Ultimate MCQ On Blood Vessels: Trivia Quiz!
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What can be stated about blood vessels? There are three types of blood vessels. These are arteries, veins, and capillaries. The blood vessel with the most blood flow is the first part of the aorta called the ascending thoracic aorta. This blood vessel forces blood away from the heart. You can learn so much from this quiz, so open up and test your knowledge about blood vessels.
- 1.
Which vessel type is not correctly matched with one of its functions?
- A.
Arteries - conduct blood away from the heart
- B.
Arterioles - return blood from the tissues to the atria
- C.
Capillaries - site of exchange of substances between the blood and tissue fluid
- D.
Veins - serves as a blood reservoir
Correct Answer
B. Arterioles - return blood from the tissues to the atria -
- 2.
Which blood vessel wall layer is correctly matched with a statement about its tissue structure?
- A.
Tunica externa (adventitia) - consists of smooth muscle tissue
- B.
Tunica interna (intima) - consists of a thin layer of connective tissue only
- C.
Tunica media - consists of simple squamous epithelium
- D.
Tunica media - consists of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue, the amounts and proportions of each depending on vessel type
Correct Answer
D. Tunica media - consists of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue, the amounts and proportions of each depending on vessel typeExplanation
The tunica media of a blood vessel consists of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue. The amount and proportion of each component vary depending on the type of blood vessel. This layer is responsible for regulating the diameter of the blood vessel, which in turn controls blood flow and blood pressure. The smooth muscle allows the vessel to constrict or dilate, while the elastic connective tissue provides flexibility and recoil. This arrangement of tissue structure in the tunica media allows for efficient blood circulation throughout the body.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The endothelium secretes chemicals that
- A.
Increase cardiac output
- B.
Decrease heart rate
- C.
Inhibit platelet aggregation and control blood vessel diameter
- D.
Nourish the cells in the outer half of the blood vessel wall
Correct Answer
C. Inhibit platelet aggregation and control blood vessel diameterExplanation
The endothelium is a layer of cells that lines the inner surface of blood vessels. It plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular health. One of its functions is to secrete chemicals that inhibit platelet aggregation, preventing the formation of blood clots. This is important for preventing blockages in blood vessels. Additionally, the endothelium also releases substances that control the diameter of blood vessels, known as vasodilation and vasoconstriction. This helps regulate blood flow and blood pressure. Overall, the endothelium's secretion of chemicals helps maintain the integrity and function of the cardiovascular system.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In which choice are the blood vessels correctly ranked in order of decreasing wall thickness?
- A.
Capillary, vein, artery
- B.
Artery, arteriole, metarteriole, capillary
- C.
Vein, artery, arteriole
- D.
Metarteriole, arteriole, capillary
Correct Answer
B. Artery, arteriole, metarteriole, capillaryExplanation
The correct answer is artery, arteriole, metarteriole, capillary. Arteries have the thickest walls among the given options, followed by arterioles, metarterioles, and then capillaries. Arteries are large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, and they need thick walls to withstand the high pressure of blood flow. Arterioles are smaller branches of arteries that regulate blood flow into capillaries. Metarterioles are short vessels that connect arterioles to capillaries and help regulate blood flow. Capillaries have the thinnest walls to facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and tissues.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The walls of capillaries are made of
- A.
Endothelium only
- B.
Endothelium and smooth muscle
- C.
A tunica interna and a tunica media
- D.
Smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
Correct Answer
A. Endothelium onlyExplanation
The walls of capillaries are made of endothelium only. Endothelium is a single layer of cells that lines the interior of blood vessels, including capillaries. It is a thin and delicate layer that allows for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Capillaries do not have smooth muscle or other layers like larger blood vessels, as their main function is to facilitate the exchange of substances between the blood and tissues.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which layer of the blood vessel wall anchors it to surrounding structures?
- A.
Tunica externa (adventitia)
- B.
Tunica interna (intima)
- C.
Tunica media
- D.
Internal elastic lamina
Correct Answer
A. Tunica externa (adventitia)Explanation
The tunica externa, also known as the adventitia, is the outermost layer of the blood vessel wall. It is composed of connective tissue and anchors the blood vessel to surrounding structures such as organs, muscles, and other blood vessels. This layer provides structural support and helps to protect and stabilize the blood vessel.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Choose the correct statement.
- A.
For an artery and vein of the same diameter, the vein has a thicker wall.
- B.
Veins contain valves and arteries do not.
- C.
Blood pressure is lower in arteries than in veins.
- D.
When empty, an artery is more likely to be collapsed than a vein.
