1.
Which states were defined as minority majority in 2000?
Correct Answer(s)
A. California
C. New Mexico
D. Hawaii
Explanation
In 2000, California, New Mexico, and Hawaii were defined as minority majority states. This means that the combined population of minority groups, such as African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans, exceeded the population of the majority group, which in this case is non-Hispanic white. These states had a higher representation and influence of diverse racial and ethnic groups, highlighting the demographic shift and diversity within their populations. Arizona and Texas, although also known for their diverse populations, did not meet the criteria of being minority majority states in 2000.
2.
Home ownership was the highest in 2000. What percentage of Americans were home owners?
Correct Answer
C. 66%
Explanation
In the year 2000, the percentage of Americans who owned homes was 66%. This means that out of the total population, approximately two-thirds of Americans were home owners. This indicates a relatively high level of home ownership during that time period.
3.
Which region of the country has the highest percentage of home ownership?
Correct Answer
A. Midwest
Explanation
The Midwest region of the country has the highest percentage of home ownership. This could be because the Midwest is known for its affordable housing market, with lower median home prices compared to other regions. Additionally, the Midwest is home to many suburban areas and smaller cities, which tend to have higher rates of home ownership compared to urban areas.
4.
Between 1950 and 2000, one-person households changed in the following way:
Correct Answer
D. 10% to 26%
Explanation
The percentage of one-person households increased from 10% to 26% between 1950 and 2000. This means that over the course of 50 years, there was a significant rise in the number of individuals living alone. This could be attributed to various factors such as changing societal norms, increased urbanization, and the desire for independence and privacy. The increase in one-person households suggests a shift in lifestyle preferences and living arrangements during this time period.
5.
What percent of the US population was urban in 1960?
Correct Answer
E. 70%
Explanation
In 1960, 70% of the US population was urban. This means that 70% of the total population lived in cities or urban areas. This indicates a significant level of urbanization in the country during that time period.
6.
Between 1990 and 2000, the US population increased by:
Correct Answer
D. 32 million
Explanation
The US population increased by 32 million between 1990 and 2000.
7.
Which census was the first to reveal a pattern of cities losing ground to suburbs?
Correct Answer
C. 1940
Explanation
The 1940 census was the first to reveal a pattern of cities losing ground to suburbs. This means that for the first time, the data collected in the 1940 census showed a trend of urban areas experiencing a decline in population and influence, while suburban areas were growing in population and importance. This shift in population distribution was significant and had implications for urban planning, transportation, and other aspects of urban development.
8.
Between 1900 and 2000, the percent of US citizens living in urban areas had the following change:
Correct Answer
B. 40% to 75%
Explanation
The correct answer is 40% to 75%. This means that between 1900 and 2000, the percentage of US citizens living in urban areas increased from 40% to 75%. This indicates a significant growth in urbanization over the course of the 20th century, with a larger proportion of the population residing in cities rather than rural areas.
9.
Which census showed a change in the population from rural to urban?
Correct Answer
B. 1920
Explanation
The 1920 census showed a change in the population from rural to urban. This is because during the early 20th century, there was a significant shift in population from rural areas to urban areas, primarily due to industrialization and the growth of cities. The 1920 census would have captured this transition and provided data on the increasing urban population.
10.
The median age in 2000 was
Correct Answer
E. 35.3
Explanation
The correct answer is 35.3. This means that in the year 2000, the median age was 35.3 years. This suggests that the age distribution of the population was such that half of the population was older than 35.3 years and the other half was younger.
11.
Independent Cities are defined by the census as county-sized areas in which of the following states:
Correct Answer(s)
A. Maryland
B. Nevada
D. Virginia
E. Missouri
Explanation
Independent Cities are defined by the census as county-sized areas in Maryland, Nevada, Delaware, Virginia, and Missouri. These cities are not part of any county and are considered separate entities. They have their own local government and are not under the jurisdiction of any county government. This classification allows for more local control and decision-making within these cities.
12.
