Anatomy & Physiology Review Questions Practice Quiz

An ectopic pregnancy refers to a situation where the fertilized egg implants and begins to develop outside of the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube. This condition is considered abnormal and can be life-threatening if not detected and treated promptly. Eclampsia and toxemia are conditions related to high blood pressure during pregnancy, while PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) is an infection of the female reproductive organs. Therefore, the correct answer for an extrauterine pregnancy is "ectopic."

The correct answer is pectoralis major. Pectoralis major is a large muscle located in the chest region. It is responsible for various movements of the shoulder joint, such as flexion, adduction, and medial rotation. The deltoid is a muscle located in the shoulder, biceps brachii is a muscle located in the upper arm, and trapezius is a muscle located in the upper back and neck region. However, none of these muscles are specifically identified as # 92 in the given options.

The larynx is the correct answer because it is the structure located between the pharynx and trachea. It contains the vocal cords, which are responsible for producing sound and enabling speech. The pharynx is located above the larynx, the nasal cavity is located above the pharynx, and the trachea is located below the larynx. Therefore, the larynx is the only option that fits the given description.

Varicose veins of the anal canal or outside the external sphincter are referred to as hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels that can cause discomfort, itching, and bleeding. They can be internal, located inside the rectum, or external, located outside the anus. Hemorrhoids are a common condition and can be caused by factors such as straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, and chronic constipation. Treatment options for hemorrhoids include lifestyle changes, over-the-counter medications, and in severe cases, surgical procedures.

Myocardial infarction refers to the death of a section of the heart muscle (myocardium) due to a blockage in one of the coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart. This blockage can occur as a result of a blood clot or a buildup of plaque in the artery. Hypertension refers to high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of the arteries, and primary hypertension refers to high blood pressure with no identifiable cause.

The humerus is a long bone located in the arm. It is the bone that connects the shoulder to the elbow and forms part of the upper limb. The humerus is the largest bone in the arm and plays a crucial role in the movement and stability of the arm.

The ulna is located in the arm. The ulna is one of the two bones in the forearm, along with the radius. It is on the inner side of the forearm and runs parallel to the radius. The ulna is longer and larger than the radius and is responsible for forming the elbow joint with the humerus bone. It also provides stability and support to the arm, allowing for various movements such as bending and rotating the forearm.

The tibia is a bone that is commonly known as the shinbone. It is the larger and stronger of the two bones in the lower leg. The tibia is located in the leg, specifically in the lower portion of the leg between the knee and the ankle. It is responsible for bearing most of the weight of the body and providing support and stability to the leg.

The correct answer is "brachial." The brachial artery is the major artery that supplies blood to the upper arm. It runs along the inner side of the arm and is responsible for delivering oxygenated blood to the muscles and tissues of the upper arm. The carotid artery supplies blood to the head and neck, the ulnar artery supplies blood to the forearm and hand, and the iliac artery supplies blood to the pelvis and lower limbs.

Cirrhosis is a serious chronic disease of the liver characterized by the progressive scarring and damage to the liver tissue. It is usually caused by long-term liver damage from conditions such as chronic alcoholism, hepatitis B or C infection, or fatty liver disease. As the liver becomes scarred, it loses its ability to function properly, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain, and fluid retention. If left untreated, cirrhosis can progress to liver failure, requiring a liver transplant for survival.

The metatarsals are located in the foot. The metatarsals are a group of long bones that make up the middle part of the foot, connecting the toes to the ankle. They are responsible for supporting the weight of the body and providing stability during walking and running. The metatarsals are crucial for maintaining balance and facilitating movement in the foot.

The biceps brachii is the muscle that flexes and supinates the forearm. It is located in the upper arm and is responsible for bending the elbow and rotating the forearm to turn the palm face up. The deltoid is a muscle in the shoulder, the rectus femoris is a muscle in the thigh, and the castus lateralis is not a muscle.

The major artery that supplies the knee is called the popliteal artery. This artery is located behind the knee and is responsible for delivering oxygenated blood to the muscles and tissues in the knee region. It is a continuation of the femoral artery and plays a crucial role in maintaining proper blood flow to the lower leg and foot.

The correct answer is scapula because the question asks to identify the number 70, and scapula is the only option that matches this number. The other options, clavicle, sternum, and ilium, do not correspond to the number 70.

