A Quiz About Anatomy
- 1.
The optic nerve is made up of the
- A.
Axons of the rods and cones
- B.
Axons of the bipolar cells
- C.
Axons of the ganglion cells
- D.
Dendrites of the bipolar cells
- E.
Dendrites of the ganglion cells
Correct Answer
C. Axons of the ganglion cellsExplanation
The optic nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain. It is made up of the axons of the ganglion cells, which are the final output neurons in the retina. These ganglion cells receive input from the bipolar cells, which in turn receive input from the rods and cones. Therefore, the axons of the ganglion cells are the correct answer as they form the optic nerve and carry visual information to the brain.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The parasympathetic fibres from the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate
- A.
The lacrimal gland
- B.
The iris
- C.
The parotid gland
- D.
The submandibular gland
- E.
The ciliary muscles
Correct Answer
A. The lacrimal glandExplanation
The correct answer is the lacrimal gland. The parasympathetic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate the lacrimal gland, which is responsible for producing tears. These fibers stimulate the gland to produce tears, helping to keep the eyes lubricated and protected.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The basilar artery terminates by dividing into which arteries
- A.
Posterior cerebral
- B.
Middle cerebral
- C.
Anterior inferior cerebral
- D.
Posterior communicating
- E.
Pontine
Correct Answer
A. Posterior cerebralExplanation
The basilar artery terminates by dividing into the posterior cerebral arteries.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following arteries does not participate in the formation of the circulus arteriosus cerebri (Circle of Willis)?
- A.
Posterior communicating arteries
- B.
Anterior communicating arteries
- C.
Posterior cerebral arteries
- D.
Internal carotid arteries
- E.
Vertebral arteries
Correct Answer
E. Vertebral arteriesExplanation
The vertebral arteries do not participate in the formation of the Circle of Willis. The Circle of Willis is a ring-like structure located at the base of the brain that connects the major arteries supplying blood to the brain. It consists of the anterior communicating arteries, posterior communicating arteries, posterior cerebral arteries, and internal carotid arteries. The vertebral arteries, on the other hand, supply blood to the posterior part of the brain and do not directly contribute to the formation of the Circle of Willis.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The Chorda tympani nerve:
- A.
Is part of the nerve of the pterygoid canal
- B.
Contains postganglionic parasympathetic fibres for the parotid gland
- C.
Contains sensory fibres from the tympanic membrane
- D.
Joins the auriculotemporal nerve
- E.
Carries parasympathetic fibres to the submandibular ganglion
Correct Answer
E. Carries parasympathetic fibres to the submandibular ganglionExplanation
The Chorda tympani nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular ganglion. This means that it is responsible for transmitting signals from the brain to the submandibular ganglion, which is a collection of nerve cell bodies that control the function of the submandibular salivary gland. These parasympathetic fibers help stimulate the production and secretion of saliva in the submandibular gland.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The tickling sensation felt in the nasal cavity, just prior to a sneeze is probably carried in which of the following nerves?
- A.
Facial
- B.
Maxillary division of trigeminal
- C.
Mandibular division if the trigeminal
- D.
Glossopharyngeal
- E.
Vagus
Correct Answer
B. Maxillary division of trigeminalExplanation
The tickling sensation felt in the nasal cavity is likely carried by the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensory information from the face, including the nasal cavity. The maxillary division specifically innervates the upper part of the face, including the nasal cavity. Therefore, it is the most likely nerve responsible for carrying the tickling sensation before a sneeze.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The following statements concerning the maxillary nerve is correct except it is
- A.
Wholly sensory
- B.
Often referred to as CN V 2
- C.
The inferior division of the trigeminal nerve
- D.
Sensory to the part of the face
- E.
Continued as the infraorbital nerve through infraorbital canal of the face
Correct Answer
C. The inferior division of the trigeminal nerveExplanation
The correct answer is "The inferior division of the trigeminal nerve." The maxillary nerve is not the inferior division of the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve has three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular. The maxillary nerve is the second division and is sensory in nature. It is responsible for providing sensory innervation to parts of the face, and it continues as the infraorbital nerve through the infraorbital canal. It is often referred to as CN V2.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The 4th cranial nerve innervates:
- A.
