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This is a review my A & P II teacher gave. It is almost identical to my quiz except does not include pictures for labeling.
Questions and Answers
1.
Which blood vessels carries blood away from the heart?_____________________
Explanation Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. They have thick and elastic walls to withstand the high pressure of blood pumped by the heart. Arteries branch out into smaller vessels called arterioles, which further divide into capillaries to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues. The term "artery" is used in both singular and plural forms.
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2.
Which
blood vessels drain the tissues and return blood to the heart?_________________
Explanation Veins are the blood vessels that drain the tissues and return blood to the heart. They have thinner walls and larger lumens compared to arteries, allowing them to carry blood back to the heart at a lower pressure. Veins also contain valves that prevent the backward flow of blood, ensuring that it flows in one direction towards the heart. The deoxygenated blood from the tissues enters the veins, which then transport it back to the heart to be oxygenated again.
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3.
Which
blood vessels connect the arterioles and venules and ramify throughout the tissues to directly serve the needs of the body’s cells?____________________
Explanation Capillaries are the blood vessels that connect the arterioles and venules and spread throughout the tissues to directly serve the needs of the body's cells. They are the smallest and thinnest blood vessels in the body, allowing for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the surrounding tissues. Capillaries have a large surface area and slow blood flow, which facilitates efficient exchange of substances. Their close proximity to cells ensures that oxygen and nutrients are delivered to cells, and waste products are removed from cells, maintaining proper cellular function.
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4.
What are three coats of the walls of the blood vessels (except microscopic capillary)?
Starting with the innermost, use a comma & space between layers/coats
_______ _______, ________ _______, ________ ________
Explanation The correct answer is Tunica Interna, Tunica Media, Tunica Externa. The innermost layer of the blood vessel walls is the Tunica Interna, also known as the Tunica Intima. It is composed of a single layer of endothelial cells that provide a smooth surface for blood flow. The middle layer is the Tunica Media, which consists of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers. It controls the diameter of the blood vessel and helps regulate blood pressure. The outermost layer is the Tunica Externa, also called the Tunica Adventitia, which is made up of connective tissue and provides support and protection to the blood vessel.
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5.
What
type of the epithelium is composed of a thin layer of endothelium?______________ ______________ epithelium
Explanation Simple squamous epithelium is composed of a thin layer of endothelium. Endothelium is a type of epithelial tissue that lines the inner surface of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and the heart. It is made up of a single layer of flat cells that allow for easy diffusion of substances across the membrane. Simple squamous epithelium is found in areas where filtration, diffusion, and secretion are important, such as the lining of the lungs, blood vessels, and the kidneys.
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6.
What are the functions of the tunica externa/adventitia? _________________ & _______________To get this correct you must add the & sign
Explanation The tunica externa/adventitia has two main functions: support and protection. It provides structural support to the blood vessels, helping to maintain their shape and prevent collapse. Additionally, it acts as a protective layer, shielding the blood vessels from damage and external forces.
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7.
Which types of arteries must be sufficiently strong to withstand pressure fluctuation?
A.
Muscular
B.
Elastic
C.
Skeletal
Correct Answer
B. Elastic
Explanation Elastic arteries must be sufficiently strong to withstand pressure fluctuation. This is because elastic arteries, such as the aorta, are responsible for carrying blood away from the heart and distributing it to the rest of the body. They experience high pressure when the heart contracts and lower pressure when the heart relaxes. The elasticity of these arteries allows them to expand and recoil, helping to maintain a steady flow of blood and prevent damage from pressure fluctuations.
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8.
Which blood vessels are called low-pressure vessels?
A.
Veins
B.
Arteries
C.
Lymphatics
Correct Answer
A. Veins
Explanation Veins are called low-pressure vessels because they have thinner walls and larger lumens compared to arteries. This allows them to accommodate the lower pressure of blood returning to the heart from the body tissues. Veins also have valves that prevent backflow of blood, aiding in the movement of blood against gravity. Unlike arteries, veins do not experience the high-pressure surges caused by the pumping of the heart, making them better suited for low-pressure blood flow.
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9.
_____________________ are structures that act to prevent backflow of blood in large veins.
Correct Answer Valves
Explanation Valves are structures that act to prevent backflow of blood in large veins. These valves are present in veins throughout the body, particularly in the limbs. When the muscles surrounding the veins contract, they squeeze the blood forward, and the valves open to allow the blood to flow. Once the muscles relax, the valves close, preventing the blood from flowing backward. This helps to maintain the proper direction of blood flow and ensure efficient circulation throughout the body.
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10.
