A Quiz About Anatomy

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  • 1/200 Questions

    The neuroglia that form myelin in the CNS are:

    • Neurolemmocytes
    • Microglia
    • Astrocytes
    • Oligodendrocytes
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Human Anatomy Quizzes & Trivia
About This Quiz

Explore the complexities of human anatomy in this engaging quiz. Test your knowledge on neural pathways, arterial structures, and sensory nerves. Perfect for students and professionals aiming to deepen their understanding of human body functions.

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  • 2. 

    The two types of photoreceptor cells of the retina are:

    • Horizontal cells and amacrine cells

    • Bipolar cells and ganglion cells

    • Rods and cones

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Rods and cones
    Explanation
    The correct answer is rods and cones. Rods and cones are the two types of photoreceptor cells found in the retina of the eye. Rods are responsible for vision in low light conditions and do not perceive color, while cones are responsible for color vision and work best in bright light. These cells transmit visual information to the bipolar cells and ganglion cells, which then send signals to the brain for processing. Horizontal cells and amacrine cells are also present in the retina, but they are not photoreceptor cells.

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  • 3. 

    Cerebrospinal fluid is NOT found circulating in the:

    • Subarachnoid space of the cranial meninges

    • Ventricles of the brain

    • Cerebellum

    • Central canal of the spinal cord

    Correct Answer
    A. Cerebellum
    Explanation
    Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. It is produced in the ventricles of the brain and circulates throughout the subarachnoid space of the cranial meninges and the central canal of the spinal cord. However, it is not found circulating in the cerebellum. The cerebellum is a part of the brain responsible for motor control and coordination, but it does not have CSF circulating within it.

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  • 4. 

    The vascular tunic includes:

    • Sclera, cornea, limbus

    • Iris, ciliary body, choroid

    • Vitreous body, lens, retina

    • Macula, fovea, optic disc

    Correct Answer
    A. Iris, ciliary body, choroid
    Explanation
    The vascular tunic, also known as the uvea, is the middle layer of the eye that contains blood vessels. It includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. The iris controls the size of the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye. The ciliary body is responsible for producing the aqueous humor and controlling the shape of the lens for focusing. The choroid provides nourishment to the retina and helps absorb excess light.

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  • 5. 

    Which structure is NOT located in the region of the brain known as the mesencephalon?

    • Corpora quadrigemina

    • Substantia nigra

    • Superior colliculus

    • Oliva

    • Red nucleus

    Correct Answer
    A. Oliva
    Explanation
    The mesencephalon, also known as the midbrain, is a region of the brain that is responsible for relaying sensory and motor information. The structures listed in the options are all located in the mesencephalon, except for the Oliva. Therefore, the Oliva is NOT located in the region of the brain known as the mesencephalon.

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  • 6. 

    The central fovea is:

    • Where the optic nerve exits the back of the eye

    • The area of highest visual acuity on the retina

    • What secretes aqueous humor

    • Where the retinal artery branches

    • Where new photopigments are produced

    Correct Answer
    A. The area of highest visual acuity on the retina
    Explanation
    The central fovea is the area of highest visual acuity on the retina. This means that it is the part of the retina that is most sensitive to detail and is responsible for sharp, clear vision. The central fovea contains a high concentration of cone cells, which are responsible for color vision and visual acuity. The other options listed do not accurately describe the central fovea.

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  • 7. 

    In the autonomic nervous system all preganglionic fibres release the neurotransmitter:

    • Acetylcholine

    • Norepinephrine

    • Serotonin

    • Dopamin

    • Epinephrine

    Correct Answer
    A. Acetylcholine
    Explanation
    In the autonomic nervous system, the preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is responsible for transmitting signals from the central nervous system to the ganglia, which then relay the signals to the target organs. This neurotransmitter plays a crucial role in the regulation of involuntary bodily functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.

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  • 8. 

    The structure that is NOT located in the diencephalon is the: 

    • Thalamus

    • Pituitary gland

    • Pons

    • Epithalamus

    Correct Answer
    A. Pons
    Explanation
    The pons is a structure that is not located in the diencephalon. The diencephalon is a region of the brain that includes the thalamus and epithalamus, but the pons is part of the brainstem. The pons is responsible for relaying signals between the cerebrum and the cerebellum, as well as controlling various functions such as sleep, breathing, and bladder control. Therefore, the pons is not located in the diencephalon.