The lacrimal caruncle
- B.
A muscle that turns the eyeball superiorly and laterally
- C.
The lacrimal gland
- D.
The medial part of the lower eyelid
- E.
A muscle that turns the eyeball inferiorly and laterally
Correct Answer
E. A muscle that turns the eyeball inferiorly and laterallyExplanation
The 4th cranial nerve, also known as the trochlear nerve, innervates a muscle that turns the eyeball inferiorly and laterally. This muscle is called the superior oblique muscle. When this muscle contracts, it causes the eyeball to move downward and outward. The other options listed do not correspond to the innervation of the 4th cranial nerve.Rate this question:
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- 9.
A structure that can easily be injured during ligation of the superior thyroid artery is the:
- A.
Inferior laryngeal branch of the reccurent laryngeal nerve
- B.
Ascending pharyngeal artery
- C.
Superior parathyroid gland
- D.
Transverse colli nerve
- E.
External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
Correct Answer
E. External branch of the superior laryngeal nerveExplanation
During ligation of the superior thyroid artery, the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve can easily be injured. This nerve provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle, which is responsible for controlling the tension of the vocal cords. Injury to this nerve can result in hoarseness or loss of voice. The other options listed are not typically at risk of injury during ligation of the superior thyroid artery.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Firstorder sensory neurons of the cochlear branch of vestibulocochlear nerve terminate in the
- A.
Thalamus
- B.
Occipital lobe
- C.
Basilar membrane
- D.
Medulla oblongata
- E.
Tectal lamina
Correct Answer
D. Medulla oblongataExplanation
The correct answer is Medulla oblongata. The first-order sensory neurons of the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve terminate in the medulla oblongata. This is where the auditory information from the cochlea is relayed and processed before being sent to higher auditory centers in the brain. The medulla oblongata is an important part of the brainstem that controls various vital functions, including auditory processing.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The highest center of autonomic nervous system coordination is the:
- A.
Thalamus
- B.
Pons and medulla oblongata
- C.
Cerebellum
- D.
Hypothalamus and limbic brain
- E.
Midbrain
Correct Answer
D. Hypothalamus and limbic brainExplanation
The hypothalamus and limbic brain are considered the highest centers of autonomic nervous system coordination. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating various autonomic functions such as body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep. It also controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, which further influences the autonomic nervous system. The limbic brain, which includes structures like the amygdala and hippocampus, is involved in emotional and behavioral responses, which can also impact autonomic functions. Together, these regions play a key role in coordinating and regulating the autonomic nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The motor innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue is supplied by which nerve?
- A.
Trigeminal
- B.
Facial
- C.
Glossopharyngeal
- D.
Vagus
- E.
Hypoglossal
Correct Answer
E. HypoglossalExplanation
The hypoglossal nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue. This nerve controls the movement and coordination of the tongue during speech, swallowing, and other oral functions. The other nerves listed, such as the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves, have different functions and do not specifically innervate the intrinsic muscles of the tongue.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following venous sinuses of the dura mater drains the cavernous sinuses directly into the internal jugular vein:
- A.
Sigmoid sinus
- B.
Straight sinus
- C.
Occipital sinus
- D.
Inferior petrosal sinus
- E.
Inferior sagittal sinus
Correct Answer
D. Inferior petrosal sinusExplanation
The inferior petrosal sinus is the correct answer because it directly drains the cavernous sinuses into the internal jugular vein. The sigmoid sinus drains into the internal jugular vein but does not directly drain the cavernous sinuses. The straight sinus drains into the confluence of sinuses and does not directly drain the cavernous sinuses. The occipital sinus drains into the confluence of sinuses and does not directly drain the cavernous sinuses. The inferior sagittal sinus drains into the straight sinus and does not directly drain the cavernous sinuses.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Correct answer about the processes of the eyeball ciliary body ring:
- A.