A small subdivision of a county, designed to have relatively homogeneous demographic characteristics is a
Correct Answer
C. Tract
Explanation
A small subdivision of a county, designed to have relatively homogeneous demographic characteristics is called a "Tract". Tracts are used by the U.S. Census Bureau to divide counties into smaller, more manageable areas for demographic analysis. Tracts are typically defined based on population size and other demographic factors, such as income levels, race, and ethnicity. This allows for more accurate and detailed data collection and analysis within a specific geographic area.
13.
The Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) was adopted in what year?
Correct Answer
C. 1972
Explanation
The correct answer is 1972. The Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) was adopted in 1972. This act was implemented to address the challenges and issues related to the management and protection of coastal areas in the United States. It aimed to promote sustainable development, protect natural resources, and balance the economic and environmental interests in coastal zones. The CZMA provided a framework for states to develop and implement their own coastal management programs, with the goal of ensuring the long-term health and vitality of coastal ecosystems.
14.
The Urban Parks and Rec Recovery Act was adopted in what year?
Correct Answer
D. 1978
Explanation
The correct answer is 1978. The Urban Parks and Rec Recovery Act refers to a specific legislation that was adopted in the year 1978. This act aimed to address the recovery and improvement of urban parks and recreational facilities.
15.
The National Flood Insurance Act was passed in what year?
Correct Answer
B. 1968
Explanation
The correct answer is 1968. The National Flood Insurance Act was passed in 1968. This act was created to address the growing need for flood insurance coverage due to the increasing frequency and severity of floods in the United States. It aimed to provide affordable flood insurance to homeowners, renters, and businesses in flood-prone areas, as well as to encourage the adoption of floodplain management policies to reduce future flood damages.
16.
What year did federal transportation funding mandate set-asides for planning?
Correct Answer
A. 1962
Explanation
In 1962, federal transportation funding mandated set-asides for planning. This means that a portion of the funding was required to be allocated specifically for planning purposes. This was likely done to ensure that proper planning and preparation were undertaken before implementing transportation projects, in order to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of the funding.
17.
In what year did the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) begin?
Correct Answer
B. 1972
Explanation
In 1972, the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) began its operations. This transportation system, serving the San Francisco Bay Area, was established to provide a rapid transit alternative to the increasing traffic congestion in the region. BART has since become an essential mode of transportation for commuters and travelers in the Bay Area, connecting various cities and suburbs with its extensive network of train lines.
18.
What year did CDBG begin?
Correct Answer
C. 1974
Explanation
The correct answer is 1974. The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program began in 1974. This program provides funding to states and local governments to support a wide range of community development activities, such as affordable housing, infrastructure improvements, and economic development projects. It was established as part of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 to address the needs of low-income communities and stimulate economic growth.
19.
What year was the Department of Housing and Urban Development created?
Correct Answer
A. 1965
Explanation
The Department of Housing and Urban Development was created in 1965. This was a significant year for the establishment of various government agencies and policies aimed at addressing urban issues and housing challenges. The creation of the Department of Housing and Urban Development reflected the growing recognition of the need for comprehensive approaches to urban development and housing initiatives in the United States.
20.
Which of the following is not part of the AICP Code of Ethics?
Correct Answer
C. A planner must strive to expand choice and opportunity for all persons, recognizing a special responsibility to plan for the needs of the disadvantaged groups and persons, and must urge the alteration of policies, institutions and decisions which oppose such needs.
Explanation
The given answer is not part of the AICP Code of Ethics because it is actually one of the principles included in the code. The AICP Code of Ethics emphasizes the planner's responsibility to promote equality and advocate for the needs of disadvantaged groups. This includes striving to expand choice and opportunity for all individuals and urging changes to policies and decisions that hinder these needs.
21.
What year was the Americans with Disabilities Act passed?
Correct Answer
A. 1990
Explanation
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed in 1990. This landmark legislation aims to protect the rights of individuals with disabilities by prohibiting discrimination and ensuring equal opportunities in various areas, including employment, public accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications. The ADA has had a significant impact on improving accessibility and inclusivity for people with disabilities in the United States.
22.
What year were Empowerment Zones/Enterprise zones created?
Correct Answer
C. 1994
Explanation
Empowerment Zones/Enterprise zones were created in the year 1994. This initiative was introduced to stimulate economic growth and development in distressed urban and rural communities. The zones provided tax incentives and other benefits to attract businesses and investments, with the aim of revitalizing these areas and creating job opportunities.
