APUSH 1st Semester Exam!

The economic concept being described in the question is mercantilism. Mercantilism is the belief that the world has limited resources and countries should accumulate as much wealth as possible in order to become more powerful. This concept led to extensive colonization as countries sought to control and exploit resources in other parts of the world. According to mercantilism, the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital.

The correct answer is the Great Awakening. The Great Awakening was a massive wave of religious revival that occurred in the British colonies of North America during the mid-18th century. It emphasized individuality and may have played a role in sparking the fervor for revolution.

John Winthrop is most associated with the phrase "city upon a hill." He used this phrase in a sermon delivered in 1630 to describe the vision of the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a model Christian community that would be a shining example to the world. Winthrop believed that the success of the colony would depend on their adherence to their religious principles and that their actions would be watched by others. This phrase has since become a symbol of American exceptionalism and has been referenced by many politicians and leaders throughout history.

The Erie Canal was the first man-made canal in the US. It played a significant role in stimulating large-scale canal construction and connected the eastern and western parts of the country. The construction of the Erie Canal began in 1817 and was completed in 1825. It allowed for the transportation of goods and people between the Great Lakes region and the Atlantic Ocean, revolutionizing trade and transportation in the US.

The Federalist Papers were a collection of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. They were written in response to the bitter disputes and debates that were occurring in the state of New York regarding the ratification of the United States Constitution. These essays were intended to persuade New Yorkers to support the Constitution and were influential in shaping public opinion and ultimately leading to the ratification of the Constitution.

Marbury vs Madison is the correct answer because this landmark case established the doctrine of judicial review. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to declare laws made in Congress unconstitutional. This decision solidified the Court's role as the ultimate arbiter of the constitutionality of laws and became a cornerstone of American constitutional law.

The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions were composed by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts. These acts were passed by the Federalist-controlled Congress in 1798 and aimed to limit the influence of immigrants and restrict freedom of speech and press. Jefferson and Madison believed that these acts violated the principles of the Constitution and encroached upon the rights of states. The resolutions asserted that states had the power to nullify unconstitutional federal laws, thus asserting the principle of states' rights.

The Black codes were laws enacted in the Southern states after the Civil War to restrict the rights and freedoms of African Americans. They aimed to maintain white dominance and control over the newly freed slaves. The Black codes included various provisions such as forbidding blacks from sitting on juries, limiting their right to testify against white men, forbidding them from carrying weapons in public places, and forbidding them from working in certain occupations. However, the Black codes did not allow African Americans to vote, as voting rights were still denied to them during this time.

The individual colonies rejected BF's plan for colonial home rule because they felt that it did not provide them with sufficient independence. The plan may have been seen as limiting their autonomy and not granting them the level of self-governance they desired. This lack of perceived independence could have been a major factor in the rejection of the plan by the colonies.

The correct answer is Hudson River School. The Hudson River School was a mid-19th century American art movement that focused on landscapes and natural scenery, particularly in the Hudson River Valley and surrounding areas. The artists associated with this school sought to depict the awe-inspiring beauty of the American wilderness and promote a sense of national identity. They often emphasized the sublime and the spiritual aspects of nature in their paintings.

Andrew Jackson differed from all the presidents who preceded him because he hailed from the west. This means that he was the first president to come from a western state, which was a significant departure from the previous presidents who primarily came from the eastern states. Jackson's western background brought a different perspective and set of experiences to the presidency, allowing him to connect with and represent the interests of the western frontier in a unique way.

During William Henry Harrison's presidential campaign, he was made to look like a poor western farmer. This was likely done to appeal to the common people and portray Harrison as a relatable candidate. By presenting him as a farmer, it suggested that he understood the struggles and concerns of the working class. This strategy aimed to gain support from the majority of voters who were farmers or had ties to agriculture in the western regions of the United States.

James Madison is considered the father of the Constitution because he played a crucial role in drafting and promoting the document. He was one of the main authors of the Constitution and was instrumental in shaping its content and structure. Madison's contributions include his role in the Virginia Plan, his advocacy for a strong central government, and his efforts to secure ratification of the Constitution through the Federalist Papers. His extensive knowledge of political theory and his dedication to creating a balanced and effective government make him the most fitting choice for the title of the father of the Constitution.

Thaddeus Stephens was the leader of the Radical Republicans during Reconstruction. He was a prominent politician and a fierce advocate for civil rights and equality. Stephens played a crucial role in shaping the Reconstruction policies and pushing for the rights of freed slaves. He believed in a more radical approach to Reconstruction, which included harsh punishments for the Southern states and strong protections for African Americans. His leadership and influence within the Republican Party made him a key figure in the fight for racial equality during this period.

The main goals of the Albany Congress of 1754 were to promote colonial unity and secure the allegiance of the Iroquois Confederation. The Congress was called in order to address the ongoing conflicts between the British colonies and the Native American tribes, particularly the Iroquois. The delegates at the Congress aimed to establish a unified front among the colonies and negotiate a treaty with the Iroquois to secure their support in the conflicts with the French. The Congress also discussed the idea of a colonial union, although this goal was not fully achieved at the time.

After 1763, the British Imperial Systems threatened various groups. Boston Smugglers were threatened because the British were cracking down on smuggling activities in the American colonies. Farmers wanting to settle in the Ohio River valley were threatened because the British imposed restrictions on westward expansion, limiting their ability to acquire and settle on new land. Newspaper editors and lawyers were threatened because the British implemented censorship and restrictions on freedom of the press and speech. Land speculators with interests west of the Appalachians were threatened because the British imposed regulations and limitations on land ownership and speculation.

The "new Imperial policy" of England was a product of multiple factors. Firstly, the ascension of George III to the throne played a significant role in shaping this policy. As a new monarch, George III sought to assert his authority and strengthen the British Empire. Additionally, the development of American colonies' governments influenced the policy, as England aimed to exert more control over its colonies. The debt incurred from the French and Indian war also played a role, as England sought to find ways to alleviate this financial burden. Lastly, the necessity to revisit the benefits of mercantilism, the economic system that favored the mother country, contributed to the formulation of the new Imperial policy.