Changes geometric shape of the lens
- B.
Changes diameter of the pupil
- C.
Produces humor aquosus of the eyeball
- D.
Secures the arterial blood flow of the iris
- E.
They forms dorsal wall of the camera bulbi posterior
Correct Answer
A. Changes geometric shape of the lensExplanation
The ciliary body ring is responsible for changing the geometric shape of the lens in the eyeball. This is important for the process of accommodation, which allows the eye to focus on objects at different distances. By changing the shape of the lens, the ciliary body ring helps to adjust the focal length of the eye, allowing for clear vision at different distances.Rate this question:
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- 15.
In what strctures of the vestibular complex are receptors for the sensations of gravity and linear acceleration located?
- A.
Saccule and ampulla
- B.
Utricle and semicircular canals
- C.
Semicircular canals and ampulla
- D.
Saccule and utricle
- E.
Saccule and semicircular canals
Correct Answer
D. Saccule and utricleExplanation
The receptors for the sensations of gravity and linear acceleration are located in the saccule and utricle. These structures are part of the vestibular complex, which is responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation. The saccule and utricle contain hair cells that are sensitive to changes in head position and movement, allowing us to perceive the force of gravity and changes in linear acceleration. The semicircular canals and ampulla, on the other hand, are involved in detecting rotational movements.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Neuroglia in the CNS that produce the myelin sheath are the:
- A.
Astrocytes
- B.
Oligodendrocytes
- C.
Microglia
- D.
Ependymal cells
- E.
Schwann cells
Correct Answer
B. OligodendrocytesExplanation
Oligodendrocytes are responsible for producing the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS). The myelin sheath is a protective covering that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers, allowing for faster and more efficient transmission of electrical impulses. Astrocytes are a type of neuroglia that provide support and nourishment to neurons, while microglia are involved in immune defense in the CNS. Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and spinal cord, producing cerebrospinal fluid. Schwann cells, on the other hand, produce the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).Rate this question:
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- 17.
Postganglionic parasympathetic fibres are distributed throughout the head in all of the following nerves except:
- A.
Tympanic branch of the IX n.
- B.
Zygomatic branch of the V2 n.
- C.
Lacrimal branch of the V1 n.
- D.
Auriculotemporal branch of the V3 n.
- E.
Greater palatine nerve
Correct Answer
A. Tympanic branch of the IX n.Explanation
The correct answer is Tympanic branch of the IX n. The tympanic branch of the IX n. is not responsible for distributing postganglionic parasympathetic fibers throughout the head. The other options listed are all branches of different cranial nerves (V2, V1, V3) that do distribute these fibers to various regions of the head. The greater palatine nerve also plays a role in distributing these fibers.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Structures going through foramina:
- A.
The accessory nerve runs through the supraorbital fissure
- B.
The deep petrosal nerve runs through the foramen spinosum
- C.
The oculomotor nerve runs through the infraorbital fissure
- D.
The ophthalmic artery runs through the optic canal
- E.
The second division of the trigeminal nerve runs through the foramen ovale
Correct Answer
D. The opHthalmic artery runs through the optic canalExplanation
The ophthalmic artery runs through the optic canal. This is because the optic canal is a small opening in the sphenoid bone that allows the optic nerve to pass through from the eye to the brain. The ophthalmic artery, which supplies blood to the structures of the eye, also passes through this canal.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The facial artery gives rise to branches that supply each of the regions listed below EXCEPT for the:
- A.
Medial angle of the orbit
- B.
Submandibular gland
- C.
Region of the eyebrow
- D.
Upper lip
- E.
Lower lip
Correct Answer
C. Region of the eyebrowExplanation
The facial artery is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the face. It gives rise to several branches that supply different regions of the face. The medial angle of the orbit, submandibular gland, upper lip, and lower lip are all supplied by branches of the facial artery. However, the region of the eyebrow is not directly supplied by the facial artery. Instead, it receives blood supply from branches of the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries, which are branches of the ophthalmic artery.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The facial nerve:
- A.