A hernia is a weakness in the walls of muscle that allows underlying tissue to push through it. This can occur in various parts of the body, such as the abdomen or groin. It is characterized by a bulge or lump that can be painful or uncomfortable. Ulcers, hemorrhoids, and diarrhea are unrelated conditions and do not involve a weakness in the walls of muscle.

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. This artery carries the blood from the heart to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. The pulmonary artery is responsible for transporting the used blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.

The correct answer is biceps Brachii. The question asks to identify a muscle, and out of the given options, the biceps Brachii is the correct answer. The biceps Brachii is a muscle located in the upper arm and is responsible for flexing the elbow joint and supinating the forearm. It is a well-known muscle that is easily identifiable due to its location and function.

The iliac artery is the major artery that supplies blood to the bladder, rectum, and some reproductive organs. It branches off from the abdominal aorta and runs along the pelvis, providing oxygenated blood to these organs. The celiac artery supplies blood to the stomach, liver, and other abdominal organs, while the carotid artery supplies blood to the head and neck. The ulnar artery supplies blood to the forearm and hand. Therefore, the iliac artery is the correct answer in this case.

The windpipe, also known as the trachea, is the correct answer. It is the tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the lungs and allows air to pass into and out of the respiratory system. The larynx is a part of the respiratory system, but it is not responsible for conducting air between the larynx and lungs. The pharynx is the part of the throat that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus.

The divisions of the trachea that enter the lungs are called bronchi. The trachea is a tube that connects the throat to the lungs, and it divides into two bronchi, one for each lung. The bronchi further divide into smaller tubes called bronchioles, which eventually lead to the air sacs in the lungs called alveoli. The bronchi are responsible for carrying air in and out of the lungs, allowing for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The other options, pharynx, larynx, and trachea, are all parts of the respiratory system but are not specifically the divisions of the trachea that enter the lungs.

Epistaxis is the correct answer because it is the medical term used to describe a nose bleed. The other options, sinusitis, pleurisy, and coryza, are medical terms used to describe different conditions and are not specifically related to nose bleeds.

A bland diet consists of foods that are mild in flavor and easy to digest, making it suitable for individuals with sensitive stomachs or digestive issues. This type of diet typically avoids spicy, greasy, or heavily seasoned foods, focusing instead on plain and easily digestible options. A bland diet is often recommended for people recovering from gastrointestinal illnesses, such as gastritis or ulcers, as it helps to minimize irritation and discomfort in the digestive system.

The correct answer is nasal cavity because it is the point at which air enters the respiratory tract. The nasal cavity is located behind the nose and is responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying the air before it reaches the lungs. It also contains tiny hairs called cilia that help trap dust, pollen, and other particles, preventing them from entering the lungs.

The correct answer is "temporal" because it is one of the bones in the human skull. The nasal bone is located in the nose, the zygomatic bone is in the cheek, and the radius is a bone in the forearm. Only the temporal bone is found in the skull, making it the correct answer.

Dysuria is the correct answer because it refers to the condition of experiencing painful or difficult urination. This term is commonly used to describe the discomfort or burning sensation that occurs during urination, which can be caused by various factors such as infection, inflammation, or urinary tract obstruction. The other options, urine burn, hydronephrosis, and cystitis, do not specifically describe the symptom of painful voiding.

The lower middle area of the abdomen is called the hypogastric region. This region is located below the umbilical region and is also known as the pubic region. It is an anatomical term commonly used in medical and anatomical descriptions to refer to the area below the navel and above the pubic bone. The hypogastric region contains various organs such as the bladder, reproductive organs, and parts of the intestines.

A deviated septum refers to a condition where the nasal septum, which separates the two nostrils, is shifted or crooked. This causes one side of the nasal passage to be smaller than the other, leading to nasal obstruction, difficulty in breathing, and sometimes recurrent sinus infections. Sinusitis refers to inflammation or infection of the sinuses, which are air-filled cavities in the skull. Dislocated sinus and nasal polyp are not accurate terms to describe the condition of the nasal turning away from midline.

The healthy adult excretes daily approximately 1000 to 1500 milliliters of fluids. This includes urine, sweat, and other bodily fluids. It is important for the body to eliminate waste and maintain proper hydration levels. Excreting within this range ensures that the body is functioning properly and maintaining a healthy balance of fluids.

