Black Civil Rights Focus Question Three

The name commonly given to the event described is "Bloody Sunday." This term is often used to refer to violent incidents that occurred on a Sunday, resulting in bloodshed and loss of life. It is a phrase that has been used to describe various historical events, such as the 1905 massacre in Russia and the 1972 incident in Northern Ireland.

America was shocked by what happened on "Bloody ________" because TV images were broadcast of the violence by state troopers. The broadcast of these images exposed the brutality and excessive use of force by the authorities, which was shocking and disturbing to the American public. It highlighted the systemic racism and violence against blacks, bringing it to the forefront of national attention and sparking outrage and calls for justice.

The correct answer is Edmund Pettus Bridge. This bridge is famous for being the site of the historic civil rights march known as Bloody Sunday. On March 7, 1965, around 650 demonstrators, led by civil rights activists including Martin Luther King Jr., attempted to march from Selma to Montgomery to demand voting rights for African Americans. However, they were met with violence from state troopers on the Edmund Pettus Bridge. The events of that day were a turning point in the civil rights movement and ultimately led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

After the events of "Bloody ________," which garnered significant media attention, MLK decided to propose a second peaceful protest march to be held on the following Tuesday. This suggests that MLK was determined to continue the fight for civil rights and to peacefully protest against the injustices faced by African Americans. Abandoning the Selma campaign or leading a series of sit-in campaigns are not mentioned as actions taken by MLK in response to the events.

Jim Clark was the police commissioner in Selma. This can be inferred from the question itself, which asks for the name of the police commissioner in Selma. Out of the given options, Jim Clark is the only name that matches the criteria.

The correct answer is the 15th amendment. This amendment, ratified in 1868, granted the right to vote to male black citizens. It specifically stated that the right to vote should not be denied based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This amendment was a significant step towards ensuring equal voting rights for all citizens, regardless of their race or previous enslavement.

Jim Clark, a sheriff in Selma, Alabama during the Civil Rights Movement, was notorious for using violent tactics to suppress African Americans' voting rights. A cattle prod is an electrical device used to shock and control animals, and Clark used it as a weapon against black individuals attempting to register to vote. This brutal and inhumane act was part of the systemic racism and discrimination faced by African Americans during that time.

Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman, and James Chaney, civil rights activists, were tragically murdered by members of the Ku Klux Klan. This act of violence highlights the dangers and risks faced by those fighting for civil rights during that time. The murder of these activists became a significant event in the Civil Rights Movement and further galvanized support for the cause. Their deaths served as a stark reminder of the deep-seated racism and hatred that existed in America at that time.

Martin Luther King faced a dilemma because he risked losing support from the black community if he did not align with their growing interest in the black nationalist philosophy of Malcolm X. However, he also did not want to go against the wishes of the federal government, which had previously supported the civil rights campaign. This put him in a difficult position of balancing the desires of the black community with the need to maintain the support of the government.

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In Mississippi in 1964, only a small percentage of blacks were registered to vote, specifically 6%. This low percentage indicates the severe racial discrimination and voter suppression that existed during that time. African Americans faced numerous obstacles, such as literacy tests, poll taxes, and intimidation tactics, which prevented them from exercising their right to vote. The 6% figure highlights the significant disparities and systemic barriers that African Americans had to overcome in order to participate in the democratic process.

Selma is located in Alabama.

The White Citizens Council responded to the "Freedom Summer" by expressing widespread anger, organizing economic boycotts of black businesses, and holding protest rallies. These actions were aimed at opposing the civil rights movement and maintaining racial segregation. Public lynchings of black protestors, however, were not directly mentioned as a response by the White Citizens Council.

Lyndon B Johnson introduced the Voters Rights Bill to Congress, which was eventually passed in August 1965. This bill aimed to protect the voting rights of racial minorities, particularly African Americans, by prohibiting discriminatory voting practices such as literacy tests and poll taxes. It aimed to ensure that all citizens had equal access and opportunity to participate in the democratic process and exercise their right to vote.

Lyndon Baines Johnson urged MLK to abide by the decision of the Supreme Court and not go ahead with the march.