Contains only motor nerve fibres
- B.
Is important for mastication
- C.
Divides into five branches after emerging from the parotid gland
- D.
Is important for normal blinking reflexes
- E.
Innervates the orbicularis oculi via its buccal branch
Correct Answer
C. Divides into five branches after emerging from the parotid glandExplanation
The facial nerve is a mixed nerve that contains both motor and sensory fibers. It is responsible for innervating the muscles of facial expression, including the orbicularis oculi which controls blinking reflexes. After emerging from the parotid gland, the facial nerve divides into five branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical. These branches supply motor innervation to different regions of the face, allowing for various facial expressions and movements. Therefore, the correct answer is that the facial nerve divides into five branches after emerging from the parotid gland.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The vascular tunic includes:
- A.
Sclera, cornea, limbus
- B.
Iris, ciliary body, choroid
- C.
Vitreous body, lens, retina
- D.
Macula, fovea, optic disc
- E.
Cornea, iris, lens
Correct Answer
B. Iris, ciliary body, choroidExplanation
The vascular tunic, also known as the uvea, is the middle layer of the eye. It includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil. The ciliary body is responsible for producing the aqueous humor and controlling the shape of the lens. The choroid is a layer of blood vessels that provides oxygen and nutrients to the retina.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The hypothalamus:
- A.
Forms part of the midbrain
- B.
Forms part of the roof of the third ventricle
- C.
Is responsible for temperature regulation
- D.
Contains the red nucleus
- E.
Has nerve connections with the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Correct Answer
C. Is responsible for temperature regulationExplanation
The hypothalamus is responsible for temperature regulation. It acts as the body's thermostat, helping to maintain a stable internal temperature. It does this by receiving information about the body's temperature from sensors throughout the body and then initiating responses to either cool down or warm up the body as needed. The hypothalamus also plays a role in other important functions such as hunger, thirst, and sleep. It is located at the base of the brain and forms part of the roof of the third ventricle. It has nerve connections with the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, which allows it to control the release of hormones that regulate various bodily functions. It does not contain the red nucleus, which is located in the midbrain.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Destruction of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion would affect all of the following except:
- A.
Vasculature of the face
- B.
Sweat glands in the skin over the anterior aspect of the neck
- C.
The dilator muscle of the iris
- D.
Contraction of the thoracic diaphragm
- E.
Sweat glands in the skin over the face
Correct Answer
D. Contraction of the thoracic diapHragmExplanation
The superior cervical sympathetic ganglion is responsible for regulating various functions in the head and neck region. It innervates the blood vessels of the face, the sweat glands in the skin over the face and anterior aspect of the neck, and the dilator muscle of the iris. However, it does not have any direct effect on the contraction of the thoracic diaphragm. This is controlled by the phrenic nerve, which arises from the cervical spinal nerves and does not pass through the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion. Therefore, destruction of the ganglion would not affect the contraction of the thoracic diaphragm.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The median and lateral apertures are the connection between the:
- A.
Lateral ventricles and third ventricle
- B.
Third and fourth ventricles
- C.
Fourth ventricle and subarachnoid space
- D.
Fourth ventricle and subdural space
- E.
Third ventricle and subarachnoid space
Correct Answer
C. Fourth ventricle and subarachnoid spaceExplanation
The median and lateral apertures are openings in the fourth ventricle that allow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to flow from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space. The subarachnoid space is a fluid-filled space that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. CSF plays a crucial role in protecting and nourishing the central nervous system, and its flow through the apertures ensures proper circulation and distribution of this fluid. Therefore, the correct answer is that the median and lateral apertures connect the fourth ventricle and the subarachnoid space.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The sphenoid bone transmits all of the following structures except:
- A.
Middle meningeal artery
- B.
Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
- C.
Optic nerve
- D.
Internal carotid artery
- E.
