Blood Clotting

1.

What is the order of clotting?

A.

Fibrin, fibrinogen, thrombin, prothrombin, thromboplastin
B.

Prothrombin, thromboplastin, thrombin, fibrin, fibrinogen
C.

Thromboplastin, thrombin, prothrombin, fibrin, fibrinogen
D.

Thromboplastin, prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin

Correct Answer
D. Thromboplastin, prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin

Explanation
The order of clotting starts with thromboplastin, which is released from damaged tissue and initiates the clotting process. Thromboplastin then activates prothrombin, converting it into thrombin. Thrombin then converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which forms a mesh-like network to create a blood clot. Therefore, the correct order of clotting is Thromboplastin, prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin.

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2.

_ and __ _ are both co-factors that are needed for blood clotting

Correct Answer
calcium vitamin k
vitamin k calcium

Explanation
Calcium and vitamin K are both co-factors that are necessary for blood clotting. Calcium plays a crucial role in the formation of blood clots by helping to activate certain proteins involved in the clotting process. On the other hand, vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of these clotting proteins. Therefore, both calcium and vitamin K are required for effective blood clotting to occur.

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3.

The exposed tissues just below the endothelium, release an enzyme called _______.

Correct Answer
thromboplastin

Explanation
The exposed tissues just below the endothelium release an enzyme called thromboplastin. Thromboplastin is an essential enzyme in the blood clotting process. When tissues are damaged, thromboplastin is released, initiating a cascade of reactions that ultimately leads to the formation of a blood clot. This clotting mechanism is crucial for preventing excessive bleeding and promoting wound healing.

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4.

_______ also break down and release thromboplastin.

Correct Answer
platelets

Explanation
Platelets are small cell fragments found in the blood that play a crucial role in blood clotting. When blood vessels are damaged, platelets are activated and adhere to the site of injury. They release substances, including thromboplastin, which is a key component in the clotting process. Thromboplastin helps convert prothrombin to thrombin, which then converts fibrinogen to fibrin, forming a clot to prevent excessive bleeding. Therefore, platelets not only help in forming clots but also release thromboplastin, making them the correct answer.

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5.

Thromboplastin then _ the conversion of an inactive plasma protein, prothrombin, into __.

Correct Answer
catalyses thrombin

Explanation
Thromboplastin is an enzyme that initiates the conversion of prothrombin, an inactive plasma protein, into thrombin. Thrombin is a key enzyme in the blood clotting process, as it converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which forms a mesh-like structure to create a blood clot. Therefore, thromboplastin catalyzes the formation of thrombin, which is essential for blood clotting.

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6.

Thrombin is an active _______.

Correct Answer
enzyme

Explanation
Thrombin is an active enzyme. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biological reactions, speeding up the conversion of one molecule into another. Thrombin is a key enzyme in the clotting cascade, where it converts fibrinogen into fibrin, leading to the formation of blood clots. It plays a crucial role in hemostasis, preventing excessive bleeding. Therefore, the correct answer is enzyme.

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7.

Thrombin then a large, soluble plasma protein called into smaller units.

Correct Answer
hydrolyses fibrinogen

Explanation
Thrombin is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in blood clotting. It acts on fibrinogen, a soluble plasma protein, by hydrolyzing it. This hydrolysis process breaks down fibrinogen into smaller units, which are then able to form a fibrin meshwork. This fibrin meshwork is essential for the formation of blood clots, as it helps to trap platelets and other blood cells, ultimately leading to the formation of a stable clot. Therefore, thrombin's ability to hydrolyze fibrinogen is important for the clotting process.

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8.

These smaller units then join together (polymerise) to form long, _ fibres of the protein _.

Correct Answer
insoluble fibrin

Explanation
When smaller units of protein join together through a process called polymerization, they form long, insoluble fibres known as fibrin. Fibrin is a key component of blood clotting and plays a crucial role in forming a mesh-like structure to stop bleeding. These fibres are insoluble, meaning they do not dissolve in water, which allows them to form stable blood clots and promote wound healing.

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9.

The fibrin fibres pile up in tangles that form a mesh over the wound. Blood cells become trapped in the mesh, forming a _ .

Correct Answer
blood clot

Explanation
When a wound occurs, fibrin fibres form a mesh over the wound. This mesh traps blood cells, resulting in the formation of a blood clot. A blood clot is a gel-like mass that helps to stop bleeding by sealing the wound and promoting the healing process.

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Blood Clotting

What is the order of clotting?

_____ and ______ _ are both co-factors that are needed for blood clotting

The exposed tissues just below the endothelium, release an enzyme called _______.

_______ also break down and release thromboplastin.

Thromboplastin then _______ the conversion of an inactive plasma protein, prothrombin, into ________.

Thrombin is an active _______.

Thrombin then ______ a large, soluble plasma protein called ______ into smaller units.

These smaller units then join together (polymerise) to form long, _____ fibres of the protein _____.

The fibrin fibres pile up in tangles that form a mesh over the wound. Blood cells become trapped in the mesh, forming a _____ ____.

_ and __ _ are both co-factors that are needed for blood clotting

Thromboplastin then _ the conversion of an inactive plasma protein, prothrombin, into __.

Thrombin then a large, soluble plasma protein called into smaller units.

These smaller units then join together (polymerise) to form long, _ fibres of the protein _.

The fibrin fibres pile up in tangles that form a mesh over the wound. Blood cells become trapped in the mesh, forming a _ .