Bergen Asta- Online Quiz

ECA (Electro chemical Activation) is the technology used in Oxum spray. This technology involves the use of electrical currents to activate and enhance the properties of water, making it more effective for various applications. It is commonly used in agriculture, water treatment, and disinfection processes.

The correct answer is "Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) 0.006% and Oxidised water (99.97%) per 100 ml". This is because the question asks for the composition of New Oxum spray per 100 ml. This option provides the specified concentration of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and oxidized water (99.97%) per 100 ml. The other options either have different concentrations or different quantities (per 200 ml instead of per 100 ml).

The correct answer is "All of the above" because Oxum offers a spectrum of action against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This means that Oxum is effective in combating all three types of microorganisms, making it a versatile solution for various infections caused by these pathogens.

Doxylamine has several drawbacks compared to Ondem. Firstly, it has a slow action, meaning it may take longer to produce the desired effects. Secondly, Doxylamine is non-selective and acts on histamine, which may lead to unwanted side effects or interactions with other medications. Lastly, Doxylamine is associated with drowsiness and sedation, which can be inconvenient or even dangerous in certain situations. Therefore, all of the given statements are correct and highlight the drawbacks of Doxylamine compared to Ondem.

Teratogenicity refers to the ability of a drug to cause birth defects when taken by a pregnant woman. This means that if a pregnant woman consumes a drug with teratogenic effects, it can lead to abnormalities or malformations in the developing fetus. It is important for pregnant women to be cautious about the medications they take to avoid any potential harm to the baby. The other options, such as toxic effects on hearing or liver, do not accurately define teratogenicity.

Ondansetron is a selective 5 HT3 receptor antagonist. This means that it specifically targets and blocks the 5 HT3 receptors, which are serotonin receptors found in the central and peripheral nervous systems. By blocking these receptors, ondansetron helps to prevent nausea and vomiting, particularly those caused by chemotherapy or surgery. It does not have any significant effect on dopamine receptors, making option c incorrect. Option a, non-selective 5 HT3 receptor antagonist, is also incorrect as ondansetron specifically targets the 5 HT3 receptors. Therefore, the correct answer is option b, selective 5 HT3 receptor antagonist.

Angiogenesis refers to the process of forming new capillaries. It is a natural process that occurs in the body to support the growth and development of tissues. Angiogenesis is essential for wound healing, tissue repair, and the formation of new blood vessels in diseases such as cancer. It does not involve an increase in angina or the generation of angina, making the correct answer "Formation of new capillaries."

Mannitol is the disintegrating agent that makes Ondem tablets instant mouth dissolving tablets. Mannitol is a sugar alcohol that has the ability to rapidly dissolve when it comes into contact with saliva. This property allows the tablet to disintegrate quickly in the mouth, making it easier to swallow without the need for water.

The correct answer is "Both a & c." Vitamin K2-7 in Gemcal DS functions by carboxylating osteocalcin, which helps in putting calcium in bones. It also carboxylates MATRIX GLA protein, which prevents calcification in blood vessels. Therefore, both options a and c are correct.

NaOCl, also known as sodium hypochlorite, is a chemical compound commonly used as a disinfectant and bleaching agent. It is not known to directly act as a catalyst for phagocytosis or haemostasis. However, studies have shown that NaOCl can promote angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels. This is likely due to its ability to induce the release of growth factors and stimulate endothelial cell proliferation. Therefore, the correct answer is angiogenesis.

The correct answer is "All of the above". This means that Oxum is safe to use in humans because it is non cytotoxic, non-Hepatotoxic, non-Nephrotoxic, non-irritating, and not contraindicated in pregnancy or in children.

The correct answer is "Helps to produce EPS." EPS stands for extrapyramidal symptoms, which are movement disorders that can be caused by certain medications. Ondem is a medication used to treat nausea and vomiting, and it is not expected to cause EPS. Therefore, "Helps to produce EPS" is not a unique selling point (USP) of Ondem.

The normal calcium concentration in blood is 9-11 mg/100 ml. This range is considered optimal for maintaining various physiological functions in the body. Calcium plays a crucial role in bone health, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting. Deviations from this range can indicate certain medical conditions such as hypercalcemia (high calcium levels) or hypocalcemia (low calcium levels). Therefore, it is important to maintain the appropriate calcium concentration in the blood to ensure proper bodily functions.

During pregnancy and lactation, a woman's calcium requirements increase to support the development of the baby's bones and teeth. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of calcium for pregnant and lactating women is 1200-1500 mg per day. This range ensures that both the mother and the baby receive adequate calcium for healthy bone growth and maintenance. Consuming enough calcium-rich foods or taking calcium supplements can help meet these increased requirements during this important stage of life.

The correct answer is 0.15mg/kg/dose. This means that the recommended dose of Ondansetron for paediatric patients is 0.15 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per dose. This dosage is commonly used to prevent nausea and vomiting in children.

The correct answer is "All of the above." Gemcal DS, which contains 500mg of elemental calcium, provides all of the mentioned benefits, including faster callus formation and bone healing, improving muscle strength and gait, and promoting myocyte proliferation and differentiation.

During phagocytosis, immune cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a part of the oxidative burst to kill pathogens. HOCl, which stands for hypochlorous acid, is one of the main ROS produced during this process. It is a powerful oxidizing agent that can destroy bacteria and other pathogens. Therefore, HOCl is a natural part of the oxidative burst during phagocytosis. NaOCl, also known as bleach, is derived from HOCl and is also involved in the oxidative burst. Oxidized water is not a specific component of the oxidative burst, and therefore, the correct answer is HOCl.

Risedronate is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called bisphosphonates. It is commonly used in the treatment of osteoporosis. The main mechanism of action of risedronate is to decrease osteoclastic activity. Osteoclasts are cells responsible for the breakdown of bone tissue, and by inhibiting their activity, risedronate helps to slow down bone loss and increase bone density. Therefore, the correct answer is that risedronate decreases osteoclastic activity.

Pregabalin's mode of action is by binding to alpha2 delta and reducing the calcium influx through VGCC (Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels). This mechanism helps to decrease the release of certain neurotransmitters, thus reducing the excitability of nerve cells and providing pain relief. It does not repair the myelin sheath or reduce the homocysteine level.