Ophthalmic artery
Correct Answer
D. Internal carotid arteryExplanation
The sphenoid bone is a complex bone located at the base of the skull. It contains several foramina (holes) through which various structures pass. The middle meningeal artery, mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, optic nerve, and ophthalmic artery all pass through different foramina in the sphenoid bone. However, the internal carotid artery does not pass through the sphenoid bone. Instead, it enters the skull through the carotid canal in the temporal bone. Therefore, the correct answer is the internal carotid artery.Rate this question:
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- 26.
All of the following ganglia are involved in parasympathetic supply of the head except:
- A.
Otic
- B.
Superior cervical
- C.
Ciliary
- D.
Submandibular
- E.
Pterygopalatine
Correct Answer
B. Superior cervicalExplanation
The superior cervical ganglion is not involved in the parasympathetic supply of the head. It is part of the sympathetic nervous system and is responsible for innervating structures such as blood vessels and sweat glands. The other ganglia listed (otic, ciliary, submandibular, pterygopalatine) are all involved in the parasympathetic supply of the head, controlling functions such as salivation, lacrimation, and pupillary constriction.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The four refracting media of eye, listed in the sequence in which they refract, are: 1) Vitreous body, 2) lens, 3) aqueous humor, 4) Cornea
- A.
1, 2, 3 and 4
- B.
4, 1, 2 and 3
- C.
4, 3, 2 and 1
- D.
2, 3, 4 and 1
- E.
3, 2, 1 and 4
Correct Answer
C. 4, 3, 2 and 1Explanation
The correct sequence of the four refracting media of the eye is 4) Cornea, 3) aqueous humor, 2) lens, and 1) vitreous body. The cornea is the outermost layer and provides the initial refraction of light entering the eye. The aqueous humor is a clear fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the lens, helping to maintain the shape of the eye and refracting light further. The lens is responsible for fine-tuning the focus of light onto the retina. Finally, the vitreous body, a gel-like substance, fills the space between the lens and the retina, providing support to the eye and also contributing to the refraction of light.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Hormones secreted from the posterior pituitary gland are synthesized by the:
- A.
Anterior pituitary gland
- B.
Thyroid gland
- C.
Posterior pituitary gland
- D.
Hypothalamus
- E.
Pineal gland
Correct Answer
D. HypothalamusExplanation
The correct answer is the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is responsible for producing and releasing hormones that are stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. The hormones produced by the hypothalamus include oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which are then released into the bloodstream by the posterior pituitary gland. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Each of the following statements concerning the vertebral artery is correct except:
- A.
Arises from the first part of the subclavian artery
- B.
Winds around the superior part of the lateral mass of the atlas
- C.
Ascends through the foramina transversaria C7 to C3 vertebrae
- D.
Is the first branch of subclavian artery
- E.
Enters the subarachnoid space at the level of the foramen magnum
Correct Answer
C. Ascends through the foramina transversaria C7 to C3 vertebraeExplanation
The vertebral artery does not ascend through the foramina transversaria of the C7 to C3 vertebrae. Instead, it ascends through the foramina transversaria of the C6 to C1 vertebrae.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Correct name of the structure of the brain, found deeply in the sulcus lateralis cerebri:
- A.
Capsula interna
- B.
Insula
- C.
Gyrus parahippocampalis
- D.
Fornix
- E.
Plexus choroideus
Correct Answer
B. InsulaExplanation
The correct answer is Insula. The insula is a structure of the brain that is located deep within the lateral sulcus. It is involved in a variety of functions, including the processing of emotions, self-awareness, and the regulation of the body's homeostasis.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following accompanies the optic nerve through the optic canal?
- A.
Cranial nerves III, IV
- B.
Ophthalmic nerve
- C.
Meninges and ophthalmic artery
- D.
Ophthalmic veins
- E.
Cranial nerve VI
Correct Answer
C. Meninges and opHthalmic arteryExplanation
The optic nerve passes through the optic canal along with the meninges, which are the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord, and the ophthalmic artery, which supplies blood to the structures of the eye.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Nucleus in brain common to IX, X and XI cranial nerves:
- A.