Correct Answer
B. Veins contain valves and arteries do not.Explanation
Veins contain valves and arteries do not. This statement is correct because veins have valves that prevent the backflow of blood and help in directing the blood towards the heart. Arteries, on the other hand, do not have valves as they have thicker and more muscular walls that help in maintaining the blood pressure and ensuring the continuous flow of blood away from the heart.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The largest arteries are the
- A.
Conducting (elastic) arteries
- B.
Distributing (muscular) arteries
- C.
Metarterioles
- D.
Arterioles
Correct Answer
A. Conducting (elastic) arteriesExplanation
Conducting (elastic) arteries are the largest arteries in the body. They are responsible for conducting blood from the heart to smaller arteries and are characterized by their high elasticity. This elasticity allows them to expand and recoil, helping to maintain steady blood flow and reduce the pressure exerted on the smaller arteries. Distributing (muscular) arteries, metarterioles, and arterioles are smaller arteries that branch off from the conducting arteries and play a role in distributing blood to various organs and tissues.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Some capillaries contain these small openings in the endothelial lining.
- A.
Gap junctions
- B.
Fenestrations
- C.
Tight junctions
- D.
Venous valves
Correct Answer
B. FenestrationsExplanation
Fenestrations are small openings in the endothelial lining of capillaries. These openings allow for the exchange of small molecules and fluids between the capillaries and surrounding tissues. Fenestrations are important for the filtration and exchange of substances such as nutrients, waste products, and hormones. They are particularly found in capillaries of organs involved in filtration and absorption, such as the kidneys and intestines. Gap junctions, tight junctions, and venous valves are not related to the presence of small openings in the endothelial lining of capillaries.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The pulmonary circulation
- A.
Carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium
- B.
Carries blood from the left ventricle to the body and back to the right atrium
- C.
Supplies blood with a high oxygen level to all tissues of the body
- D.
Veins carry blood with a low oxygen level
Correct Answer
A. Carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atriumExplanation
The correct answer is that the pulmonary circulation carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium. This is the pathway that allows for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it picks up oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. The oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium to be pumped out to the rest of the body. This circulation is separate from the systemic circulation, which carries oxygenated blood to the body tissues.Rate this question:
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- 11.
In the pulmonary circulation, blood that leaves the pulmonary trunk next enters the
- A.
Pulmonary veins
- B.
Left and right pulmonary arteries
- C.
Pulmonary capillaries
- D.
Left atrium
Correct Answer
B. Left and right pulmonary arteriesExplanation
In the pulmonary circulation, blood that leaves the pulmonary trunk next enters the left and right pulmonary arteries. This is because the pulmonary trunk carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs, and it branches into the left and right pulmonary arteries, which then carry the blood to the respective lungs. The blood will then go through the pulmonary capillaries in the lungs, where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide, before returning to the heart through the pulmonary veins and entering the left atrium.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The left side of the pulmonary circulation contains
- A.
2 lobar arteries and 2 pulmonary veins
- B.
3 lobar arteries and 2 pulmonary veins
- C.
2 lobar arteries and 3 pulmonary veins
- D.
2 lobar arteries and 4 pulmonary veins
Correct Answer
A. 2 lobar arteries and 2 pulmonary veinsExplanation
The left side of the pulmonary circulation contains 2 lobar arteries and 2 pulmonary veins. This means that there are two arteries that supply blood to the lobes of the left lung, and two veins that carry oxygenated blood back to the heart from the left lung. This is a balanced and symmetrical arrangement, ensuring proper blood flow and oxygenation in the left lung.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Blood going to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries contains a high concentration of ______ and a low concentration of ______.
- A.
Oxygen; hemoglobin
- B.
Carbon dioxide; oxygen
- C.
Oxygen; carbon dioxide
- D.
Carbon dioxide; hemoglobin
Correct Answer
B. Carbon dioxide; oxygenExplanation
Blood going to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries contains a high concentration of carbon dioxide and a low concentration of oxygen. This is because carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product of cellular respiration in the body tissues and needs to be removed. Oxygen, on the other hand, is needed by the body tissues for cellular respiration and is therefore low in concentration in the blood going to the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Choose the correct statement.
- A.
Blood pressure in the pulmonary capillaries is lower than blood pressure in the systemic capillaries.
- B.
Blood pressure in the pulmonary trunk is higher than blood pressure in the aorta.
- C.
More blood is pumped through the systemic circulation each minute than is pumped through the pulmonary circulation.
- D.
Pulmonary circulation is powered by the left side of the heart.
Correct Answer
A. Blood pressure in the pulmonary capillaries is lower than blood pressure in the systemic capillaries.Explanation
Blood pressure in the pulmonary capillaries is lower than blood pressure in the systemic capillaries because the pulmonary circulation is a low-pressure system. This is necessary for the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) to occur efficiently in the lungs. The systemic circulation, on the other hand, is a high-pressure system that delivers oxygenated blood to the body's tissues.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which part of the circulation sends blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen?
