Bio1331 Animals - Evolution - Jawed Fishes (Lecture Eight) | Attempts: 77

1.

What is unique about the muscles of the gnathostome clade Acinista?Write your answer below and check it in the explanation after the question is attempted.

2.

Complete the following sentence:__________ are vertebrates with jaws.

Explanation
Gnathostomes refers to a group of animals that are vertebrates and have jaws. This term is used to classify various species including fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals, as they all possess jaws. Jaws are an important evolutionary adaptation that allows these animals to efficiently capture and consume their prey. Therefore, the correct answer is Gnathostomes.

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3.

Complete the following sentence:Gnathostomes have jaws that are thought to have evolved from 2 pairs of skeletal supports of the _______________.

Explanation
Gnathostomes have jaws that are thought to have evolved from 2 pairs of skeletal supports of the pharyngeal slits. Pharyngeal slits are found in the pharynx of chordates and are used for filter feeding or respiration. These slits are supported by skeletal structures called pharyngeal arches. Over time, these arches became modified and eventually gave rise to the jaws of gnathostomes. This evolutionary adaptation allowed for more efficient feeding and expanded the range of food sources available to these organisms.

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4.

The lateral line exists in aquatic gnathostomes.What is the function of the lateral line?

A.

Contains sense organs used to detect movement and vibrations in surrounding water
B.

Marks the line of symmetry
C.

Openings in the body surface to allow filtration of water in order to obtain nutrients

Correct Answer
A. Contains sense organs used to detect movement and vibrations in surrounding water

Explanation
The lateral line in aquatic gnathostomes contains sense organs that are used to detect movement and vibrations in the surrounding water. This sensory system helps the organism to navigate its environment, detect prey or predators, and maintain balance and coordination. By detecting changes in water pressure and flow, the lateral line allows the organism to respond to its surroundings and survive in its aquatic habitat.

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5.

Complete the following sentence:Chondrichthyans are a clade of gnathostomes that contains _______, rays and chimaeras.

Correct Answer
Sharks
the sharks

Explanation
Chondrichthyans are a clade of gnathostomes that contains sharks, rays, and chimaeras. This means that within the group of gnathostomes, which are jawed vertebrates, chondrichthyans specifically include sharks, rays, and chimaeras.

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6.

Complete the following sentence:In Chondrichthyans, the skeleton is composed primarily of __________.

Correct Answer
Cartilage

Explanation
In Chondrichthyans, the skeleton is composed primarily of cartilage. Cartilage is a flexible and durable connective tissue that provides structure and support to the body. It is lighter and more flexible than bone, which is advantageous for Chondrichthyans, as it allows for greater maneuverability in the water. Additionally, cartilage is less prone to damage and injury compared to bone, making it well-suited for the unique lifestyle and habitat of Chondrichthyans, which includes swimming and hunting in the ocean.

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7.

What is the "scientific" name for the Gnathostome clade the Ray-Finned Fishes?

Correct Answer
Osteichthyes

Explanation
The scientific name for the Gnathostome clade that includes Ray-Finned Fishes is Osteichthyes. This term refers to a group of bony fishes that have skeletons composed of bone rather than cartilage. Osteichthyes is a well-established taxonomic classification for this group of fish, and it distinguishes them from other groups such as Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) and Agnatha (jawless fishes).

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8.

Complete the following sentence:Nearly all osteichthyes have buoyancy with an air sac known as a _______________.

Correct Answer
swim bladder

Explanation
Osteichthyes, which are bony fish, have a buoyancy mechanism called a swim bladder. This air sac helps them control their buoyancy and maintain their position in the water column. By adjusting the amount of gas in the swim bladder, fish can either become more buoyant and rise in the water or become less buoyant and sink. This allows them to conserve energy and easily maneuver in their aquatic environment.

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9.

Complete the following sentence:Ray-Finned Fishes have gills contained in a single chamber with one flap, known as the __________.

Correct Answer
Operculum

Explanation
Ray-Finned Fishes have gills contained in a single chamber with one flap, known as the operculum. The operculum is a bony flap that covers and protects the gills, allowing the fish to breathe efficiently. It opens and closes to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. This adaptation is essential for the survival of ray-finned fishes in aquatic environments, as it enables them to extract oxygen from the water and release waste gases.

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10.

True or False?Fish have a single-circuit circulatory system.

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
Fish have a single-circuit circulatory system. This means that blood flows through their heart and gills in a single loop. The blood is pumped from the heart to the gills, where it picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. It then flows to the rest of the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients, before returning to the heart. This single-circuit system is less efficient than the double-circuit system found in mammals and birds, but it is sufficient for the needs of fish.

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11.

Is [your statement here] true or false?

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
The given correct answer is true.

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12.

True or False?Mammals have a single-circuit circulatory system.

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
Mammals have a double-circuit circulatory system.

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13.

What is the "Scientific" name for the lungfishes?

Correct Answer
Dipnoi
The Dipnoi
Dipnois
The Dipnois

Explanation
The correct answer is Dipnoi. The term "Dipnoi" is the scientific name for lungfishes. It is the plural form of the word "dipnoan" which refers to any member of the lungfish family. Therefore, all the options provided in the question are correct as they represent the scientific name for lungfishes.

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14.

Complete the sentence below:Dipnoi/Lungfishes go into __________, a state of dormancy or torpor during the summer.

Correct Answer
Aestivation

Explanation
Dipnoi, also known as Lungfishes, go into aestivation, a state of dormancy or torpor during the summer. Aestivation is a survival strategy used by some animals to cope with extreme heat or drought conditions. During aestivation, lungfishes reduce their metabolic rate and become inactive, conserving energy and water until more favorable conditions return. This allows them to withstand the harsh environmental conditions and ensure their survival during the summer months.

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