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  • 9. 

    The vascular tunic includes:

    • Sclera, cornea, limbus

    • Iris, ciliary body, choroid

    • Vitreous body, lens, retina

    • Macula, fovea, optic disc

    • Cornea, iris, lens

    Correct Answer
    A. Iris, ciliary body, choroid
    Explanation
    The vascular tunic, also known as the uvea, is the middle layer of the eye. It includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil. The ciliary body is responsible for producing the aqueous humor and controlling the shape of the lens. The choroid is a layer of blood vessels that provides oxygen and nutrients to the retina.

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  • 10. 

    Nucleus in brain common to IX, X and XI cranial nerves:

    • Nucleus solitaries

    • Nucleus ambiguus

    • Dentate nucleus

    • Red nucleus

    • Lenciformis nucleus

    Correct Answer
    A. Nucleus ambiguus
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Nucleus ambiguus. The Nucleus ambiguus is a motor nucleus located in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. It is responsible for controlling the motor functions of the glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), and accessory (XI) cranial nerves. These cranial nerves are involved in various functions such as swallowing, speaking, and controlling the muscles of the throat and larynx. Therefore, the Nucleus ambiguus is the common nucleus for these cranial nerves.

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  • 11. 

    The function of arachnoid villi is to:

    • Hold the meninges onto the brain

    • Produce cerebrospinal fluid

    • Reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid

    • Provide nourishment for neurons in the CNS

    • Conduct impulses between hemispheres

    Correct Answer
    A. Reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid
    Explanation
    Arachnoid villi are small projections found in the arachnoid mater, one of the layers of the meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord. These villi play a crucial role in the reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is a clear fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. It is constantly produced and circulated within the central nervous system. Arachnoid villi act as one-way valves, allowing the excess CSF to be absorbed back into the bloodstream, maintaining a balance of CSF volume and pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is that arachnoid villi reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid.

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  • 12. 

    Nucleus in brain common to IX, X and XI cranial nerves :

    • Nucleus solitarius

    • Nucleus ambiguus

    • Dentate nucleus

    • Red nucleus

    Correct Answer
    A. Nucleus ambiguus
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Nucleus ambiguus. The nucleus ambiguus is a motor nucleus located in the medulla oblongata, and it is responsible for supplying motor fibers to the glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), and accessory (XI) cranial nerves. These cranial nerves are involved in various functions such as swallowing, speech, and movement of the head and neck. Therefore, the nucleus ambiguus is the common nucleus in the brain for these cranial nerves.

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  • 13. 

    Which of the following nerve-plexus associations is incorrect? ​

    • Median/sacral

    • Phrenic/cervical

    • Phrenic/cervical

    • Femoral/lumbar

    Correct Answer
    A. Median/sacral
    Explanation
    The nerve-plexus association "median/sacral" is incorrect. The median nerve is associated with the brachial plexus, not the sacral plexus. The sacral plexus is responsible for innervating the lower limbs, while the median nerve primarily innervates the forearm and hand.

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  • 14. 

    Which of the following is NOT a spinal nerve plexus? 

    • The cervical plexus

    • The brachial plexus

    • The thoracic plexus

    • The lumbar plexus

    • The sacral plexus

    Correct Answer
    A. The thoracic plexus
    Explanation
    The cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, and sacral plexus are all examples of spinal nerve plexuses. These plexuses are formed by the branching and merging of nerves from the spinal cord, allowing for the distribution of nerve fibers to different parts of the body. However, the thoracic plexus is not a spinal nerve plexus. Instead, the thoracic nerves directly innervate the muscles and skin of the chest and abdomen without forming a distinct plexus.

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  • 15. 

    Neuroglia in the CNS that produce the myelin sheath are the:

    • Astrocytes

    • Oligodendrocytes

    • Microglia

    • Ependymal cells

    • Schwann cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Oligodendrocytes
    Explanation
    Oligodendrocytes are responsible for producing the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS). The myelin sheath is a protective covering that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers, allowing for faster and more efficient transmission of electrical impulses. Astrocytes are a type of neuroglia that provide support and nourishment to neurons, while microglia are involved in immune defense in the CNS. Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and spinal cord, producing cerebrospinal fluid. Schwann cells, on the other hand, produce the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

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  • 16. 