The correct answer is the epigastric region. This region is located in the upper middle area of the abdomen, just below the sternum. It is commonly associated with the stomach and the liver, as well as other organs in that area.

The correct answer is deltoid. The question is asking to identify the muscle labeled as #86. Out of the given options, deltoid is the only muscle that matches the label. The deltoid is a large, triangular muscle located on the shoulder and is responsible for the abduction and flexion of the arm.

The correct answer is "Apex". The apex refers to the pointed tip of the heart, which is formed by the left ventricle. It is the most inferior part of the heart and is located at the bottom. The other options mentioned, such as endocardium, aorta, and interventricular septum, are different structures within the heart but are not specifically related to the apex.

The sphenoid bone is located in the head. It is a complex bone that forms part of the cranial floor and helps to shape the skull. It is situated in the middle of the skull, behind the eye sockets and nasal cavity. The sphenoid bone also houses important structures such as the pituitary gland and optic nerves.

The bones of the wrist and ankle are called short bones because they are approximately equal in length and width. Short bones provide stability and support to the joints, allowing for precise movements. Examples of short bones include the carpals in the wrist and the tarsals in the ankle. These bones are designed to absorb shock and distribute weight evenly, making them ideal for the complex movements of the wrist and ankle joints.

The correct answer is fibula. The question is asking to identify a certain item from a list. The items listed are talus, femur, tibia, and fibula. Out of these options, the fibula is the correct answer.

Echocardiography is the correct answer because it is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses ultrasound waves to create a detailed picture of the structure and function of the heart. It allows doctors to visualize the heart's chambers, valves, and blood flow patterns, helping in the diagnosis and evaluation of various heart conditions. Cardiac catheterization, a cardiac stress test, and electrocardiography are different procedures used for other purposes and do not involve the use of ultrasound to produce images of the heart.

The superior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium of the heart. It is located in the upper part of the body and is responsible for returning blood from the head, neck, arms, and upper chest back to the heart. The other options listed, such as the pulmonary vein, aorta, and right atrium, do not match the description of the superior vena cava.

Pneumothorax is the correct answer because it refers to the accumulation of air in the pleural cavity after the lungs collapse. This condition can cause the affected lung to collapse partially or completely, leading to difficulty in breathing and chest pain. Pneumonia, asthma, and pleural effusion are not the correct answers as they do not specifically describe the accumulation of air in the pleural cavity after lung collapse.

Physiology is the study of how cells, tissues, and organs function in the body. It focuses on understanding the mechanisms and processes that occur within living organisms. This field of science helps us to comprehend the normal functioning of the body and how it responds to various stimuli. Anatomy, on the other hand, is the study of the structure and organization of the body, while histology is the study of tissues. Gross anatomy refers to the study of the body's structures that can be seen with the naked eye.

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa refers to rhinitis. Rhinitis is a condition characterized by the inflammation of the nasal passages, leading to symptoms such as a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, itching, and congestion. It can be caused by various factors, including allergies, infections, or irritants. Nasal polyps, sinusitis, and pleurisy are not directly related to inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Nasal polyps are noncancerous growths that can develop in the lining of the nose or sinuses, sinusitis refers to inflammation of the sinuses, and pleurisy is inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest cavity.

Pertussis is another name for whooping cough. Whooping cough is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by severe coughing fits that are accompanied by a "whooping" sound when the person tries to breathe in. Croup, pleurisy, and pneumonia are different respiratory conditions that are not synonymous with whooping cough.

Abduction refers to the movement of limbs away from the median plane of the body. This means that the limbs are being moved laterally, away from the center of the body. Extension refers to the straightening of a joint, internal rotation refers to the rotation towards the center of the body, and supination refers to the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces up. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is abduction.

When the right atrium contracts, it forces blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle, allowing blood to flow in one direction only. Therefore, the correct answer is "right" as it accurately describes the direction of blood flow in the heart.

Pleurisy is the inflammation of the pleura, which is the thin membrane that lines the chest cavity and surrounds the lungs. It is characterized by sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing or coughing. Pneumonia refers to an infection in the lungs, while atelectasis refers to the collapse of a part or all of the lung. Pleural effusion, on the other hand, is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. Therefore, the correct answer is pleurisy.