23.
What year was the Telecommunications Act passed?
Correct Answer
D. 1996
Explanation
The correct answer is 1996. The Telecommunications Act was passed in 1996. This act was a major overhaul of the United States' telecommunications policy. It aimed to promote competition and deregulation in the telecommunications industry, and it also addressed issues such as media ownership and internet access. The passing of this act had a significant impact on the telecommunications industry and shaped the landscape of communication in the United States.
24.
Which of the following would be included as an element of a comprehensive plan?
Correct Answer(s)
A. Land Use Plan
B. DemograpHics
C. Historic Preservation
D. Implementation Schedule
Explanation
A comprehensive plan typically includes various elements that help guide the development and growth of a community or organization. These elements often include a land use plan, which outlines how different areas of land will be utilized and developed. Demographics, on the other hand, provide important information about the population, such as age, income, and ethnicity, which helps in understanding the needs and preferences of the community. Historic preservation is also an important element as it aims to protect and preserve buildings, sites, and landmarks of historical significance. Lastly, an implementation schedule outlines the timeline and steps needed to carry out the plan effectively.
25.
What movement is Washington, D.C. an example of?
Correct Answer
B. City Beautiful
Explanation
Washington, D.C. is an example of the City Beautiful movement. This movement, popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, aimed to create aesthetically pleasing cities with grand boulevards, monumental buildings, and expansive parks and gardens. Washington, D.C. was designed by Pierre Charles L'Enfant and later expanded by Frederick Law Olmsted, both influential figures in the City Beautiful movement. The city's layout, with its wide avenues, iconic landmarks like the National Mall and Capitol Building, and carefully planned green spaces, exemplifies the principles of the City Beautiful movement.
26.
What concept is Ebenezer Howard associated with?
Correct Answer
D. Garden City
Explanation
Ebenezer Howard is associated with the concept of Garden City. He developed the idea of creating planned communities that would combine the benefits of both urban and rural living. The Garden City concept aimed to provide residents with access to nature, green spaces, and fresh air while also offering the convenience and amenities of a city. Howard's vision included carefully designed layouts, self-contained communities, and a balance between housing, industry, and agriculture. The Garden City concept has had a significant influence on urban planning and continues to inspire sustainable and livable city designs today.
27.
What concept did Penn Central Transportation v The City of New York first introduce?
Correct Answer
C. TDR
Explanation
Penn Central Transportation v The City of New York first introduced the concept of Transfer of Development Rights (TDR). In this landmark case, the court ruled that the city's restriction on the development of the Grand Central Terminal violated Penn Central's property rights. The court recognized the TDR program as a means for the city to preserve historic landmarks while allowing property owners to transfer their development rights to other areas. TDR allows property owners to sell their unused development rights to developers who can then use them to increase the density or height of their projects in designated areas.
28.
What did Randall Arendt write?
Correct Answer
C. Rural By Design
Explanation
Randall Arendt wrote "Rural By Design."
29.
What of the following are sources of point-source pollution?
Correct Answer(s)
B. Chemical Factory
C. Sewer Pipe
Explanation
Chemical factories and sewer pipes are both examples of point-source pollution because they release pollutants directly into the environment from a specific location. In the case of chemical factories, they often release harmful chemicals and pollutants into the air, water, or soil through their manufacturing processes. Sewer pipes, on the other hand, carry wastewater and sewage directly into rivers, lakes, or oceans, contaminating the surrounding water bodies. Both of these sources have a specific point of origin, making them point-source pollution. Farms and wetlands, on the other hand, may contribute to non-point source pollution, where pollutants are carried by runoff from a larger area.
30.
Which of the following is Peter Drucker associated with?
Correct Answer
C. MBO
Explanation
Peter Drucker is associated with MBO, which stands for Management by Objectives. MBO is a management approach that focuses on setting specific goals and objectives for employees and then monitoring their performance based on those objectives. Drucker was a renowned management consultant and author who popularized the concept of MBO in his book "The Practice of Management" in 1954. He believed that MBO could improve employee motivation, productivity, and overall organizational performance.
31.
