attempted suicide, had low levels of serotonin. This suggests that serotonin deficiency may be associated with aggressive behavior and suicidal tendencies.
16.
The pneumonic Cool Kids Lie indicates the studies Coupiss and Kennedy and Lavinne(1997), but what did Lavinne find?
Correct Answer
B. The use of ampHetamines (increasing dopamine) increased agg beh
Explanation
Lavinne found that the use of amphetamines, which increase dopamine levels, increased aggressive behavior.
17.
High levels of Testosterone have been associated with Aggression. The pneumonic Drugs Are Knowledgable indicated the studies for testosterone, however what did Archer find?
Correct Answer
D. 230 participants - high testosterone - high violence
Explanation
The given answer states that in the study conducted by Archer, out of the 230 participants with high levels of testosterone, all of them exhibited high levels of violence. This suggests that there is a strong association between high testosterone levels and aggression, supporting the claim made in the question.
18.
What 2 studies support the importation model?
Correct Answer
A. Harer and Scheffenmeister and Keller and Wang
Explanation
The importation model is supported by the studies conducted by Harer and Scheffenmeister as well as Keller and Wang. These studies provide evidence that the importation of criminal behaviors and attitudes from outside sources, such as cultural or social influences, can contribute to criminal activity. This supports the idea that individuals may bring their criminal tendencies with them when they migrate or relocate to new areas, rather than solely being influenced by their immediate environment.
19.
When looking at the deprivation model, Hot Men Nightclub represents the studies Hodginkinson, Mckorkle et al and nijman. However Nijman contridicted other findings suggesting what?
Correct Answer
C. More space did not reduce aggression
Explanation
The correct answer is that more space did not reduce aggression. According to the given information, the studies by Hodginkinson, Mckorkle et al and Nijman were part of the deprivation model. While the other findings suggested that more space reduces aggression, Nijman's findings contradicted this notion by suggesting that more space did not reduce aggression.
20.
Which study found that those high in social dominance orientation tend to reject out group memebers and rationalise their aggression seeing others as less than human?
Correct Answer
A. Esses at al
Explanation
The study conducted by Esses et al. found that individuals with high social dominance orientation have a tendency to reject members of out-groups and justify their aggressive behavior by dehumanizing others.
21.
The leading researcher into SLT and aggression was who?
Correct Answer
A. Bandura
Explanation
Albert Bandura is the leading researcher into Social Learning Theory (SLT) and aggression. His famous Bobo doll experiment demonstrated how children learn aggressive behavior through observation and imitation of others. Bandura's research has had a significant impact on our understanding of how social factors influence aggression and has paved the way for further studies in this field.
22.
Which study found that deindividuation can actually lead to hugs and sexual thoughts in the dark?
Correct Answer
C. Gergen at al
Explanation
Gergen et al. conducted a study that found that deindividuation can lead to hugs and sexual thoughts in the dark. This suggests that when individuals feel anonymous and less self-aware, they may engage in behaviors that they would not typically engage in. The study highlights the impact of deindividuation on social behavior and sheds light on the potential consequences of reduced self-awareness in certain situations.