When is blood milked through the veins?
A.
It is not milked through veins it is milked through arteries.
B.
When a mother is breastfeeding her new born.
C.
When skeletal muscle surrounding the veins contract & relax.
Correct Answer
C. When skeletal muscle surrounding the veins contract & relax.
Explanation Blood is not "milked" through the veins, but rather propelled through the veins by the contraction and relaxation of the skeletal muscles surrounding them. This action, known as muscular compression, helps to push the blood back towards the heart and overcome the force of gravity.
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11.
The ________________ is the largest artery of the body.
Correct Answer Aorta
Explanation The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It originates from the left ventricle of the heart and carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body. Its large size allows it to withstand the high pressure generated by the heart's pumping action. The aorta branches out into smaller arteries, which then supply oxygen and nutrients to various organs and tissues.
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12.
_________ _________ _________ & ________ ________ ________ are two branches of the ascending aorta.(You must type out the & sign to get this correct)
Correct Answer Right Coronary Arteries & Left Coronary Arteries Left Coronary Arteries & Right Coronary Arteries Right Coronary Artery & Left Coronary Artery Left Coronary Artery & Right Coronary Artery
Explanation The correct answer is "Right Coronary Arteries & Left Coronary Arteries, Left Coronary Arteries & Right Coronary Arteries". This is because the ascending aorta has two branches, one on the right side called the right coronary artery and one on the left side called the left coronary artery. Both arteries supply blood to the heart muscle.
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13.
______ ______ ______ ______ & ______ ______ _____ are two branches of the brachiocephalic artery?(you must type out the & sign to get this correct) Note: the spaces
Correct Answer Right common carotid artery & Right subclavian artery
Explanation The brachiocephalic artery is a major artery that branches off from the aorta. It further divides into two branches, the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery. The right common carotid artery supplies blood to the right side of the head and neck, while the right subclavian artery supplies blood to the right arm and upper chest. Therefore, the correct answer is the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery.
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14.
Check off the branches of the external carotid artery.(more than one answers is allowed)
A.
Superficial temporal Artery
B.
Maxillary Artery
C.
Ophthalmic Artery
D.
Facial Artery
E.
Vertebral Artery
F.
Occipital Artery
Correct Answer(s)
A. Superficial temporal Artery B. Maxillary Artery D. Facial Artery F. Occipital Artery
Explanation The correct answer includes the branches of the external carotid artery that are checked off. These branches are the Superficial temporal artery, Maxillary artery, Facial artery, and Occipital artery. The other options listed, Ophthalmic artery and Vertebral artery, are not branches of the external carotid artery.
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15.
Identify
three branches of the right and left subclavian arteries.
A.
Vertebral Artery
B.
Basilar Artery
C.
Thyrocervical Trunk
D.
Elephant Trunk
E.
Costocervical Trunk
F.
Superior Thyroid Artery
Correct Answer(s)
A. Vertebral Artery C. Thyrocervical Trunk E. Costocervical Trunk
Explanation The correct answer is Vertebral Artery, Thyrocervical Trunk, and Costocervical Trunk. The Vertebral Artery is one of the branches of the subclavian artery that supplies blood to the brain. The Thyrocervical Trunk is another branch that gives rise to several arteries, including the inferior thyroid artery and suprascapular artery. The Costocervical Trunk is the third branch, which gives rise to the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery. These three branches play a crucial role in supplying blood to various structures in the head, neck, and upper limbs.
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16.
The subclavian artery turns into the __________ artery near the armpit.
Correct Answer(s) Axillary
Explanation The subclavian artery is a major blood vessel that supplies blood to the upper limbs. Near the armpit, it transitions into the axillary artery. The axillary artery continues to supply blood to the upper arm and eventually becomes the brachial artery. Therefore, the correct answer is "Axillary."
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17.
Name
three branches of the celiac trunk?
A.
Celiac Branch
B.
Left Gastric Artery
C.
Common Hepatic Artery
D.
Right Gastric Artery
E.
Splenic Artery
F.
Superior Mesenteric Artery
Correct Answer(s)
B. Left Gastric Artery C. Common Hepatic Artery E. Splenic Artery
Explanation The correct answer is Left Gastric Artery, Common Hepatic Artery, and Splenic Artery. These three branches are all branches of the celiac trunk, which is a major branch of the abdominal aorta. The Left Gastric Artery supplies blood to the lesser curvature of the stomach. The Common Hepatic Artery supplies blood to the liver, gallbladder, and part of the stomach. The Splenic Artery supplies blood to the spleen and also gives off several branches to the stomach and pancreas.
