American History Chapter 1 Quiz #2

Before 1492, Native American societies in what is now the United States met their food needs through a variety of means. They gathered foods from the land, fished in rivers and lakes, practiced farming to cultivate crops, and hunted animals for meat. Each of these methods played a crucial role in sustaining their communities and providing a diverse range of food sources.

Jamestown is the correct answer because it was the first permanent English settlement in the New World. It was established in 1607 in present-day Virginia. The settlement was named after King James I of England and was founded by the Virginia Company of London. Jamestown played a significant role in the colonization of North America and the establishment of English presence in the New World.

The correct answer is Martin Luther. The religious dissatisfactions that led to the English Separatists migrating to the New World can be linked back to the protests initiated by Martin Luther in 1517. Luther's actions sparked the Protestant Reformation and challenged the authority of the Catholic Church, which eventually led to the formation of various Protestant denominations. The English Separatists, also known as the Pilgrims, were one such group who sought religious freedom and decided to settle in the New World to escape persecution.

During the period between 1500 and 1550, the exploration of the New World was dominated by the Spanish. This can be attributed to several factors, including their early voyages of Christopher Columbus and subsequent expeditions by other Spanish explorers such as Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro. The Spanish Crown supported these explorations financially and provided resources for colonization, leading to the establishment of Spanish colonies and the exploitation of resources in the Americas. The Spanish also played a significant role in spreading Christianity to the indigenous populations of the New World.

Henry VIII started the English Reformation because he required a divorce in order to remarry. Henry's desire to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, who had not produced a male heir, led him to break away from the Catholic Church and establish the Church of England. By divorcing Catherine and marrying Anne Boleyn, Henry hoped to secure a male heir to the throne. This personal motive ultimately sparked a larger religious and political movement that transformed English Christianity.

Historians often disagree on various topics, including the size of the American population before European settlement, the possibility of achieving objectivity in research, the debate between "sticking to the facts" and historical revision, and whether truth can be truly achieved in the study of history. These disagreements highlight the complex nature of historical interpretation and the subjective nature of historical analysis.

The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs was, in part, due to the diseases the Spaniards had given the Indians. This is because the indigenous population had no immunity to the diseases brought by the Europeans, such as smallpox, measles, and influenza. These diseases spread rapidly among the Aztecs, causing a devastating loss of life and weakening their resistance against the Spanish invaders. This allowed the Spaniards to gain a significant advantage and ultimately conquer the Aztec empire.

The peoples of the present United States had less elaborate political systems than the peoples in Central and South America had. This means that the political structures and systems in place in the United States were not as complex or advanced as those in Central and South America.

The correct answer is the failure to establish successful permanent settlements. The statement mentions "the first few British expeditions to North America," implying that these expeditions were not successful in establishing permanent settlements. The other options are not supported by the given information and are therefore incorrect.

Portugal was the first European country to launch long ocean voyages of exploration. During the 15th and 16th centuries, Portuguese explorers like Vasco da Gama and Ferdinand Magellan embarked on groundbreaking expeditions that opened up new trade routes and expanded European influence around the world. This period of exploration, known as the Age of Discovery, was marked by Portugal's advancements in navigation and shipbuilding, which allowed them to venture into uncharted territories. Their discoveries and colonization efforts laid the foundation for the global maritime empires that would follow.

During the period between 1500 and 1600, the Spanish traveled to the Americas for various reasons. They aimed to get rich by finding gold and silver, replace Portugal as the leading seafaring nation, spread the Christian religion, and create a profitable agricultural economy. However, destroying large English colonies in South America was not one of their motives. They primarily focused on establishing their own colonies and expanding their influence in the region, rather than targeting English settlements.

Henry Hudson is the correct answer because he was an English explorer who made several voyages to North America in the early 17th century. He explored areas such as the Hudson River and Hudson Bay, which were claimed by the Dutch. Hudson's explorations and his establishment of trade relationships with Native American tribes helped the Dutch establish their claims in North America.

Virginia Dare is the correct answer because she was the first American-born child of English settlers. She was born on August 18, 1587, in what is now known as Roanoke Island, North Carolina. Virginia Dare's birth represents an important historical event as it marked the beginning of English colonization in America.

The correct answer is "wished to purify Anglican forms of worship." This answer is supported by historical evidence that English Puritans were a group of religious dissenters who sought to reform and purify the Church of England. They believed that the Anglican Church still retained too many Catholic rituals and practices, and they wanted to eliminate these in order to create a more pure and simplified form of worship. Their desire for purification was one of the key motivations behind their dissent from the Church of England.

Before the arrival of Columbus, Native American tribes assigned women the task of caring for children. This means that women were responsible for taking care of the children in the tribe, ensuring their well-being and upbringing. This task was given to women in these tribes, highlighting their important role in the community and their contribution to the overall functioning of the tribe.

Henry Dobyns believed that there were 10 to 12 million natives living in North America before the arrival of Columbus.

The French colonists in North America did not experience rapid growth in their numbers due to their success in building industries. The other statements are true: they included Jesuit missionaries who established contacts far into the wilderness, they depended on fur traders who dealt with the Indians of the interior, they developed seignuries along the St. Lawrence River, and they made enemies of one of the most powerful Indian tribes.

According to the principles of mercantilism, a successful nation should export its own goods in exchange for gold and silver. This is because mercantilism emphasizes the accumulation of wealth, particularly precious metals, as a measure of a nation's economic success. By exporting goods and receiving gold and silver in return, a nation can increase its wealth and power. This approach prioritizes the nation's economic interests and aims to maintain a favorable balance of trade.

English colonists in Ireland had a history of conflict with the native population, which influenced their beliefs and actions in other colonies. Based on their experiences, they came to believe that it was necessary to establish an English society separate from the native population. This belief stemmed from a desire to avoid conflicts and maintain control over the colonies. By creating a separate society, the colonists could maintain their own culture, laws, and social structures, while minimizing interactions and potential conflicts with the native population.

The correct answer is "a common language." Before the arrival of Europeans, the indigenous peoples in what is now the United States did not have a common language. They had diverse languages and dialects, with over 500 different languages spoken across the continent. This linguistic diversity reflected the cultural and tribal diversity of the indigenous peoples, as they had distinct societies and did not have a unified language system.

The correct answer is "have generally increased the estimates of the native population." This is because over the past century, historians have revised their estimates of the population of Indians in North America before Columbus and have generally increased the estimates. This suggests that earlier estimates were lower and did not accurately reflect the true population size.

During the Spanish colonial period, missionaries played a crucial role in spreading Christianity to the indigenous populations of the New World. They established missions, converted natives, and built churches. While there were challenges and setbacks, overall, missionaries were considered successful in their efforts to convert the indigenous people to Christianity. Therefore, the statement that "missionaries were among the least successful Spanish colonial adventurers" is incorrect.

The given answer states that before Europeans settled in the New World, western and southern Africans did not have the extreme degree of sexual inequality found in most European countries. This suggests that African societies had a more balanced or equal treatment of genders compared to European societies, where there was a significant degree of inequality between men and women.