Bacteria Of Medical Importance (Advanced)

Gonorrhea is caused by a Gram - bacteria called Neisseria Gonorrheae. This bacterium is responsible for the symptoms of pain when urinating and infertility in men, as well as bleeding and pain when urinating in women. Bartonella and Shigela are not associated with causing gonorrhea.

Clostridium botulinum is the correct answer because it is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes botulism, a fatal disease transmitted through spores found in contaminated food. Mycobacterium leprae is the bacterium responsible for leprosy, not botulism. Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes various infections, but it is not associated with botulism.

Pneumococcal, meningitis, and pneumonia are all caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory infections, including pneumonia, and can also lead to meningitis when it spreads to the brain. This bacterium is responsible for a range of illnesses and can cause serious complications, particularly in vulnerable populations such as young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that is known to cause peptic ulcers in humans. These ulcers can occur in the stomach or the duodenum. Additionally, long-term infection with H. pylori has been linked to an increased risk of developing stomach cancer. Therefore, the statement that H. pylori can cause peptic ulcers and stomach cancer in humans is true.

Mycobacterium Leprae causes the disease known as leprosy. Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and mucous membranes. It is characterized by the formation of skin lesions, nerve damage, and loss of sensation. The bacteria primarily target the cooler parts of the body, such as the skin, nose, and extremities. If left untreated, leprosy can lead to severe disabilities and deformities.

Streptococcus Pyogenes is the correct answer because it is a bacteria that is Beta haemolytic (clear halo) and causes Pharyngitis. Additionally, one of the symptoms of a Streptococcus Pyogenes infection is a throat infection caused by toxins associated with scarlet fever.

Typhoid fever is caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi. This disease is spread through the presence of contaminated feces, typically from poor sanitation practices. If left untreated, typhoid fever can be fatal. Common symptoms include diarrhea and stomach ulcers. Therefore, Salmonella typhi is the correct answer as it is the specific bacteria responsible for causing typhoid fever.

Enterococcus faecalis is the correct answer because it is a non-haemolytic bacterium that is commonly found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It is also known to cause nosocomial infections, which are infections that are acquired in a hospital setting. Mycobacterium Leprae is the bacterium that causes leprosy, and Streptococcus Pyogenes is a bacterium that causes strep throat and other infections, but neither of them fit the description given in the question.

Mycobacterium leprae can be identified through an acid-fast test. This test involves staining the bacteria with a special dye called Ziehl-Neelsen stain, which allows the bacteria to retain the dye even after being washed with acid. The stained bacteria appear as red rods under a microscope, indicating the presence of Mycobacterium leprae. This test is commonly used to diagnose leprosy, as the bacteria are known to be acid-fast. The other options, coagulase test and non-haemolytic, are not relevant for identifying Mycobacterium leprae.

Neisseria meningitides is the correct answer because it is a Gram-negative bacillus bacteria that causes meningitis. Meningitis is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, fever, and headaches, and in severe cases, it can lead to coma or death. Pseudomonas and Vibrio are not typically associated with causing meningitis.

The statement "It is always pathogenic" is not true about E. Coli. While some strains of E. Coli can cause diseases such as diarrhea and serious food-borne illnesses, not all strains are pathogenic. In fact, many strains of E. Coli are harmless and are part of the normal flora in the human intestinal tract.

Yersinia pestis is the correct answer. Yersinia pestis is the bacteria that was carried by fleas and the rodents they lived on in Medieval Europe. This bacteria is responsible for causing the Black Plague, a deadly disease that killed millions of people.

Staphylococcus appears as a grape-like structure under a microscope. This is because Staphylococcus bacteria are arranged in clusters, resembling a bunch of grapes. The individual bacteria cells are round in shape, known as cocci. This arrangement is characteristic of Staphylococcus and helps in its identification under a microscope.

Vibrio is the correct answer because it is a Gram-negative bacteria that is known to cause cholera, which is characterized by profuse watery diarrhea. Brucella and Shigella are also Gram-negative bacteria, but they do not cause cholera.

The correct answer is Bordetella. Bordetella bacteria are Gram-negative cocobacillus bacteria with flagella that cause the Whooping Cough, also known as Pertussis. This disease has symptoms similar to those of the common cold.

Gram-positive Bacillus bacteria are known to produce endospores. Endospores are a dormant, tough, and resistant form of the bacterial cell that can survive harsh conditions such as heat, radiation, and chemicals. This ability allows the bacteria to survive unfavorable environments and facilitates their spread and persistence. Therefore, the statement "Gram + Bacillus produce endospores" is true.