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18.
The __________ _________ artery supplies most of the small intestine.
Correct Answer(s) Superior Mesenteric
Explanation The superior mesenteric artery is responsible for supplying blood to the majority of the small intestine. This artery arises from the abdominal aorta and branches out to provide oxygenated blood to the various parts of the small intestine. It plays a crucial role in ensuring proper nutrient absorption and overall digestive function in the small intestine. The superior mesenteric artery is a major blood vessel in the abdominal region and is essential for maintaining the health and functionality of the small intestine.
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19.
________ artery
supplies the kidney.
Correct Answer(s) Renal
Explanation The correct answer is "Renal." The renal artery supplies blood to the kidney.
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20.
The name for gonadal arteries in the female and in the male are what?(more than one answer is allowed)
A.
Uterus Arteries
B.
Femoral Arteries
C.
Ovarian Arteries
D.
Pubic Arteries
E.
Testicular Arteries
Correct Answer(s)
C. Ovarian Arteries E. Testicular Arteries
Explanation The correct answer is Ovarian Arteries and Testicular Arteries. These are the names for the gonadal arteries in the female and male respectively. The ovarian arteries supply blood to the ovaries in females, while the testicular arteries supply blood to the testes in males.
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21.
The _______ ______ artery supplies the distal half of the large intestine.
Correct Answer(s) Inferior Mesenteric
Explanation The correct answer is "Inferior Mesenteric." The inferior mesenteric artery is responsible for supplying blood to the distal half of the large intestine. This artery branches off from the abdominal aorta and plays a crucial role in maintaining blood flow and providing oxygen and nutrients to the large intestine.
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22.
What region does the descending aorta divide into the large common iliac arteries?
A.
Pelvic
B.
Gonadal
C.
Thoracic
D.
Renal
Correct Answer
A. Pelvic
Explanation The descending aorta divides into the large common iliac arteries in the pelvic region. This is the area of the body located between the abdomen and the thighs. The common iliac arteries supply blood to the pelvis, lower abdominal organs, and lower limbs. Therefore, the correct answer is "Pelvic."
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23.
The femoral artery under the knee is also know as the ________ artery?
Correct Answer Popliteal
Explanation The femoral artery is a major blood vessel in the leg that supplies blood to the lower limb. It runs from the groin to the knee, where it then continues as the popliteal artery. The popliteal artery is located behind the knee and is responsible for supplying blood to the lower leg and foot. Therefore, the correct answer is "popliteal."
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24.
Which
artery is often palpated in patients with circulation problems of the leg to
determine the circulatory efficiency of the limb as a whole?
Correct Answer Dorsalis Pedis
Explanation The dorsalis pedis artery is often palpated in patients with circulation problems of the leg to determine the circulatory efficiency of the limb as a whole. Palpating the dorsalis pedis artery allows healthcare professionals to assess the presence and strength of the pulse in the foot, which can provide valuable information about the blood flow to the lower extremities. This assessment helps in diagnosing conditions such as peripheral artery disease or arterial blockages, and guides the appropriate management and treatment options for the patient.
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25.
The _______ _______ ______ empties veins draining the head and the upper extremities.
Correct Answer Superior Vena Cava Superior Venae Cavae
Explanation The correct answer is Superior Vena Cava. The Superior Vena Cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the head and upper extremities back to the heart. It is responsible for draining the veins in these areas and returning the blood to the right atrium of the heart. The term "Superior Venae Cavae" is incorrect as it refers to the plural form of the vein, which is not accurate.
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26.
Veins draining the lower body empty into the _____ _____ _____?
Explanation The correct answer is "Inferior Vena Cava." The veins draining the lower body, including the legs and abdomen, empty into the inferior vena cava. This large vein carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body back to the heart. The option "Inferior Venae Cavae" is incorrect as there is only one inferior vena cava in the human body.
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27.
What region does the inferior vena cava begin?
A.
Pelvic
B.
Cervical
C.
Middle
D.
Lower abdominal
Correct Answer
D. Lower abdominal
Explanation The inferior vena cava begins in the lower abdominal region. The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body back to the heart. It begins at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra, which is located in the lower abdominal region. From there, it ascends through the abdomen and eventually joins with the superior vena cava to return blood to the heart.
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28.
The inferior vena cava begins in the lower abdominal region with the union of the paired ______ ______ veins, which drains venous blood from the legs & pelvis.
Correct Answer Common Iliac
Explanation The inferior vena cava starts in the lower abdominal region by joining the paired common iliac veins. These veins are responsible for draining venous blood from the legs and pelvis.
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29.