MLK solved the problem by stopping the march at the end of the Edmund Pettus Bridge, leading the protestors in a prayer session, and then turning around and heading back to Selma. This decision was a strategic move to avoid confrontation with the police and prevent violence during the march. By choosing to peacefully disperse the protestors, MLK demonstrated his commitment to nonviolent protest and effectively conveyed the message of the civil rights movement.

The key change introduced by this act was the prohibition of state governments from having laws that prevented US citizens from exercising their right to register to vote. This act aimed to ensure equal voting rights and eliminate discriminatory practices that hindered citizens from participating in the democratic process. By forbidding such laws, the act aimed to promote inclusivity and protect the voting rights of all US citizens.

Under pressure from Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King decided to suspend the march. This decision was likely made in order to avoid further escalation of violence and to comply with the concerns and requests of President Johnson. Suspending the march would have allowed for a period of reflection and assessment of the situation, potentially leading to a more strategic and peaceful approach in the future.

The police commissioner deliberately attempted to prevent blacks from registering to vote by invoking a city bylaw which prevented gatherings of more than 20 people. This allowed him to arrest blacks who were queuing to register to vote.

The given statement is true. After the decision was made, the Selma-Montgomery march did take place on Sunday 21st March. Around 25,000 people marched alongside MLK to Selma.

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State authorities used limited time to register (ie registration times at inconvenient times for blacks), literacy tests, and only limited places where blacks could register to vote as barriers to blacks registering to vote. These methods were used to intentionally restrict and discourage black individuals from exercising their right to vote.

Martin Luther King's first act to highlight the slowness of the city of Selma to allow blacks to register to vote was planning a march from Selwyn to Montgomery on Sunday, 7th March. This march, also known as the Selma to Montgomery march or Bloody Sunday, was a pivotal event in the civil rights movement. It aimed to draw attention to the systematic racial discrimination and violence faced by African Americans in their struggle for voting rights.

The focus question three covers the period from 1965 to 1970.

The local leaders of SNCC decided to ignore Martin Luther King's instruction and go ahead with the march.

The focus question three for the Black Civil Rights topic is "What new directions were pursued in the 1960s?" This question aims to explore the different strategies and approaches that were taken by the black community during the 1960s in their pursuit of civil rights. It suggests that there were significant shifts in their tactics and goals during this period, highlighting the importance of understanding the specific developments and advancements that occurred during this time.

In 1964, the civil rights group SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) ran the "Freedom Summer" campaign. This campaign aimed to encourage African Americans to register as voters, particularly in Mississippi where voter suppression and discrimination against black voters were prevalent. SNCC organized voter registration drives, established Freedom Schools to educate black children, and launched the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party to challenge the all-white Democratic Party. The "Freedom Summer" campaign played a significant role in the civil rights movement, bringing attention to racial inequality and paving the way for the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

The correct answer is "Limited success - many blacks did register but in some areas, particularly in the south, many blacks still did not register." This answer suggests that while the Civil Rights Act did lead to an increase in black voter registration, there were still significant barriers and challenges, especially in the southern states, that prevented many blacks from exercising their right to vote.

Selma was targeted by Martin Luther King and the SCLC as the next focus of the Civil Rights movement for two reasons. Firstly, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 did not effectively address the problem of states preventing black people from registering to vote. This meant that there was still a significant barrier to equal political participation for black citizens, and Selma was chosen as a place to address this issue. Secondly, the low number of registered black voters in Selma, with only 156 out of 15,000, highlighted the urgent need for action and intervention to secure voting rights for black Americans.

The state troopers used multiple methods to disperse the troopers, including police dogs, tear gas, and police horses. These methods are commonly employed by law enforcement to control crowds and maintain order. Police dogs can be used to intimidate and apprehend individuals, tear gas is a non-lethal chemical agent that causes irritation and disorientation, and police horses can be used for crowd control and mobility in certain situations.

Governor George Wallace banned the proposed march for two reasons. Firstly, he feared that allowing the march to take place would lead to an escalation of violence. This suggests that he believed that the march would provoke a strong reaction from opposing groups, potentially leading to clashes and further unrest. Secondly, he was concerned about the negative publicity that Selma would receive as a result of the march. This implies that he wanted to protect the image of Selma and avoid any potential damage to its reputation.