    Correct name of the structure of the brain, found deeply in the sulcus lateralis cerebri:

    • Capsula interna

    • Insula

    • Gyrus parahippocampalis

    • Fornix

    • Plexus choroideus

    Correct Answer
    A. Insula
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Insula. The insula is a structure of the brain that is located deep within the lateral sulcus. It is involved in a variety of functions, including the processing of emotions, self-awareness, and the regulation of the body's homeostasis.

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  • 17. 

    Which of the following is the thick band of fibers located between the cerebral hemispheres of the brain? 

    • Corpus callosum

    • Medulla oblongata

    • Meninges

    Correct Answer
    A. Corpus callosum
    Explanation
    The corpus callosum is the thick band of fibers located between the cerebral hemispheres of the brain. It is responsible for connecting and facilitating communication between the two hemispheres, allowing them to work together and share information. The medulla oblongata is a structure located in the brainstem that controls vital functions such as breathing and heart rate. The meninges are the protective membranes that surround and support the brain and spinal cord.

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  • 18. 

    The two anatomical divisions of the nervous system are:

    • Somatic and peripheral

    • Peripheral and autonomic

    • Central and peripheral

    • Central and autonomic

    Correct Answer
    A. Central and peripheral
    Explanation
    The nervous system is divided into two main anatomical divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and coordinating information. The PNS includes all the nerves outside of the CNS, which transmit signals between the CNS and the rest of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is central and peripheral.

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  • 19. 

    The two distinct types of cells composing neural tissue are:

    • Neurons and neuroglia

    • Astrocytes and microglia

    • Somas and axons

    • Satellite cells and Schwann cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Neurons and neuroglia
    Explanation
    Neurons and neuroglia are the two distinct types of cells composing neural tissue. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical signals and communicate with each other, while neuroglia are supportive cells that provide structural support, insulation, and nourishment to neurons. Together, these two types of cells work in harmony to ensure proper functioning of the nervous system.

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  • 20. 

    Approximately 75% of all parasympathetic outflow is provided by the:

    • Oculomotor nerve

    • Glossopharyngeal nerve

    • Facial nerve

    • Vagus nerve

    Correct Answer
    A. Vagus nerve
    Explanation
    The vagus nerve is responsible for providing approximately 75% of all parasympathetic outflow. This nerve plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiration. It innervates many organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities, including the heart, lungs, liver, and intestines. Through its parasympathetic fibers, the vagus nerve helps promote rest and relaxation responses in the body, counteracting the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.

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  • 21. 

    In what strctures of the vestibular complex are receptors for the sensations of gravity and linear acceleration located?

    • Saccule and ampulla

    • Utricle and semicircular canals

    • Semicircular canals and ampulla

    • Saccule and utricle

    • Saccule and semicircular canals

    Correct Answer
    A. Saccule and utricle
    Explanation
    The receptors for the sensations of gravity and linear acceleration are located in the saccule and utricle. These structures are part of the vestibular complex, which is responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation. The saccule and utricle contain hair cells that are sensitive to changes in head position and movement, allowing us to perceive the force of gravity and changes in linear acceleration. The semicircular canals and ampulla, on the other hand, are involved in detecting rotational movements.

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  • 22. 

    The cell bodies of neurones that narrow the pupil are located in the: 

    • Trigeminal ganglion

    • Superior cervical ganglion

    • Ciliary ganglion

    • Pterygopalatine ganglion

    • Stellate ganglion

    Correct Answer
    A. Ciliary ganglion
    Explanation
    The ciliary ganglion is responsible for narrowing the pupil. It is a small parasympathetic ganglion located in the orbit, near the back of the eye. It receives input from the oculomotor nerve and sends out parasympathetic fibers to the iris sphincter muscle, which causes constriction of the pupil. The other ganglia mentioned in the options do not have a direct role in pupillary constriction.

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  • 23. 

    Which of the following combinations relating plexus to nerve derivation is incorrect?

    • Brachial plexus and radial nerve

    • Sacral plexus and the sciatic nerve

    • Lumbar plexus and the median nerve

    • Cervical plexus and the phrenic nerve

    Correct Answer
    A. Lumbar plexus and the median nerve
    Explanation
    The lumbar plexus and the median nerve is an incorrect combination because the lumbar plexus primarily supplies nerves to the lower extremities, while the median nerve is derived from the brachial plexus and supplies the upper extremity.

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  • 24. 