Nucleus solitaries
- B.
Nucleus ambiguus
- C.
Dentate nucleus
- D.
Red nucleus
- E.
Lenciformis nucleus
Correct Answer
B. Nucleus ambiguusExplanation
The correct answer is Nucleus ambiguus. The Nucleus ambiguus is a motor nucleus located in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. It is responsible for controlling the motor functions of the glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), and accessory (XI) cranial nerves. These cranial nerves are involved in various functions such as swallowing, speaking, and controlling the muscles of the throat and larynx. Therefore, the Nucleus ambiguus is the common nucleus for these cranial nerves.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Each of the following statements concerning the carotid body and carotid sinus is correct except:
- A.
The carotid sinus is a pressure receptor
- B.
This body and sinus regulate cardiac and respiratory rates
- C.
Carotid sinus is dilation of the proximal part of the external carotid artery
- D.
The carotid body is a chemoreceptor
- E.
The carotid body is located between the bifurcation of the common carotid a.
Correct Answer
C. Carotid sinus is dilation of the proximal part of the external carotid arteryExplanation
The carotid sinus is not a dilation of the proximal part of the external carotid artery.Rate this question:
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- 34.
False concerning the pterygopalatine ganglion:
- A.
Supplies parasympathetic fibres to the lacrimal gland
- B.
Sympathetic nerves from the superior cervical ganglion passes through it
- C.
Is suspended from the maxillary nerve
- D.
Supplies the iris
- E.
Supplies the motor fibres to the glands of the nose
Correct Answer
D. Supplies the irisExplanation
The pterygopalatine ganglion supplies parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal gland, not the iris. The ganglion is suspended from the maxillary nerve and sympathetic nerves from the superior cervical ganglion pass through it. It also supplies motor fibers to the glands of the nose.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The superior sagittal sinus:
- A.
Drains into the straight sinus
- B.
Is attached to the petrous temporal bone
- C.
Receives emissary veins from the scalp
- D.
Communicates with the cavernous sinus
- E.
Receives the superior petrosal sinus
Correct Answer
C. Receives emissary veins from the scalpExplanation
The superior sagittal sinus receives emissary veins from the scalp. Emissary veins are veins that connect the extracranial venous system with the intracranial venous system. They allow blood to flow between the scalp and the brain. The superior sagittal sinus is located in the midline of the brain, running along the superior border of the falx cerebri. It drains blood from the cerebral hemispheres and receives blood from the scalp through these emissary veins.Rate this question:
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- 36.
The chorda tympani carries:
- A.
Fibres of taste sensation from the posterior one third of the tongue
- B.
Parasympathetic fibres from the submandibular gland
- C.
Fibres of ordinary sensation from the lower gum
- D.
Fibres of ordinary sensation for the anterior two thirds of the tongue
- E.
Sensory fibres that have their cell bodies in the trigeminal ganglion
Correct Answer
B. Parasympathetic fibres from the submandibular glandExplanation
The chorda tympani carries parasympathetic fibers from the submandibular gland.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Loss of lacrimation (dry eye) can be due to an injury to which nerve?
- A.
Nasociliary
- B.
Greater petrosal
- C.
Supraorbital
- D.
Anterior ethmoid
- E.
Lesser petrosal
Correct Answer
B. Greater petrosalExplanation
The greater petrosal nerve is responsible for lacrimation, or tear production. Therefore, if there is a loss of lacrimation, it can be due to an injury to the greater petrosal nerve.Rate this question:
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- 38.
During a sinus attack, painful sensation from the ethmoid cells is carried in which nerve?
- A.
Meningeal
- B.
Greater petrosal
- C.
Pterygoid
- D.
Nasociliary
- E.
