1.
We
are now fixing a national consolidation.
Correct Answer
B. Anti-Federalist
2.
The
absurdity must continually stare us in the face of confiding to a government
the direction of the most essential national interests, without
daring to trust to it
the authorities which are indispensable to their proper and efficient
management.
Correct Answer
A. Federalist
Explanation
The given text suggests that it is absurd to entrust the government with the direction of essential national interests without giving it the necessary authorities for proper and efficient management. This aligns with the beliefs of the Federalists, who advocated for a strong central government with broad powers. The Federalists argued that a strong government was necessary to effectively manage the country's affairs and protect its interests. The Anti-Federalists, on the other hand, were skeptical of a strong central government and believed in more power being retained by the states.
3.
States
are the characteristics and the soul of a confederation. If the
states be not
the agents of this compact, it must be one great consolidated
National Government of the
people of all the States.
Correct Answer
A. F
Explanation
The statement "States are the characteristics and the soul of a confederation" suggests that states play a crucial role in a confederation. It implies that the power and identity of a confederation lie within its individual states. If the states are not the agents of the compact, it implies that the power and authority of the confederation would be centralized in a national government, which goes against the principles of a confederation. Therefore, the correct answer is F, indicating that the statement is true.
4.
A
federal government …ought to be clothed with all the powers
requisite to
complete
execution of its trust.
Correct Answer
A. F
Explanation
The correct answer is F. The passage suggests that the federal government should have all the necessary powers to fully carry out its responsibilities.
5.
I
am against inserting a declaration of rights in the Constitution …if
such an
addition
is not dangerous, it is at least unnecessary.
Correct Answer
A. F
Explanation
The statement in the question suggests that the speaker is against including a declaration of rights in the Constitution. They argue that such an addition is either dangerous or unnecessary. The correct answer is F, which implies that the speaker is in favor of including a declaration of rights in the Constitution. This contradicts the speaker's statement, indicating that the answer is correct.
6.
Energy
in the executive is a leading character in the definition of good
government.
Correct Answer
A. F
Explanation
The given statement is false. The energy in the executive is not a leading character in the definition of good government. While energy and efficiency in the executive branch are important, they are not the sole determining factors of good government. Other factors such as transparency, accountability, fairness, and the protection of individual rights also play a crucial role in defining good government.
7.
The
number of the representatives [called in for the Constitution of
1787]
appears
to be too few, either to communicate the requisite information of the
wants, local
circumstances,
and sentiments of so extensive an empire, or to prevent corruption
and
undue
influence in the exigencies of such great powers.
Correct Answer
B. AF
Explanation
The given passage suggests that the number of representatives called in for the Constitution of 1787 was too few. This is because they were unable to effectively communicate the necessary information about the needs, local conditions, and sentiments of such a large empire. Additionally, the small number of representatives made it easier for corruption and undue influence to occur in times of significant power and decision-making.
8.
This
country should never be split into a number of unsocial, jealous, and
alien
sovereignties.
Correct Answer
A. F
Explanation
The statement suggests that the country should remain united and not be divided into multiple separate and hostile sovereignties. The correct answer is F, indicating that the statement is false. This implies that there may be valid reasons or circumstances where splitting the country into different sovereignties could be beneficial or necessary, despite the concerns of social division, jealousy, and alienation.
9.
The
vigor [strength] of government is essential to the security of
liberty
Correct Answer
A. F
Explanation
The statement implies that a strong government is necessary for the protection of liberty. This suggests that without a strong government, there may be a lack of security and potential threats to individual freedoms.
10.
If
a majority be united by a common interest, the rights of the minority
will
be
insecure …in a society under the forms of which the stronger
faction can readily unite
and
oppress the weaker, anarchy may as truly be said to reign as in a
state of nature
where
the weaker individual is not secured against the violence of the
stronger.
Correct Answer
B. AF
Explanation
The given correct answer is AF. The passage suggests that when a majority is united by a common interest, the rights of the minority will be insecure. It also states that in a society where a stronger faction can easily unite and oppress the weaker, anarchy may prevail. Therefore, the statement AF aligns with the idea presented in the passage.
11.
The
states should have laws, courts, force, and revenues of their own
sufficient
for their own security; they ought to be fit to keep house alone if
necessary; if
this
be not the case, or so far as it ceases to be so it is a departure
from a federal to a
consolidated
government.
Correct Answer
B. AF
Explanation
The given answer "AF" is the correct answer because it accurately represents the main idea of the passage. The passage argues that states should have their own laws, courts, force, and revenues in order to ensure their own security. It emphasizes the importance of states being self-sufficient and capable of governing themselves without relying heavily on a centralized government. Therefore, any departure from this principle would result in a shift from a federal to a consolidated government.
12.
A
bill of rights …serves to secure the minority against the
usurpation and
tyranny
of the majority.
Correct Answer
B. AF
Explanation
The statement suggests that a bill of rights is necessary to protect the rights of the minority from being violated or oppressed by the majority. It implies that without a bill of rights, the majority may have the power to dominate and oppress the minority, and a bill of rights serves as a safeguard against this potential tyranny.
13.
In
our case, the concurrence of thirteen distinct sovereign wills is
requisite
under
the Confederation to the complete execution of every important
measure that
preceeds[sic]
from the Union. It has happened as was to have been foreseen. The
measures
of the Union have not been executed; and the delinquencies of the
States have
step
by step matured themselves to an extreme, which has, at length,
arrested all the
wheels
of the national government and brought them to an awful stand.
Correct Answer
A. F
Explanation
The passage states that the concurrence of thirteen distinct sovereign wills is required under the Confederation for the complete execution of important measures. It further explains that the measures of the Union have not been executed and the delinquencies of the states have led to a standstill in the national government. Therefore, the correct answer, which is F, is likely referring to the fact that the delinquencies of the states have caused the national government to come to a halt.
14.
The
…new form of government …declares a consolidation or union of all
the
thirteen parts, or states, into one great whole …it is an intuitive
truth that a
consolidated
republican form of government [will lead] …into a monarchy, either
limited
or
despotic.
Correct Answer
B. AF
Explanation
The given correct answer is AF. This can be inferred from the statement that a consolidated republican form of government will lead to a monarchy, either limited or despotic. Therefore, the new form of government that declares a consolidation or union of all the thirteen parts or states into one great whole is likely to result in a monarchy.
15.
…one
government …never can extend equal benefits to all parts of the
United
States. Different laws, customs, and opinions exist in the different
states, which
by
a uniform system of laws would be unreasonably invaded.
Correct Answer
B. AF
Explanation
The given answer "AF" suggests that the statement is false. The passage states that a uniform system of laws would unreasonably invade the different laws, customs, and opinions that exist in the different states. This implies that the government cannot extend equal benefits to all parts of the United States because of these differences. Therefore, the statement is correct.