    White matter of the CNS is composed of:

    • Aggregations of myelinated axons

    • Aggregations of cell bodies of neurones

    • Aggregations of nuclei of cell bodies

    • Aggregations of ganglia

    • Neuroglia cell bodies of neurones

    Correct Answer
    A. Aggregations of myelinated axons
    Explanation
    The white matter of the CNS is composed of aggregations of myelinated axons. This refers to bundles of nerve fibers that are covered in a fatty substance called myelin, which helps to insulate and speed up the transmission of electrical signals between different parts of the central nervous system. These aggregations of myelinated axons are responsible for transmitting information between different regions of the brain and spinal cord, allowing for efficient communication and coordination of bodily functions.

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  • 25. 

    The hindbrain is also known as the

    • Mesencephalon

    • Prosencephalon

    • Rhombencephalon

    Correct Answer
    A. Rhombencephalon
    Explanation
    The hindbrain, also known as the rhombencephalon, is the posterior part of the brain that includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. It is responsible for controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The rhombencephalon is involved in coordinating motor movements, maintaining balance and posture, and relaying sensory information between the spinal cord and higher brain centers.

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  • 26. 

    The nerves of the brachial plexus serve the: 

    • Head and neck

    • Neck and arm

    • Shoulder girdle and arm

    • Thorax and shoulder girdle

    Correct Answer
    A. Shoulder girdle and arm
    Explanation
    The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that originates from the spinal cord in the neck region and extends into the shoulder girdle and arm. It provides innervation to the muscles and sensation to the skin of the shoulder girdle and arm. Therefore, the correct answer is "shoulder girdle and arm."

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  • 27. 

    The facial artery gives rise to branches that supply each of the regions listed below EXCEPT for the: 

    • Medial angle of the orbit

    • Submandibular gland

    • Region of the eyebrow

    • Upper lip

    • Lower lip

    Correct Answer
    A. Region of the eyebrow
    Explanation
    The facial artery is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the face. It gives rise to several branches that supply different regions of the face. The medial angle of the orbit, submandibular gland, upper lip, and lower lip are all supplied by branches of the facial artery. However, the region of the eyebrow is not directly supplied by the facial artery. Instead, it receives blood supply from branches of the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries, which are branches of the ophthalmic artery.

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  • 28. 

    Each of the following statements concerning the internal carotid artery is correct except that it:

    • Supplies the brain and orbit

    • Has only a few small branches in the neck

    • Enters the carotid canal in the temporal bone

    • Is direct continuation of the common carotid artery

    • Passes to the base of the skull within the carotid sheath

    Correct Answer
    A. Has only a few small branches in the neck
    Explanation
    The internal carotid artery is a major blood vessel that supplies the brain and orbit. It enters the carotid canal in the temporal bone and passes to the base of the skull within the carotid sheath. It is a direct continuation of the common carotid artery. However, the statement that it has only a few small branches in the neck is incorrect. The internal carotid artery actually gives off several branches in the neck, including the superior thyroid artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, and the lingual artery.

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  • 29. 

    If the dorsal rootlets of T4 are cut (dorsal rhizotomy) there will be loss of sensation at the level of the: 

    • Neck

    • Clavicle

    • Nipple

    • Umbilicus

    • Pubis

    Correct Answer
    A. Nipple
    Explanation
    If the dorsal rootlets of T4 are cut (dorsal rhizotomy), there will be loss of sensation at the level of the nipple. The dorsal rootlets are responsible for transmitting sensory information from the body to the spinal cord. T4 refers to the fourth thoracic vertebra, which is located in the upper back region. The nerves originating from this level supply sensation to the area around the nipple. Therefore, cutting the dorsal rootlets of T4 would result in loss of sensation specifically at the level of the nipple.

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  • 30. 

    Cranial nerves that innervate the extrinsic eye muscles include 

    • Olfactory, oculomotor, hypoglossal

    • Abducens, trigeminal, trochlear

    • Trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, oculomotor

    • Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens

    Correct Answer
    A. Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens
    Explanation
    The cranial nerves that innervate the extrinsic eye muscles are the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves. The oculomotor nerve controls the movement of most of the extrinsic eye muscles, including the superior, medial, and inferior rectus muscles, as well as the inferior oblique muscle. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle, which helps with downward and outward eye movement. The abducens nerve controls the lateral rectus muscle, which moves the eye outward. Therefore, the correct answer is oculomotor, trochlear, abducens.