______ ______ vein is the longest vein in the body.
Correct Answer Great Saphenous
Explanation The Great Saphenous vein is the longest vein in the body. It extends from the top of the foot all the way up to the groin. It plays a crucial role in carrying deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities back to the heart. Due to its length and location, the Great Saphenous vein is often used for medical procedures such as vein grafts or as a site for venous access.
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30.
The great saphenous vein empties into the ________ vein.
Correct Answer Femoral
Explanation The great saphenous vein, one of the longest veins in the body, drains blood from the lower limb. It empties into the femoral vein, which is located in the upper thigh region. The femoral vein is a major blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities back to the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is "Femoral".
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31.
The right & left __________ veins drain the head, neck, & upper extremities & unite to form the superior vena cava.
Correct Answer Brachiocephalic
Explanation The brachiocephalic veins are responsible for draining the head, neck, and upper extremities. They unite to form the superior vena cava, which is the largest vein in the body. The brachiocephalic veins are located on both the right and left sides of the body.
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32.
The _______ ________ veins are large veins that drain the superior sagittal sinus & other dural sinuses of the brain.
Correct Answer Internal Jugular
Explanation The internal jugular veins are large veins that drain the superior sagittal sinus and other dural sinuses of the brain. These veins are located in the neck and are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the brain back to the heart. They are an important part of the circulatory system and play a crucial role in maintaining proper blood flow and drainage from the brain.
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33.
The superficial temporal and facial veins drain blood into the ____ _____ vein.
Correct Answer External Jugular
Explanation The superficial temporal and facial veins drain blood into the external jugular vein. The external jugular vein is located on the side of the neck and is responsible for draining blood from the head and neck region. It receives blood from various veins, including the superficial temporal and facial veins, and eventually drains into the subclavian vein.
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34.
The brachial vein is formed by the union of the deep _____ & _______ veins of the forearm.(You need to type the & sign to get this correct)
Correct Answer Radial & Ulnar Ulnar & Radial
Explanation The brachial vein is formed by the union of the deep radial and ulnar veins of the forearm. This means that both the radial and ulnar veins come together to form the brachial vein.
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35.
The superficial venous drainage of the arm includes the ______ vein, which courses along the lateral aspect of the arm & empties into the ______ vein.(Put a single space between the answers)
Correct Answer Cephalic Axillary
Explanation The superficial venous drainage of the arm includes the cephalic vein, which courses along the lateral aspect of the arm and empties into the axillary vein.
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36.
The ______ vein found on the medial aspect of the arm and enters the _____ vein.(Put a single space between the answers)
Correct Answer Basilic Brachial
Explanation The basilic vein is located on the medial aspect of the arm, which means it is found on the inner side of the arm. It enters the brachial vein, which is a large vein located in the upper arm. The basilic vein is one of the main veins in the arm and is commonly used for venipuncture or drawing blood.
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37.
Name the vein which runs between the cephalic and basilic veins and is often the site of
choice for removing blood for testing purposes.
Correct Answer Median Cubital Vein Median Cubital
Explanation The median cubital vein is the vein that runs between the cephalic and basilic veins. It is often the preferred site for removing blood for testing purposes because it is easily accessible and has a lower risk of complications compared to other veins.
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38.
Name
the vein, which drains the right side of the thorax and enters the dorsal aspect
of the superior vena cava.
Correct Answer Azygos Vein Azygos
Explanation The vein that drains the right side of the thorax and enters the dorsal aspect of the superior vena cava is called the Azygos Vein. The Azygos Vein is responsible for draining blood from the posterior thoracic wall, the posterior intercostal veins, and the esophageal veins. It then enters the superior vena cava, which is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body back to the heart.
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39.
Name
the vein, which delivers blood to the liver for processing, from the digestive viscera,
spleen, and pancreas
Correct Answer Hepatic Portal Vein Hepatic Portal
Explanation The correct answer is Hepatic Portal Vein. The hepatic portal vein is responsible for delivering blood to the liver from the digestive viscera, spleen, and pancreas. This vein carries nutrient-rich blood from the intestines and other digestive organs to the liver for processing and detoxification before it is distributed to the rest of the body.
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40.
The _____ _____ vein, draining the distal portions of the large intestine joins the ______ vein.(Put a single space between the answers)
Correct Answer Inferior Mesenteric Splenic
Explanation The inferior mesenteric vein is responsible for draining the distal portions of the large intestine. It then joins the splenic vein.
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41.
What two veins unite to form the hepatic portal?(Check all that apply)
A.
Inferior Mesenteric Vein
B.