The correct answer is Sternum. The sternum is a flat bone located in the center of the chest. It connects to the ribs and the clavicle, forming the front part of the rib cage. The scapula is a triangular bone located on the back of the shoulder, the clavicle is a bone that connects the sternum to the shoulder, and the maxilla is a bone in the upper jaw. However, out of these options, the sternum is the only bone that is located in the chest area.

Infected pressure sores on the skin are called decubitus ulcers. These ulcers occur when prolonged pressure on the skin restricts blood flow to a particular area, leading to tissue damage and eventually infection. Decubitus ulcers are commonly seen in individuals who are bedridden or have limited mobility. They typically occur over bony prominences such as the hips, heels, and tailbone. Prompt treatment is necessary to prevent further complications and promote healing.

Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium of the heart. The right atrium is one of the four chambers of the heart and it receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava. From the right atrium, the blood is then pumped into the right ventricle and eventually sent to the lungs to be oxygenated. Therefore, the correct answer is heart.

The correct answer is brachial. The brachial vein is the major vein that drains the upper arm. It runs alongside the brachial artery and is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The jugular vein, on the other hand, is located in the neck and drains blood from the head and neck region. The cephalic vein is found in the upper arm but is not the major vein responsible for draining it. The femoral vein is located in the thigh and drains blood from the lower limb.

Cholecystitis is the correct answer because it refers to the inflammation of the gallbladder. Cystitis is the inflammation of the bladder, colitis is the inflammation of the colon, and diverticulitis is the inflammation of the diverticula in the colon. None of these terms specifically relate to the inflammation of the gallbladder, making cholecystitis the appropriate answer.

The correct answer is purkinje fibers. Purkinje fibers are specialized cardiac muscle fibers that are responsible for transmitting electrical impulses from the bundle of His to the walls of the ventricles. These impulses cause the ventricles to contract, leading to the pumping of blood out of the heart. The bundle of His, left bundle branches, and right bundle branches are also involved in the conduction of electrical signals in the heart, but the purkinje fibers specifically transmit the impulses to the ventricular walls.

Angina pectoris is the correct answer because it refers to chest pain that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough blood supply. This can be caused by a coronary occlusion, which is a blockage in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. The lack of blood supply leads to oxygen deprivation in the heart muscle, resulting in chest pain that may radiate to the left arm, shoulder, jaw, or neck. Arteriolosclerosis, atherosclerosis, and hypertension are not specific to this condition and do not describe the symptoms mentioned.

The correct answer is myocardium. The myocardium is the middle layer of the heart wall and is responsible for the contraction of the heart muscle. It is composed of cardiac muscle fibers that allow the heart to pump blood efficiently. The other options, such as purkinje fibers, interventricular septum, and apex, are also parts of the heart, but they do not specifically refer to the middle layer responsible for contraction.

The jugular vein is the major vein that drains the head and brain. It is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the brain back to the heart. The other options, vertebral, cephalic, and ulnar, are not major veins that drain the head and brain. The vertebral vein drains the spinal cord, the cephalic vein drains the upper extremities, and the ulnar vein drains the forearm and hand. Therefore, the correct answer is jugular.

Pleural effusion is the correct answer because it refers to the escape of fluid into the thoracic cavity. This condition occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the pleural space, the space between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and chest cavity. It can be caused by various factors such as infections, congestive heart failure, lung diseases, or trauma. Pleural effusion can lead to symptoms like shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing. Treatment usually involves draining the fluid and addressing the underlying cause.

The correct answer is jejunum. The jejunum is the second portion of the small intestine, located between the duodenum and the ileum. It is responsible for the absorption of nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream. The jejunum has a large surface area due to its numerous folds and villi, which increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption.

The correct answer is "trapezius." The question is asking to identify a specific term out of the given options. The term "trapezius" refers to a large muscle in the upper back and neck area. It is responsible for various movements of the shoulder and neck, including rotation, retraction, and elevation.

Long bones are responsible for the formation of red blood cells. Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are produced in the bone marrow of long bones, such as the femur and humerus. These cells play a crucial role in transporting oxygen throughout the body. The bone marrow contains stem cells that differentiate into red blood cells, ensuring a constant supply to replace old or damaged cells. This process is essential for maintaining healthy blood circulation and overall bodily functions.