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  • 31. 

    Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the spinal cord?

    • The spinal cord terminates at the conus medullaris

    • There are enlargements of the spinal cord at each vertebral segment

    • The gray matter is H-shaped and deep to the white matter

    • The spinal cord ends at the level of L1

    Correct Answer
    A. There are enlargements of the spinal cord at each vertebral segment
    Explanation
    The statement that there are enlargements of the spinal cord at each vertebral segment is false. The spinal cord does have enlargements, but they are only present in certain regions. The cervical enlargement is located in the neck region and supplies nerves to the upper limbs, while the lumbosacral enlargement is found in the lower back and supplies nerves to the lower limbs. The other statements are true: the spinal cord terminates at the conus medullaris, the gray matter is H-shaped and deep to the white matter, and the spinal cord ends at the level of L1.

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  • 32. 

    The hypothalamus:

    • Forms part of the midbrain

    • Forms part of the roof of the third ventricle

    • Is responsible for temperature regulation

    • Contains the red nucleus

    • Has nerve connections with the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

    Correct Answer
    A. Is responsible for temperature regulation
    Explanation
    The hypothalamus is responsible for temperature regulation. It acts as the body's thermostat, helping to maintain a stable internal temperature. It does this by receiving information about the body's temperature from sensors throughout the body and then initiating responses to either cool down or warm up the body as needed. The hypothalamus also plays a role in other important functions such as hunger, thirst, and sleep. It is located at the base of the brain and forms part of the roof of the third ventricle. It has nerve connections with the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, which allows it to control the release of hormones that regulate various bodily functions. It does not contain the red nucleus, which is located in the midbrain.

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  • 33. 

    The four refracting media of eye, listed in the sequence in which they refract, are: 1) Vitreous body, 2) lens, 3) aqueous humor, 4) Cornea 

    • 1, 2, 3 and 4

    • 4, 1, 2 and 3

    • 4, 3, 2 and 1

    • 2, 3, 4 and 1

    • 3, 2, 1 and 4

    Correct Answer
    A. 4, 3, 2 and 1
    Explanation
    The correct sequence of the four refracting media of the eye is 4) Cornea, 3) aqueous humor, 2) lens, and 1) vitreous body. The cornea is the outermost layer and provides the initial refraction of light entering the eye. The aqueous humor is a clear fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the lens, helping to maintain the shape of the eye and refracting light further. The lens is responsible for fine-tuning the focus of light onto the retina. Finally, the vitreous body, a gel-like substance, fills the space between the lens and the retina, providing support to the eye and also contributing to the refraction of light.

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  • 34. 

    Which structure is NOT located in the region of the brain known as the mesencephalon or midbrain? 

    • Corpora quadrigemina

    • Substantia nigra

    • Superior colliculus

    • Cerebellar vermis

    Correct Answer
    A. Cerebellar vermis
    Explanation
    The cerebellar vermis is not located in the region of the brain known as the mesencephalon or midbrain. The mesencephalon or midbrain primarily consists of the corpora quadrigemina, substantia nigra, and superior colliculus. The cerebellar vermis, on the other hand, is a structure located in the cerebellum, which is situated posterior to the brainstem and not part of the midbrain.

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  • 35. 

    The postganglionic (second order) parasympathetic neurons are located: 

    • Near the spinal cord in chain ganglia

    • In the ventral roots of spinal nerves

    • In intramural ganglia or in ganglia adjacent to the target organs

    • In collateral ganglia near major abdominal arteries

    Correct Answer
    A. In intramural ganglia or in ganglia adjacent to the target organs
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "in intramural ganglia or in ganglia adjacent to the target organs." Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons are located in intramural ganglia, which are located within the walls of the target organs, or in ganglia adjacent to the target organs. This allows for the parasympathetic nervous system to have direct control and influence over the target organs, regulating their functions.

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  • 36. 

    Each of the following statements concerning the internal carotid artery is correct except that it

    • Supplies the brain and orbit

    • Has only a few small branches in the neck

    • Entries the carotid canal in the temporal bone

    • Is direct continuation of the common carotid artery

    • Passes to the base of the skull within the carotid sheath

    Correct Answer
    A. Has only a few small branches in the neck
    Explanation
    The internal carotid artery is a direct continuation of the common carotid artery and supplies the brain and orbit. It enters the carotid canal in the temporal bone and passes to the base of the skull within the carotid sheath. Therefore, the correct answer is that it has only a few small branches in the neck.