Superior Mesenteric Vein
C.
Left Gastric Vein
D.
Splenic Vein
Correct Answer(s)
B. Superior Mesenteric Vein D. Splenic Vein
Explanation The hepatic portal is formed by the union of the Superior Mesenteric Vein and the Splenic Vein. These two veins bring blood from the digestive organs and the spleen to the liver. The blood carried by the hepatic portal vein is rich in nutrients and other substances that have been absorbed from the intestines, and it is important for the liver to process and regulate this blood before it is distributed to the rest of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is Superior Mesenteric Vein and Splenic Vein.
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42.
What part of the digestive system receives blood from the superior mesenteric vein?
Correct Answer(s) Small Intestines Small Intestine
Explanation The correct answer is "Small Intestine." The small intestine receives blood from the superior mesenteric vein. This vein is responsible for draining blood from the small intestine, as well as other organs in the abdominal region. The small intestine plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and the blood supply from the superior mesenteric vein ensures that it receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for its functions.
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43.
What vein drains directly into the hepatic portal vein?
Correct Answer(s) Left Gastric Vein Left Gastric
Explanation The left gastric vein is the correct answer because it is the vein that directly drains into the hepatic portal vein. The hepatic portal vein is responsible for carrying blood from the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and pancreas to the liver for filtration and processing. The left gastric vein specifically drains blood from the lesser curvature of the stomach and connects directly to the hepatic portal vein, making it an important pathway for blood flow in the digestive system.
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44.
The _____ vein drains the liver and enters into the ____ _____ _____.(Put a single space between the answers)
Explanation The correct answer is "Hepatic Inferior Vena Cava, Hepatic Inferior Venae Cavae". The hepatic vein drains the liver and enters into the inferior vena cava.
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45.
Which
two system (or organs) are not yet functional in a developing fetus?
Correct Answer(s) Lungs & Digestive System Digestive System & Lungs
Explanation During fetal development, the lungs and the digestive system are the two systems that are not yet functional. The lungs are not fully developed and are not capable of breathing air until after birth. Similarly, the digestive system is not yet able to process food as the fetus receives nutrients from the mother through the umbilical cord. Therefore, both the lungs and the digestive system are not yet functional in a developing fetus.
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46.
Fetal blood travels through the umbilical cord, which contains three blood vessels. Two smaller umbilical arteries & one large umbilical vein. The umbilical arteries convert into the ____ _____ _____ & the umbilical vein converts into _____ _____ in a new born.(Hit enter after each answer)
Explanation The fetal blood travels through the umbilical cord, which contains three blood vessels. The two smaller umbilical arteries convert into the medial umbilical ligaments, and the umbilical vein converts into the ligamentum teres in a newborn.
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47.
Name
the shunt vessel which perfuses the liver and ducts to the inferior vena cava
in fetus.
Correct Answer(s) Ductus Venosus
Explanation The shunt vessel that perfuses the liver and ducts to the inferior vena cava in the fetus is called the Ductus Venosus. This vessel allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver and flow directly to the heart, ensuring that the developing fetus receives sufficient oxygen and nutrients. After birth, the Ductus Venosus closes and becomes a ligament known as the Ligamentum Venosum.
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48.
What is the Ductus venosus called in a newborn?
Correct Answer(s) Ligamentum Venosum
Explanation The Ductus venosus is a blood vessel that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in a fetus. It allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver and flow directly to the heart. After birth, the Ductus venosus closes and becomes a fibrous cord known as the Ligamentum Venosum. This transformation is a normal physiological process that occurs within a few weeks after birth. Therefore, the correct answer is Ligamentum Venosum.
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49.
Name two shunts in the fetus which entirely bypass the lungs (from the right atrium
to the left atrium; from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta). (Press enter between the answers)
Explanation The correct answer is Ductus Arteriosus and Ductus Venosus. The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the lungs. The ductus venosus is a blood vessel that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver. Both shunts help to divert blood away from the lungs in the fetus, as the lungs are not yet fully functional.
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50.
Name two shunts in a newborn which entirely bypass the lungs ( from the right atrium to the left atrium; from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta).(Press enter between answers)
Explanation The correct answer is Ligamentum Arteriosum and Ligamentum Venosum. The shunts mentioned in the question are the ductus arteriosus and the ductus venosus. The ductus arteriosus is a shunt that connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta, bypassing the lungs. It allows blood to flow directly from the right atrium to the left atrium. The ductus venosus is a shunt that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver. It allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver and flow directly to the heart. These shunts are present in a newborn but usually close shortly after birth.
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