- A.
Coronary
- B.
Portal
- C.
Pulmonary
- D.
Systemic
Correct Answer
C. PulmonaryExplanation
The correct answer is pulmonary. The pulmonary circulation is responsible for sending blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen. This circulation involves the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. In the lungs, oxygen is taken up by red blood cells and carbon dioxide is released. This oxygenated blood is then returned to the heart to be pumped to the rest of the body through the systemic circulation.Rate this question:
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- 16.
In which choice are the subdivisions of the aorta in correct order from central to peripheral?
- A.
Thoracic aorta, aortic arch, abdominal aorta
- B.
Aortic arch, ascending aorta, descending aorta
- C.
Descending aorta, aortic arch, ascending aorta
- D.
Ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta
Correct Answer
D. Ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aortaExplanation
The correct answer is ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta. This is the correct order of subdivisions of the aorta from central to peripheral. The ascending aorta is the first part of the aorta that arises from the left ventricle of the heart. It then leads to the aortic arch, which is a curved portion of the aorta. From there, the aorta continues as the thoracic aorta, which runs through the chest. Finally, it becomes the abdominal aorta, which runs through the abdomen.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which part of the aorta is attached to the heart?
- A.
Abdominal aorta
- B.
Aortic arch
- C.
Ascending aorta
- D.
Thoracic aorta
Correct Answer
C. Ascending aortaExplanation
The ascending aorta is the part of the aorta that is directly attached to the heart. It is located at the base of the heart and extends upward, carrying oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. The ascending aorta is responsible for supplying blood to the coronary arteries, which provide oxygen to the heart muscle itself.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of these is not a branch of the aortic arch?
- A.
Left subclavian artery
- B.
Right common carotid artery
- C.
Left common carotid artery
- D.
Brachiocephalic artery
Correct Answer
B. Right common carotid arteryExplanation
The right common carotid artery is not a branch of the aortic arch. The aortic arch gives rise to three branches: the brachiocephalic artery, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. The right common carotid artery is a branch of the brachiocephalic artery, which in turn is a branch of the aortic arch. Therefore, it is not a direct branch of the aortic arch.Rate this question:
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- 19.
In which choice would a blood clot in the artery named on the left prevent blood from entering the artery named on the right?
- A.
Right radial; right brachial
- B.
Left common carotid; left internal carotid
- C.
Left femoral; left internal iliac
- D.
Common hepatic; celiac
Correct Answer
B. Left common carotid; left internal carotidExplanation
If a blood clot forms in the left common carotid artery, it would prevent blood from entering the left internal carotid artery. The common carotid artery is a major blood vessel that branches into the internal carotid artery, which supplies blood to the brain. If there is a clot in the common carotid artery, it would obstruct blood flow to the internal carotid artery, leading to a decrease in blood supply to the brain.Rate this question:
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- 20.
At the bifurcation (division) of each common carotid artery there is a structure called the _______ that contains _______.
- A.
Coronary sinus; capillaries
- B.
Sagittal sinus; arachnoid villi
- C.
Frontal sinus; capillaries
- D.
Carotid sinus; baroreceptors
Correct Answer
D. Carotid sinus; baroreceptorsExplanation
The correct answer is "carotid sinus; baroreceptors". At the bifurcation of each common carotid artery, there is a structure called the carotid sinus. The carotid sinus contains specialized sensory cells called baroreceptors. These baroreceptors monitor blood pressure and help regulate it by sending signals to the brain to adjust heart rate and blood vessel diameter. The other options mentioned in the question, such as coronary sinus, sagittal sinus, and frontal sinus, are not located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and do not contain baroreceptors.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of these arteries is found in the arm?
- A.
Axillary
- B.
Brachial
- C.
Femoral
- D.
Pedal
Correct Answer
B. BrachialExplanation
The brachial artery is found in the arm. It is a major blood vessel that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It is responsible for supplying blood to the muscles of the upper arm and forearm. The axillary artery is found in the armpit, the femoral artery is found in the thigh, and the pedal artery is found in the foot. Therefore, the correct answer is brachial.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The descending aorta consists of these two subdivisions
- A.
External and internal
- B.
Apical and basal
- C.
Dorsal and ventral
- D.
Thoracic and abdominal
Correct Answer
D. Thoracic and abdominalExplanation
The descending aorta refers to the part of the aorta that extends downwards from the arch of the aorta. It is divided into two subdivisions, which are the thoracic and abdominal regions. The thoracic region of the descending aorta is located in the chest cavity and supplies blood to the organs and tissues in this area. The abdominal region of the descending aorta is located in the abdomen and supplies blood to the organs and tissues in this region.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The first vessels to branch off the aorta are the
- A.