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  • 37. 

    Which of the following nerves passes through the superficial inguinal ring

    • Illohypogastric nerve

    • Obturator nerve

    • Lateral temporal cutaneous nerve

    • Ilioinguinal nerve

    • Pudendal nerve

    Correct Answer
    A. Ilioinguinal nerve
    Explanation
    The ilioinguinal nerve passes through the superficial inguinal ring. This nerve is a branch of the lumbar plexus and provides sensory innervation to the upper medial thigh, the inguinal region, and the genitalia. It also supplies motor fibers to the internal oblique muscle of the abdominal wall. The superficial inguinal ring is an opening in the external oblique aponeurosis, located just above the inguinal ligament. It allows structures such as the ilioinguinal nerve to pass from the abdominal cavity to the inguinal region.

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  • 38. 

    The … is the first large branch of the aorta

    • Left common carotid

    • Left subclavian

    • Brachiocephalic

    • Right common carotid

    • Right subclavian

    • Right subclavian

    Correct Answer
    A. Brachiocephalic
    Explanation
    The brachiocephalic artery, also known as the innominate artery, is the first large branch of the aorta. It is responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to the right arm, right side of the head, and neck. It divides into the right common carotid artery, which supplies blood to the right side of the head, and the right subclavian artery, which supplies blood to the right arm. Therefore, the brachiocephalic artery is the correct answer as it is the first major branch originating from the aorta.

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  • 39. 

    In the parasympathetic divison of the ANS, the preganglionic (first-order) neurons are located in the:

    • Peripheral ganglia

    • Brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord

    • Thoracolumbar segments of the spinal cord

    • Adrenal medulla

    Correct Answer
    A. Brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord
    Explanation
    The correct answer is brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord. In the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the preganglionic neurons originate from two main locations: the brain stem and the sacral segments of the spinal cord. These preganglionic neurons then synapse with postganglionic neurons in peripheral ganglia, which are located near or within the target organs. Therefore, the preganglionic neurons themselves are not located in the peripheral ganglia, but rather in the brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord.

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  • 40. 

    Oculomotor nerve leaves the skull through which of the following

    • Optic canal

    • Superior orbita fissure

    • Inferior orbital fissure

    • Foramen magnum

    Correct Answer
    A. Superior orbita fissure
    Explanation
    The oculomotor nerve leaves the skull through the superior orbital fissure. This is a narrow opening located in the sphenoid bone, between the greater and lesser wings of the bone. It allows the oculomotor nerve, along with other cranial nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue, to pass from the cranial cavity into the orbit. The oculomotor nerve is responsible for controlling the movement of most of the muscles that move the eye, as well as the constriction of the pupil and the accommodation of the lens for near vision.

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  • 41. 

    Taste from the posterior one third of tongue is provided by which of the following nerve?

    • Glossoopharyngeal

    • Facial

    • Vagus

    • Hypoglossal

    Correct Answer
    A. Glossoopharyngeal
    Explanation
    The taste from the posterior one third of the tongue is provided by the Glossoopharyngeal nerve. This nerve is responsible for carrying sensory information from the posterior part of the tongue, as well as from the tonsils and the pharynx. The Facial nerve is responsible for taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, while the Vagus nerve is responsible for taste from the epiglottis and the lower pharynx. The Hypoglossal nerve is responsible for motor control of the muscles of the tongue.

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  • 42. 

    The facial artery gives rise to branches that supply each of the regions listed below except for the:

    • Medial angle of the orbit

    • Submandibular gland

    • Region of the eyebrow

    • Upper lip

    • Lower lip

    Correct Answer
    A. Region of the eyebrow
    Explanation
    The facial artery is a major blood vessel that supplies blood to the face. It gives rise to several branches that supply different regions of the face. The medial angle of the orbit, submandibular gland, upper lip, and lower lip are all supplied by branches of the facial artery. However, the region of the eyebrow is not directly supplied by the facial artery. Instead, it is primarily supplied by branches of the ophthalmic artery, which is a branch of the internal carotid artery.

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  • 43. 