Rickettsia is a type of bacteria that can be transmitted to humans through bites from lice, ticks, or fleas. When infected, it can cause a disease known as spotted fever. This disease is characterized by damage to the permeability of blood vessels, leading to a red rash. Therefore, the correct answer is spotted fever.

The correct answer is Borrelia burgdorferi. Lyme disease is caused by this bacteria, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks. The bacteria can cause symptoms such as fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash known as erythema migrans. If left untreated, Lyme disease can lead to more severe symptoms affecting the joints, heart, and nervous system.

The Acid Fast test is used to identify bacteria that have a waxy cell wall, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Staphylococcus Aureus does not have a waxy cell wall, so the Acid Fast test would not be effective in identifying it. The Catalase Test and Coagulase Test are both commonly used to identify Staphylococcus Aureus.

Pseudomonas is a correct answer because it is a type of aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria that can be found in soaps and antiseptics in hospitals. It is a common cause of infections in healthcare settings and can be resistant to many antibiotics.

The correct answer is "It is Gram -." This means that the statement "C. Tetani is Gram -" is false. The other two statements are true: C. Tetani causes tetanus, which inhibits muscle contraction, and it is Gram +, indicating that it retains the crystal violet stain in the Gram staining process.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is classified as alpha-hemolytic, which means it partially breaks down red blood cells, resulting in a green halo around the colonies on blood agar plates. This is in contrast to beta-hemolytic bacteria, which completely break down red blood cells and create a clear halo. Therefore, the correct answer is "Yes. Alpha hemolytic (green halo)."

The correct answer is False. Clostridium perfringens is Gram-positive, meaning it retains the crystal violet stain in the Gram staining process. It is a spore-forming bacterium that can cause gangrene, a condition characterized by the death and decay of body tissues.

The given answer states that Clostridium bacteria are not very virulent. However, this is incorrect as Clostridium bacteria are known to be highly virulent and can cause severe infections in humans and animals. They produce toxins that can cause diseases such as tetanus, botulism, and gas gangrene. Therefore, the correct answer should be "They are not very virulent."

The given statement that Brucella bacteria causes Yellow Fever is false. Brucella bacteria are Gram-negative coccobacilli that cause a disease known as Malta Fever. This disease is characterized by symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, night sweats, and loss of appetite. However, Yellow Fever is caused by a different virus transmitted by mosquitoes and is not associated with Brucella bacteria.

Lactobacillus is a Gram + bacteria that is naturally found in the vagina. It creates an acidic environment in the vaginal tract, which helps in fighting off the growth of harmful bacteria. This acidic environment is essential for maintaining the balance of the vaginal microbiota and preventing infections.

Syphilis is a disease caused by the Spirochaete bacteria. It is characterized by damage to internal organs, difficulty coordinating movement, paralysis, numbness, and gradual blindness. Lyme disease is caused by a different bacteria and tuberculosis is caused by a different pathogen, so they are not the correct answers for this question.

Enterobacteria are a group of bacteria that are facultative anaerobes, meaning they can survive with or without oxygen. They are Gram-negative bacilli, which refers to their cell wall structure. Enterobacteria are commonly found in the intestinal tracts of animals and humans, where they play important roles in digestion. However, they are known for their resistance to antibiotics, making them not susceptible to these drugs.

Bartonella is a Gram - cocobacillus, which means it is a type of bacteria that does not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram stain technique. It is known to cause cat-scratch disease, which is characterized by symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, fever, headache, and fatigue. Additionally, almost half of all cats are carriers of the bacteria. However, the statement that it causes the bartonella fever with severe cough and sweating is false.

Red blisters are not a symptom of Staphylococcus Aureus. Staphylococcus Aureus is a bacterium that can cause various infections in the body, including skin infections. Symptoms of Staphylococcus Aureus infections may include pimples, which are small inflamed bumps on the skin, and dermatitis, which is inflammation of the skin. However, red blisters are not commonly associated with Staphylococcus Aureus infections.

Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacillus, so the statement "It is Gram +" is true. This bacterium is known to contaminate food and cause food poisoning outbreaks. It is also capable of surviving inside phagocytic cells and cold temperatures. Therefore, the correct answer is that all the statements are true, and none of them are not true.