Autonomic Nervous System Quiz

Explanation
The brain is not part of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, which regulate involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing. The brain, on the other hand, is the central organ of the nervous system responsible for processing information, controlling voluntary movements, and coordinating bodily functions. Therefore, the statement that the brain is part of the autonomic nervous system is false.

Explanation
The correct answer is Preganglionic and Postganglionic. In the Autonomic Nervous System, the neurons are divided into two pathways: the preganglionic and postganglionic pathways. The preganglionic neurons originate in the central nervous system and synapse with the postganglionic neurons in ganglia outside the central nervous system. The postganglionic neurons then innervate the target organs. This division of neurons is important for the regulation of involuntary bodily functions.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Adrenaline" because the adrenals, also known as the adrenal glands, are responsible for producing and releasing adrenaline. Adrenaline is a hormone that is released during times of stress or excitement, and it helps to prepare the body for a "fight or flight" response. It increases heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels, and it also helps to improve focus and alertness. Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that helps to regulate appetite and energy balance, and flipase is not a hormone produced by the adrenals or any other part of the body.

Explanation
The same nerve cannot carry both sympathetic and parasympathetic signals. Sympathetic and parasympathetic signals are carried by different nerves in the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic signals are transmitted through the sympathetic nerves, while parasympathetic signals are transmitted through the parasympathetic nerves. These two divisions of the autonomic nervous system have different functions and act on different target organs. Therefore, the statement that the same nerve can carry both sympathetic and parasympathetic signals is false.

Explanation
Chromaffin cells are a type of neuroendocrine cell found in the adrenal medulla. These cells produce and release hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are important for the body's response to stress. The adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys, consist of two parts: the outer adrenal cortex and the inner adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla is where chromaffin cells reside, making the correct answer "Adrenals."