A Quiz About Anti Hypertensive Drugs

1.

Commonly used antihypertensive drugs? List out 5 major types.

Explanation
The commonly used antihypertensive drugs include ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin antagonists, Beta-blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Diuretics, and Extras. These drugs are used to lower blood pressure and are prescribed to patients with hypertension or high blood pressure. ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin antagonists work by relaxing blood vessels, Beta-blockers reduce the heart rate and force of contraction, Calcium channel blockers relax blood vessels and decrease the heart's workload, Diuretics help the body eliminate excess sodium and water, and Extras may include other types of antihypertensive medications or alternative treatments.

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2.

Name 3 drugs of ACE Inbitors?

Explanation
These three drugs, namely Captopril, Enalapril, and Perindopril, are all examples of ACE inhibitors. ACE inhibitors are a class of medications commonly used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. They work by blocking the action of an enzyme called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is responsible for narrowing blood vessels. By inhibiting ACE, these drugs help relax and widen the blood vessels, leading to lower blood pressure and improved blood flow. Each of these drugs has its own specific dosage, side effects, and considerations, but they all belong to the same class of ACE inhibitors.

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3.

Adverse effects of ACE Inhibitors?1.2.

Explanation
ACE inhibitors are a class of medications commonly used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. One of the potential adverse effects of ACE inhibitors is hypotension, which refers to low blood pressure. This can cause symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting. Another adverse effect of ACE inhibitors is hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood. This can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, palpitations, and abnormal heart rhythms. Therefore, both hypotension and hyperkalemia are potential adverse effects of ACE inhibitors.

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4.

Name 3 drugs of Angiotensin Antagonists?

Explanation
Inhibit angiotensin induced vasoconstriction and aldosterone, vasodilation will happen and thus lower total peripheral resistance. This increase sodium and water excretion.

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5.

Name 2 example of B- blockers.

Explanation
propanolol - non selective
atenolol - B1 selective antag

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6.

B- blockers adverse effects.1.2.3.4.

Explanation
The given answer lists the adverse effects of B-blockers, which include bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, depression, and masking hypoglycemia. B-blockers are a class of medications that are commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension and angina. However, they can also cause these side effects. Bronchoconstriction refers to the narrowing of the airways in the lungs, which can lead to difficulty breathing. Bradycardia is a slower than normal heart rate, which can cause fatigue and dizziness. Depression is a mood disorder characterized by feelings of sadness and loss of interest. Masking hypoglycemia refers to the ability of B-blockers to hide the symptoms of low blood sugar, making it difficult for individuals with diabetes to recognize and treat this condition.

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7.

Give two example of Calcium antagonists.

Explanation
Verapamil - good for cardiac effects by reducing HR
Amlodipine- poor cardiac effects, increase HR as result of reflex

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8.

Adverse effects of thiazides? Metabolism Syndrome

Explanation
Thiazides are a type of diuretic medication commonly used to treat hypertension and edema. One of the adverse effects of thiazides is hypokalaemia, which refers to low levels of potassium in the blood. This can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and irregular heartbeat. Hyperuricaemia, another adverse effect, is an increased level of uric acid in the blood, which can cause gout, a painful form of arthritis. Thiazides can also cause hypercholesterolemia, high levels of cholesterol in the blood, and hyperglycemia, high blood sugar levels, which can be problematic for individuals with diabetes or prediabetes.

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9.

Hyperkalaemia is result of combination of two drugs. which are them?

Explanation
Hyperkalaemia is a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood. It can be caused by a combination of two drugs, ACE inhibitors and potassium sparing diuretics. ACE inhibitors are commonly used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure, but they can also increase potassium levels in the blood. Potassium sparing diuretics, on the other hand, are medications that help the body get rid of excess fluid but can also lead to an accumulation of potassium. Therefore, the combination of these two drugs can result in hyperkalaemia.

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10.

Risk of heart block is increased by the combination of two drugs. What are them?

Explanation
The combination of verapamil and a beta-blocker increases the risk of heart block. Heart block is a condition where the electrical signals in the heart are delayed or blocked, leading to an abnormal heart rhythm. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that slows down the electrical conduction in the heart, while beta-blockers also slow down the heart rate and can further disrupt the electrical signals. Therefore, when these two drugs are combined, the risk of heart block is increased.

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11.

Which antihypertensives might you avoid in gout?

Explanation
Thiazides and loop diuretics are antihypertensive medications that may need to be avoided in patients with gout. This is because these medications can increase the levels of uric acid in the body, which can worsen gout symptoms. Uric acid is a waste product that can accumulate and form crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. Therefore, avoiding thiazides and loop diuretics can help prevent gout flares in patients with hypertension.

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12.

What antihypertensives might you avoid in hypercholesteraemia?

Explanation
Thiazides are a type of antihypertensive medication that can increase cholesterol levels in some individuals. Therefore, in patients with hypercholesterolemia, it is advisable to avoid thiazides as they may further elevate cholesterol levels.

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13.

Name the drug that contraindicate with Viagra?

A.

Glyceryl Trinitrate
B.

Atenolol
C.

Losartan
D.

Frusemide
E.

Captopril

Correct Answer
A. Glyceryl Trinitrate

Explanation
Glyceryl Trinitrate is contraindicated with Viagra. This is because both drugs work to lower blood pressure, and taking them together can cause a severe drop in blood pressure, leading to dizziness, fainting, or even a heart attack. Therefore, it is important to avoid using Glyceryl Trinitrate while taking Viagra to prevent any potential complications.

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14.

Name the drug that contraindicate with digoxin?

A.

Glyceryl Trinitrate
B.

Atenolol
C.

Losartan
D.

Frusemide
E.

Captopril

Correct Answer
D. Frusemide

Explanation
Frusemide is the correct answer because it is a loop diuretic that can cause electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia, which can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity. Digoxin is a medication used to treat heart failure and certain heart rhythm problems, and it works by increasing the force of contractions in the heart.

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15.

Which one will cause heart failure when combined with verapamil?

A.

Captopril
B.

Atenolol
C.

Frusemide
D.

Candesartan
E.

Aliskiren

Correct Answer
B. Atenolol

Explanation
When combined with verapamil, atenolol can cause heart failure. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that slows down the heart rate and relaxes blood vessels. Atenolol is a beta-blocker that also slows down the heart rate and reduces blood pressure. When these two medications are combined, they can have an additive effect on slowing down the heart rate and reducing cardiac output, which can lead to heart failure. It is important to monitor patients closely when these medications are used together.

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16.

Which drug will lower BP by inhibiting Angiotension 2 at end organ?

A.

Captopril
B.

Frusemide
C.

Propanolol
D.

Irbesartan
E.

Prazoxin

Correct Answer
D. Irbesartan

Explanation
Irbesartan is the correct answer because it is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. It works by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict, leading to increased blood pressure. By inhibiting angiotensin II at the end organ, irbesartan helps to lower blood pressure. Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, not an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Frusemide is a loop diuretic, Propanolol is a beta-blocker, and Prazosin is an alpha-1 blocker, which do not directly inhibit angiotensin II at the end organ.

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17.

Name the drug that will result in depression and lethargy.

Correct Answer
Clonidine

Explanation
Clonidine is a medication that acts as a central alpha-2 adrenergic agonist. It is commonly prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, one of the side effects of Clonidine is depression and lethargy. This is because Clonidine can affect the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as norepinephrine, which are involved in regulating mood and energy levels. Therefore, taking Clonidine may result in feelings of sadness, low motivation, and a lack of energy.

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