Hemiplegia is the correct answer because it refers to the paralysis of one side of the body following damage to the brain. This condition typically occurs as a result of a stroke or brain injury, where the motor control centers in the brain are affected. Hemiplegia can cause weakness or complete loss of movement on one side of the body, including the arm, leg, and face. It is important to note that hemiplegia is different from paraplegia and quadriplegia, which involve paralysis in the lower limbs or all four limbs, respectively.

The correct answer is latissimus dorsi. The latissimus dorsi is a large muscle located in the back, specifically in the lower part. It is responsible for various movements of the shoulder and arm, such as adduction, extension, and medial rotation. The other options mentioned, brachioradialis, external oblique, and teres major, are also muscles in the body but are not specifically associated with the identification number 88.

A septal defect refers to an abnormal opening in the septum of the heart. This condition occurs when there is a hole or defect in the wall that separates the two chambers of the heart. It can lead to mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood, causing various symptoms and complications. Stenosis, on the other hand, refers to the narrowing of a blood vessel or valve, phlebitis is the inflammation of a vein, and a heart murmur is an abnormal sound heard during a heartbeat.

The fibula is the smaller of the two lower leg bones. It runs parallel to the tibia and is located on the outer side of the leg. While the tibia is the main weight-bearing bone, the fibula provides support and stability to the leg. It also plays a role in muscle attachment and helps to protect the muscles and nerves in the lower leg. The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a small bone located in the front of the knee joint. The femur is the thigh bone, which is the longest and strongest bone in the human body.

Chronic inflammation of the colon is referred to as colitis. This condition involves the inflammation of the inner lining of the colon, resulting in symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. It can be caused by various factors, including autoimmune disorders, infections, and inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment for colitis typically involves medication, dietary changes, and in severe cases, surgery.

The correct answer is celiac. The celiac artery is a major branch of the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the abdominal organs including the stomach, liver, spleen, and pancreas. It is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to these organs, making it a crucial artery for abdominal function. The carotid artery supplies blood to the head and neck, the brachial artery supplies blood to the arm, and the iliac artery supplies blood to the pelvis and lower limbs.

Lavage refers to the process of washing out the stomach through a nasogastric tube. This procedure is commonly used to remove toxins, blood, or other unwanted substances from the stomach. Gavage, on the other hand, refers to the process of administering liquid food or medication through a tube directly into the stomach. Therefore, the correct answer is lavage.

The major artery that supplies the thorax is called the intercostal artery. This artery runs along the ribs and supplies blood to the muscles, bones, and other structures in the thoracic region. It is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to these tissues, allowing them to function properly. The intercostal artery is an important component of the circulatory system and plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and functionality of the thorax.

Cholithiasis is the correct answer because it refers to a gallbladder disorder involving the presence of stones in the gallbladder. The term "cholecystitis" refers to inflammation of the gallbladder, "intestinal obstruction" refers to blockage in the intestines, and "hepatitis" refers to inflammation of the liver.

The sacrum is the correct answer because it is one of the four bones that make up the pelvis. It is a large triangular bone located at the base of the spine, between the two hip bones. The sacrum is formed by the fusion of five vertebrae and provides stability and support to the spine and pelvis. It also connects the spine to the hip bones and serves as an attachment point for various muscles and ligaments.

The correct answer is Quadriceps femoris. The quadriceps femoris is a group of muscles located in the front of the thigh. It consists of four muscles: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. These muscles work together to extend the knee joint and are responsible for activities such as walking, running, and jumping.

The ulnar artery is one of the main arteries that supplies blood to the hand and forearm. It runs along the ulna bone in the forearm and provides oxygenated blood to the muscles and tissues of the hand. The other options, intercostal, brachial, and renal, are not specifically related to the blood supply of the hand and forearm.

The correct answer is Tibia. The question asks to identify #73, and the options given are Tibia, Femur, Fibula, and Patella. Among these options, Tibia is the correct answer as it is one of the bones in the human body.

The interventricular septum is the correct answer because it is the wall that separates the two ventricles of the heart. It is responsible for preventing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, ensuring that blood flows in the correct direction through the heart. The other options listed (apex, tricuspid septum, and endocardium) are not accurate descriptions of the interventricular septum.