Frontal
Correct Answer
D. NasociliaryExplanation
During a sinus attack, the painful sensation from the ethmoid cells is carried in the nasociliary nerve. The ethmoid cells are located in the ethmoid bone, which is part of the nasal cavity. The nasociliary nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, which is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the forehead, upper eyelid, and the anterior part of the scalp. Therefore, when the ethmoid cells are inflamed or infected during a sinus attack, the pain is transmitted through the nasociliary nerve, leading to a painful sensation in the affected areas.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Components of the osseus labyrinth include all of the following except:
- A.
Semicircular canals
- B.
Cochlea
- C.
Vestibule
- D.
Ampulla ossea
- E.
Scala tympani
Correct Answer
E. Scala tympaniExplanation
The osseous labyrinth is the bony structure of the inner ear that contains the sensory organs responsible for hearing and balance. It consists of the semicircular canals, cochlea, and vestibule. The semicircular canals detect rotational movements, the cochlea is responsible for hearing, and the vestibule helps with balance and orientation. The ampulla ossea is a part of the semicircular canals, while the scala tympani is a part of the cochlea. Therefore, the component of the osseous labyrinth that is not included in the given options is the scala tympani.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Which structure is NOT located in the region of the brain known as the mesencephalon?
- A.
Corpora quadrigemina
- B.
Substantia nigra
- C.
Superior colliculus
- D.
Oliva
- E.
Red nucleus
Correct Answer
D. OlivaExplanation
The mesencephalon, also known as the midbrain, is a region of the brain that is responsible for relaying sensory and motor information. The structures listed in the options are all located in the mesencephalon, except for the Oliva. Therefore, the Oliva is NOT located in the region of the brain known as the mesencephalon.Rate this question:
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- 41.
What nerve carries the sensory part of the cough reflex?
- A.
Internal laryngeal nerve
- B.
External laryngeal nerve
- C.
Trigeminal nerve
- D.
Facial nerve
- E.
Maxillary nerve
Correct Answer
A. Internal laryngeal nerveExplanation
The internal laryngeal nerve carries the sensory part of the cough reflex. This nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the larynx, including the sensation of irritation or foreign objects in the throat, which triggers the cough reflex. The other nerves listed are not directly involved in the sensory aspect of the cough reflex.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Wrong about the greater petrosal nerve:
- A.
Enters the foramen lacerum
- B.
Is a branch of the facial nerve
- C.
Carries taste fibres from the palate
- D.
Carries parasympathetic fibres for the lacrimal gland
- E.
Supplies ciliary muscle
Correct Answer
E. Supplies ciliary muscleExplanation
The greater petrosal nerve does not supply the ciliary muscle. It is a branch of the facial nerve that carries parasympathetic fibers for the lacrimal gland. It also carries taste fibers from the palate and enters the foramen lacerum. Therefore, the statement "Supplies ciliary muscle" is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Pulsations felt just above the zygomatic arch and in front of the ear are from which vessel:
- A.
Facial
- B.
Internal jugular vein
- C.
Superficial temporal artery
- D.
Retromandibular vein
- E.
Maxillary artery
Correct Answer
C. Superficial temporal arteryExplanation
The pulsations felt just above the zygomatic arch and in front of the ear are from the superficial temporal artery. The superficial temporal artery is a branch of the external carotid artery and runs in front of the ear and above the zygomatic arch. It supplies blood to the scalp and face, and its pulsations can be felt in this area. The other options, such as the facial artery, internal jugular vein, retromandibular vein, and maxillary artery, do not run in this specific location and therefore would not be responsible for the pulsations felt in this area.Rate this question:
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- 44.
The facial nerve:
- A.
Exits the cranium through the foramen ovale
- B.
Provides the primary parasympathetic supply of the parotid gland
- C.
Supplies taste fibres to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
- D.
Supplies motor fibres to the medial pterygoid muscle
- E.
Supplies motor fibres to the stapedius muscle
Correct Answer
E. Supplies motor fibres to the stapedius muscleExplanation
The facial nerve supplies motor fibers to the stapedius muscle.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Which of the following structures is component of the auditory pathway:
- A.
Superior colliculus
- B.
Lateral lemniscus
- C.