As Planning Director for the City of Cleveland, Krumholz was associated with...
Correct Answer
B. Equity Planning
Explanation
As the Planning Director for the City of Cleveland, Krumholz pioneered equity planning, ensuring fair distribution of urban development benefits. He earned the title "father of equity planning" by initiating the 1975 Policy Program Report, addressing complex social and economic issues in cities, emphasizing equitable outcomes for all residents.
32.
Transportation Demand Management strategies include all but?
Correct Answer
B. Expanding the number of lanes on a highway
Explanation
Transportation Demand Management (TDM) strategies aim to reduce the demand for single-occupancy vehicles and promote alternative modes of transportation. Car pools, bicycle racks on buses, and guaranteed ride home programs are all examples of TDM strategies that encourage carpooling, cycling, and providing a safety net for commuters who use alternative modes of transportation. On the other hand, expanding the number of lanes on a highway does not fall under TDM strategies as it focuses on accommodating more vehicles rather than reducing their usage.
33.
The Burnham Plan for Chicago was released in what year?
Correct Answer
C. 1909
Explanation
The Burnham Plan for Chicago was released in 1909. This plan, also known as the Plan of Chicago, was a comprehensive urban plan for the city of Chicago, Illinois. It was created by architects Daniel Burnham and Edward H. Bennett, with the goal of improving the city's infrastructure, transportation, and public spaces. The plan proposed the creation of a network of parks, the improvement of the lakefront, the development of a system of boulevards, and the construction of iconic buildings and monuments. The Burnham Plan had a significant impact on the development and growth of Chicago in the following years.
34.
What organization did Peter Calthorpe found?
Correct Answer
C. Congress for New Urbanism
Explanation
Peter Calthorpe founded the Congress for New Urbanism. The Congress for New Urbanism is an organization that promotes the development of walkable, mixed-use neighborhoods and sustainable communities. Calthorpe is a renowned urban planner and architect who has been influential in shaping urban design and advocating for sustainable development practices. The Congress for New Urbanism, under Calthorpe's leadership, has played a significant role in promoting and implementing these principles in urban planning and design.
35.
Who was the father of regional planning?
Correct Answer
D. Patrick Geddes
Explanation
Patrick Geddes is considered the father of regional planning because he was one of the first to advocate for a holistic approach to urban planning that takes into account the social, economic, and environmental aspects of a region. Geddes believed in the importance of understanding the unique characteristics and needs of a place before designing any development or infrastructure. He emphasized the integration of nature and culture, and his ideas greatly influenced the field of urban planning, making him a key figure in the history of regional planning.
36.
Who was the father of zoning?
Correct Answer
C. Edward Bassett
Explanation
Edward Bassett is considered the father of zoning because he played a significant role in the development and implementation of the first comprehensive zoning ordinance in New York City in 1916. Bassett was a lawyer and city planner who recognized the need for regulating land use to promote public health, safety, and welfare. His work laid the foundation for modern zoning practices and influenced zoning laws in other cities across the United States.
37.
Who was the father of city planning?
Correct Answer
B. Daniel Burnham
Explanation
Daniel Burnham is considered the father of city planning because of his influential work in urban planning and architecture during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was a prominent American architect and urban designer who played a key role in the development of several major cities, including Chicago and Washington, D.C. Burnham's most notable project was the Plan of Chicago, which laid out a comprehensive vision for the city's growth and development. His ideas and principles continue to influence urban planning practices to this day.
38.
Who was the father of modern ecology?
Correct Answer
C. McHarg
Explanation
Ian McHarg is considered the father of modern ecology. He was a Scottish landscape architect and writer who revolutionized the field of ecological planning and design. McHarg's book "Design with Nature" published in 1969, introduced the concept of using ecological principles to guide land use planning and design. He emphasized the importance of understanding and preserving natural systems in order to create sustainable and harmonious environments. McHarg's work had a profound influence on the development of ecological thinking and practices in the field of landscape architecture and ecology.
39.
Who is the father of the modern housing code?
