Biology 1 - Mitosis And Meiosis | Attempts: 696

1.

Describe why meiosis in necessary in the first place. In other words, why can't we just use mitosis to create gametes?

2.

Describe why telophase and cytokinesis are different.

3.

Name and explain the three major forms of RNA.

4.

What is a checkpoint? Where is the most important checkpoint found in the cell cycle?

5.

Check all that apply to haploid cells.

A.

Have 23 chromosomes
B.

Have 46 chromosomes
C.

Are primarily somatic cells
D.

Are primarily gametes
E.

Always have an X and a Y chromosome
F.

Identical to parent cells
G.

Not identical to parent cells

Correct Answer(s)
A. Have 23 chromosomes
D. Are primarily gametes
G. Not identical to parent cells

Explanation
Haploid cells have 23 chromosomes because they only contain one set of chromosomes, whereas diploid cells have 46 chromosomes because they contain two sets of chromosomes. Haploid cells are primarily gametes because they are the reproductive cells involved in sexual reproduction. They are not identical to parent cells because they undergo meiosis, a process that results in genetic variation through the shuffling and recombination of genetic material.

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6.

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine and Uracil are all examples of _______________________.

Correct Answer(s)
Nucleic Bases
Nucleic Base

Explanation
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, and Uracil are all examples of nucleic bases. Nucleic bases are the building blocks of nucleic acids, which include DNA and RNA. These bases pair up with each other in specific combinations (Adenine with Thymine in DNA, Adenine with Uracil in RNA, and Guanine with Cytosine in both DNA and RNA) to form the genetic code. Therefore, all the given options are correct as they refer to the same concept of nucleic bases.

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7.

A nucleic base with its attached phosphate and sugar is referred to as a ___________________.

Correct Answer(s)
Nucleotide
Nucleotides

Explanation
A nucleic base with its attached phosphate and sugar is referred to as a nucleotide or nucleotides. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. They consist of a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine/uracil), a phosphate group, and a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA). Nucleotides are essential for the storage and transmission of genetic information and play a crucial role in various cellular processes.

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8.

DNA, RNA, and ATP are all examples of _______________________.

Correct Answer(s)
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acid

Explanation
DNA, RNA, and ATP are all examples of nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are macromolecules that are essential for storing and transmitting genetic information in living organisms. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that play a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins and the transmission of genetic traits. ATP, on the other hand, is a nucleotide that serves as the main energy carrier in cells. Therefore, all three molecules are classified as nucleic acids due to their similar chemical structure and biological functions.

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9.

After Prophase 1, the sister chromatids are no longer identical because they have undergone ____________________.

Correct Answer(s)
Crossing Over
Crossing-Over
Recombination

Explanation
After Prophase 1, the sister chromatids are no longer identical because they have undergone crossing over. Crossing over is a process that occurs during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, resulting in the recombination of genes between the chromatids. This leads to genetic variation and ensures that the offspring have a unique combination of genes. Therefore, crossing over is responsible for the non-identical nature of sister chromatids after Prophase 1.

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10.

The thin objects that attach to the center of each chromosome and help pull them apart are _____________.

Correct Answer(s)
Spindle Fibers
Fibers
Spindle Fiber
Fiber

Explanation
The thin objects that attach to the center of each chromosome and help pull them apart are called spindle fibers. These fibers play a crucial role in cell division by ensuring that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes. They attach to the centromere region of the chromosomes and exert forces to separate them during mitosis or meiosis. The term "spindle fibers" is used to refer to these structures, and it can also be shortened to "fibers" or "spindle fiber" without changing the meaning.

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11.

The special organelle that helps with mitosis is the _______________________.

Correct Answer(s)
centrosome
centrosomes

Explanation
The correct answer is "centrosome" or "centrosomes". The centrosome is a specialized organelle found in animal cells that plays a crucial role in cell division, specifically in mitosis. It helps to organize and separate the chromosomes during the process of cell division. The centrosome contains a pair of centrioles, which are involved in the formation of the spindle fibers that pull the chromosomes apart. Therefore, the centrosome is essential for the proper progression of mitosis.

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12.

Select all that apply to mitosis:

A.

Produce cells with 23 chromosomes
B.

Produce cells with 46 chromosomes
C.

Produce cells with sex chromosomes
D.

Undergo 1 round of division
E.

Undergo 2 rounds of division
F.

Require replicated (duplicated) DNA
G.

Does not require replicated (duplicated) DNA
H.

Produces Germ Cells
I.

Produces Somatic Cells
J.

Crossing Over Occurs
K.

Sister Chromatids Form

Correct Answer(s)
B. Produce cells with 46 chromosomes
C. Produce cells with sex chromosomes
D. Undergo 1 round of division
F. Require replicated (duplicated) DNA
I. Produces Somatic Cells
K. Sister Chromatids Form

Explanation
Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in the production of cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Therefore, it produces cells with 46 chromosomes. Additionally, mitosis can also produce cells with sex chromosomes, as these are also replicated and distributed during the process. Mitosis undergoes 1 round of division, where the parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Replicated DNA is required for mitosis to occur, as the chromosomes need to be duplicated and separated during division. Mitosis primarily produces somatic cells, which are non-reproductive cells of the body. Finally, sister chromatids form during mitosis, as the replicated chromosomes consist of two identical chromatids held together by a centromere.

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13.

Check all that apply to DNA

A.

Contains Adenine
B.

Contains Uracil
C.

Contains Thymine
D.

Has a deoxyribose sugar
E.

Has a ribose sugar
F.

Contains phospholipids
G.

Contains phosphates
H.

Single Stranded
I.

Double Stranded
J.

Contains Hydrogen Bonds
K.

Consists of nucleotides
L.

Is an original set of instructions
M.

Is a copy of the original instructions
N.

Resides in the nucleus

Correct Answer(s)
A. Contains Adenine
C. Contains Thymine
D. Has a deoxyribose sugar
G. Contains phosphates
I. Double Stranded
J. Contains Hydrogen Bonds
K. Consists of nucleotides
L. Is an original set of instructions
N. Resides in the nucleus

Explanation
DNA contains Adenine and Thymine as its nitrogenous bases. It has a deoxyribose sugar and contains phosphates. DNA is double-stranded and the two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds. It consists of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. DNA carries the original set of instructions for the functioning and development of an organism. It resides in the nucleus of the cell.

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14.

Check which of the following are part of the cell cycle

A.

Meiosis 1
B.

Interphase
C.

Cytokinesis
D.

Meiosis 2

Correct Answer(s)
A. Meiosis 1
B. Interphase
C. Cytokinesis
D. Meiosis 2

Explanation
These are ALL parts of the cell cycle for a gamete!

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15.

Check which of the following are part of mitosis:

A.

Anaphase
B.

Interphase
C.

Metaphase
D.

Prophase
E.

G1 Phase
F.

S Phase
G.

Telophase
H.

Cytokinesis

Correct Answer(s)
A. Anaphase
C. Metaphase
D. Prophase
G. Telophase

Explanation
Interphase, G1, S, and G2 phases are not actively dividing so they are not part of mitosis. Cytokinesis does not involve diving DNA so it is also not part of mitosis!

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