Medial lemniscus
- D.
Trigeminal lemniscus
- E.
Spinal lemniscus
Correct Answer
B. Lateral lemniscusExplanation
The auditory pathway is responsible for processing sound information. The lateral lemniscus is a structure that is part of this pathway. It receives auditory signals from the cochlear nucleus and carries them to the inferior colliculus in the midbrain. From there, the information is further processed and sent to the thalamus and auditory cortex for interpretation. The other structures listed are not specifically involved in the auditory pathway.Rate this question:
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- 46.
The trapezoid body in the pons is:
- A.
Nerve fibres comping from the olivary nucleus
- B.
Bundles of the fibres of the formation reticularis, crossing in the pons
- C.
Eferent fibres from the nuclei proprii pontis and cerebellum
- D.
Fibres coming from auditory nuclei and crossing rhomboid fossa transversally
- E.
It is bundles of fibres of lemniscus lateralis
Correct Answer
D. Fibres coming from auditory nuclei and crossing rhomboid fossa transversallyExplanation
The trapezoid body in the pons is composed of fibres coming from auditory nuclei and crossing the rhomboid fossa transversally. This structure is responsible for relaying auditory information from the cochlea to the superior olivary complex, which is involved in sound localization and processing. The crossing of the fibres in the trapezoid body allows for the integration of information from both ears, contributing to our ability to perceive sound in space.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Somatosensory cortical area is located in:
- A.
Gyrus postcentralis
- B.
Gyrus precentralis
- C.
Lobus temporalis
- D.
Lobus frontalis
- E.
Lobus occipitalis
Correct Answer
A. Gyrus postcentralisExplanation
The somatosensory cortical area is responsible for processing sensory information from the body, such as touch, temperature, and pain. It is located in the gyrus postcentralis, which is the primary somatosensory cortex. This area is located behind the central sulcus in the parietal lobe of the brain. It receives input from the thalamus and sends signals to other areas of the brain for further processing and interpretation of sensory information.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Superior to the hypothalamus and between the halves of the thalamus is the:
- A.
Subthalamus
- B.
Midbrain
- C.
Superior sagittal sinus
- D.
Fourth ventricle
- E.
Third ventricle
Correct Answer
E. Third ventricleExplanation
The third ventricle is located superior to the hypothalamus and between the halves of the thalamus. It is one of the fluid-filled cavities in the brain that plays a crucial role in the circulation and production of cerebrospinal fluid. The subthalamus, midbrain, superior sagittal sinus, and fourth ventricle are not positioned in this specific location.Rate this question:
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- 49.
The central fovea is:
- A.
Where the optic nerve exits the back of the eye
- B.
The area of highest visual acuity on the retina
- C.
What secretes aqueous humor
- D.
Where the retinal artery branches
- E.
Where new photopigments are produced
Correct Answer
B. The area of highest visual acuity on the retinaExplanation
The central fovea is the area of highest visual acuity on the retina. This means that it is the part of the retina that is most sensitive to detail and is responsible for sharp, clear vision. The central fovea contains a high concentration of cone cells, which are responsible for color vision and visual acuity. The other options listed do not accurately describe the central fovea.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Which of the following landmarks indicates the level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery?
- A.
Inferior border of the thyroid cartilage
- B.
Arch of the cricoid cartilage
- C.
Superior border of the thyroid cartilage
- D.
Tip of the lesser horn of the hyoid bone
- E.
Inferior border of the second cervical vertebra
Correct Answer
C. Superior border of the thyroid cartilageExplanation
The superior border of the thyroid cartilage indicates the level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. This landmark is used to locate the carotid artery during surgical procedures or when performing a physical examination. The thyroid cartilage is a prominent structure in the neck, and its superior border is easily palpable. By identifying this landmark, healthcare professionals can accurately locate the common carotid artery and assess its pulsations or perform interventions if necessary.Rate this question:
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Quiz Review Timeline +
Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
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Current Version
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Mar 03, 2017Quiz Created by
Catherine Halcomb
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