    Which of the following landmarks inficates the level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery

    • Interior border of the thyroid cartilage

    • Arch of the cricord cartilage

    • Superior border of the thyroid cartilage

    • Tip of the lesser thorn of the hyoid bone

    • Interior border of the second cervical vertebra

    Correct Answer
    A. Superior border of the thyroid cartilage
    Explanation
    The superior border of the thyroid cartilage is the correct landmark that indicates the level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. The common carotid artery bifurcates into the internal and external carotid arteries at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage. This landmark is commonly used in clinical practice to locate and assess the carotid artery during procedures such as carotid endarterectomy.

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  • 44. 

    The pyramidal pathway is also called the

    • Reticulospinal

    • Rubrospinal

    • Corticospinal

    • Vestibulospinal

    • All answers are correct

    Correct Answer
    A. Corticospinal
    Explanation
    The pyramidal pathway is also known as the corticospinal pathway. This pathway is responsible for voluntary motor control and is involved in the direct connection between the motor cortex in the brain and the spinal cord. It carries signals from the motor cortex down to the spinal cord, which then controls the movement of muscles throughout the body. The other options mentioned (reticulospinal, rubrospinal, and vestibulospinal) are also pathways involved in motor control, but they are not specifically referred to as the pyramidal pathway.

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  • 45. 

    Which of the following cranialnerves does not contain parasympathetic fibers? 

    • The oculomotor nerve

    • The accessory nerve

    • The vagus nerve

    • The facial nerve

    Correct Answer
    A. The accessory nerve
    Explanation
    The accessory nerve does not contain parasympathetic fibers. The accessory nerve, also known as cranial nerve XI, is responsible for controlling the muscles of the neck and shoulders. It primarily carries motor fibers and does not have parasympathetic functions. Parasympathetic fibers are responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions such as digestion, heart rate, and pupil constriction, which are carried by other cranial nerves such as the oculomotor nerve, the vagus nerve, and the facial nerve.

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  • 46. 

    Superior to the hypothalamus and between the halves of the thalamus is the:

    • Subthalamus

    • Midbrain

    • Superior sagittal sinus

    • Fourth ventricle

    • Third ventricle

    Correct Answer
    A. Third ventricle
    Explanation
    The third ventricle is located superior to the hypothalamus and between the halves of the thalamus. It is one of the fluid-filled cavities in the brain that plays a crucial role in the circulation and production of cerebrospinal fluid. The subthalamus, midbrain, superior sagittal sinus, and fourth ventricle are not positioned in this specific location.

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  • 47. 

    All of the following are true about the dural venous sinuses except:

    • They have valves

    • The cavernous sinus is closely related to the pituitary gland

    • The cavernous sinus has the first two divisions of the trigeminal nerve on the lateral wall

    • The transverse sinus continues as the sigmoid sinus

    • Through the pterygoid plexus, facial infection can spread to the cavernous sinus

    Correct Answer
    A. They have valves
    Explanation
    The dural venous sinuses are a network of veins located between the layers of the dura mater in the brain. They do not have valves, unlike most veins in the body. Valves are structures that prevent the backflow of blood in veins, ensuring that blood flows in one direction. However, the dural venous sinuses lack valves, allowing for bidirectional blood flow and facilitating the drainage of blood from the brain.

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  • 48. 

    Each of the following arteries supply blood to the scalp except the:

    • Facial

    • Occipital

    • Supraorbital

    • Zygomaticotemporal

    • Superficial temporal

    Correct Answer
    A. Facial
    Explanation
    The facial artery does not supply blood to the scalp. It primarily supplies blood to the structures of the face, such as the muscles, skin, and glands. The other arteries listed, including the occipital, supraorbital, zygomaticotemporal, and superficial temporal arteries, all contribute to the blood supply of the scalp.

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  • 49. 

    White fibres that transmit impulses between opposite cerebral hemispheres are called:

    • Association fibres

    • Lamniscus medialis

    • Projection fibres

    • Fornix

    • Commissural fibres

    Correct Answer
    A. Commissural fibres
    Explanation
    Commissural fibers are white fibers that transmit impulses between opposite cerebral hemispheres. These fibers allow communication and coordination between the two hemispheres, enabling them to work together and share information. Association fibers, on the other hand, transmit impulses within the same hemisphere, while projection fibers transmit impulses between the cerebral cortex and other parts of the brain or spinal cord. Lamniscus medialis and Fornix are not related to the transmission of impulses between cerebral hemispheres.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 22, 2023 +

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 22, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Mar 03, 2017
    Quiz Created by
    Catherine Halcomb

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