Correct Answer
A. Lawrence Veiller
Explanation
Lawrence Veiller is considered the father of the modern housing code because of his significant contributions to housing reform in the early 20th century. He was a social reformer and advocate for better living conditions for the poor. Veiller played a crucial role in the development and implementation of the New York Tenement House Act of 1901, which established minimum standards for housing conditions. His work laid the foundation for future housing codes and regulations, making him a key figure in the history of housing reform.
40.
Who was the father of advocacy planning?
Correct Answer
C. Davidoff
Explanation
Davidoff is considered the father of advocacy planning because he introduced the concept and approach of advocacy planning in the field of urban planning. He emphasized the importance of involving communities and stakeholders in the planning process, and advocated for planners to actively advocate for the needs and interests of marginalized groups. Davidoff's ideas and contributions have had a significant influence on the development of advocacy planning as a planning approach.
41.
Who was known for satisficing?
Correct Answer
D. Simon
Explanation
Simon was known for satisficing. Satisficing is a decision-making strategy where individuals choose the first option that meets their minimum requirements, rather than seeking the optimal solution. Simon's work on bounded rationality and decision-making processes highlighted the importance of satisficing in human decision-making.
42.
What was Saul Alinsky known for?
Correct Answer
C. Community Organization
Explanation
Saul Alinsky was known for his work in community organization. He was a prominent American community organizer and writer who developed strategies for empowering marginalized communities to advocate for their rights and bring about social change. Alinsky emphasized the importance of building strong grassroots organizations and mobilizing people to address social and economic inequalities. His book, "Rules for Radicals," remains a significant resource for community organizers and activists today.
43.
What was Lindblom known for?
Correct Answer
D. Incrementalism
Explanation
Lindblom was known for his theory of incrementalism. Incrementalism suggests that decision-making and policy-making should be done in small, gradual steps rather than through radical or drastic changes. It emphasizes the importance of considering existing policies and making small adjustments based on feedback and evaluation. This approach allows for flexibility and adaptability in decision-making processes, as well as the ability to learn from experience and make improvements over time.
44.
Who is associated with Transit Oriented Development?
Correct Answer
C. Calthorpe
Explanation
Calthorpe is associated with Transit Oriented Development. This approach focuses on creating compact, walkable, and mixed-use communities around public transportation hubs. It aims to reduce dependence on cars and promote sustainable transportation options. Calthorpe, an urban planner and architect, is known for his work in advocating for and implementing Transit Oriented Development principles in urban planning projects.
45.
In 1990, what percentage of the US population was classified as urban?
Correct Answer
B. 75%
Explanation
In 1990, 75% of the US population was classified as urban. This means that three-quarters of the population lived in urban areas, such as cities or towns, rather than in rural areas. Urban areas are typically characterized by higher population density, infrastructure, and economic opportunities. This statistic highlights the trend of increasing urbanization in the United States during that time period.
46.
In 2000, what percentage of the US population was considered urban?
Correct Answer
C. 81%
Explanation
In 2000, 81% of the US population was considered urban. This means that the majority of the population lived in urban areas rather than rural areas. Urban areas are typically characterized by higher population densities, more developed infrastructure, and a greater concentration of economic and social activities. This high percentage suggests that urbanization was a significant trend in the United States during that time period.
47.
Cohort survival is the method of choice among demographers for studying population change?
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Cohort survival is a widely preferred method among demographers for studying population change because it allows for the analysis of specific groups of individuals over time. By tracking the survival and characteristics of a cohort (a group of individuals born during the same time period), demographers can gain insights into factors such as mortality rates, fertility patterns, and migration trends. This approach provides a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of population dynamics compared to other methods, making it the method of choice for studying population change.
48.
The 1950 US Census was the first to reveal a pattern of cities losing ground to suburbs.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
1940
49.
This Census was the first to show the urbanized population greater than the rural population.
Correct Answer
D. 1920
Explanation
The 1920 Census was the first to reveal that the number of people living in urban areas surpassed the number of people living in rural areas. This shift in population distribution indicated a significant change in the country's demographics and the growing urbanization trend.
50.
What US Metro area had the largest population change between 1980 and 1990?
Correct Answer
C. pHoenix
Explanation
Phoenix had the largest population change between 1980 and 1990. This means that the population of Phoenix increased the most during this time period compared to the other US metro areas listed.