Coronary arteries
- B.
Common carotid arteries
- C.
Brachoicephalic arteries
- D.
Subclavian arteries
Correct Answer
A. Coronary arteriesExplanation
The coronary arteries are the first vessels to branch off the aorta. These arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself, ensuring that it receives the necessary nutrients and oxygen for proper functioning. Without the coronary arteries, the heart would not be able to pump blood effectively, leading to various cardiovascular complications. Therefore, it is crucial for these arteries to be the first to branch off the aorta to ensure the heart's well-being.Rate this question:
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- 24.
This group of vessels supplies blood to the myocardium.
- A.
Cerebral
- B.
Coronary
- C.
Mesenteric
- D.
Pulmonary
Correct Answer
B. CoronaryExplanation
The group of vessels that supplies blood to the myocardium is known as the coronary vessels. These vessels are responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle, allowing it to function properly. The other options, cerebral, mesenteric, and pulmonary, are not related to the blood supply of the myocardium.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Blood returning to the heart from the arms, shoulders, and head passes through the
- A.
Inferior vena cava
- B.
Superior vena cava
- C.
Celiac trunk
- D.
Hepatic portal system
Correct Answer
B. Superior vena cavaExplanation
The blood returning to the heart from the arms, shoulders, and head passes through the superior vena cava. The superior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium of the heart. It receives blood from the upper body through the jugular, subclavian, and brachiocephalic veins. This blood is then pumped into the right atrium and subsequently flows into the right ventricle for oxygenation in the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The intercostal veins drain blood from the
- A.
Spleen, pancreas, and stomach
- B.
Muscles of the neck
- C.
Muscles of the lower back
- D.
Spaces between the ribs
Correct Answer
D. Spaces between the ribsExplanation
The intercostal veins are responsible for draining blood from the spaces between the ribs. These veins run parallel to the intercostal arteries, which supply blood to the muscles and tissues between the ribs. The intercostal veins collect deoxygenated blood from these spaces and carry it back to the heart for oxygenation. This is an important function as it helps to maintain proper circulation and oxygen supply to the chest wall and surrounding tissues.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Blood from the pelvic organs and exernal genitalia are drained by which vein?
- A.
Suprarenal
- B.
Internal iliac
- C.
Femoral
- D.
Lumbar
Correct Answer
B. Internal iliacExplanation
The internal iliac vein drains blood from the pelvic organs and external genitalia. It is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The other options, such as suprarenal, femoral, and lumbar veins, are not involved in draining blood from the pelvic organs and external genitalia.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Blood from the venous sinuses in the cranium leaves the head by way of the
- A.
Cephalic vein
- B.
External jugular vein
- C.
Internal jugular vein
- D.
Azygous vein
Correct Answer
C. Internal jugular veinExplanation
The internal jugular vein is the correct answer because it is the main vein that drains blood from the brain and the majority of the face and neck. It is located deep within the neck and runs alongside the carotid artery. The blood from the venous sinuses in the cranium flows into the internal jugular vein, which then carries it back to the heart for oxygenation. The other options (cephalic vein, external jugular vein, azygous vein) do not play a significant role in draining blood from the head.Rate this question:
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- 29.
When someone is not exercising, most of his total blood volume is in the
- A.
Heart
- B.
Arteries
- C.
Capillaries
- D.
Veins
Correct Answer
D. VeinsExplanation
When someone is not exercising, most of their total blood volume is in the veins. Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart from various parts of the body. During periods of rest or inactivity, the blood tends to pool in the veins due to the effects of gravity. This leads to an increased volume of blood in the veins compared to other blood vessels such as arteries and capillaries.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Blood is moved through the vascular system by
- A.
Valves in the walls of the blood vessels
- B.
Peristalsis caused by the smooth muscle in the blood vessel walls
- C.
Pressure gradients created by the heart
- D.
Osmotic pressure
Correct Answer
C. Pressure gradients created by the heartExplanation
Blood is moved through the vascular system by pressure gradients created by the heart. The heart acts as a pump, contracting and relaxing to create pressure differences that propel the blood forward. When the heart contracts (systole), it creates a high-pressure zone that pushes blood into the arteries. During relaxation (diastole), the pressure in the heart decreases, allowing blood to flow from the veins into the heart. This continuous cycle of contraction and relaxation generates pressure gradients that drive the movement of blood throughout the body.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following is not an important factor controlling venous blood flow?
- A.
Positive cardiac pressure
- B.
Negative cardiac pressure
- C.
Venous valves
- D.
Contraction of skeletal muscles
Correct Answer
A. Positive cardiac pressureExplanation
Positive cardiac pressure is not an important factor controlling venous blood flow. Venous blood flow is primarily determined by factors such as venous valves, which prevent backflow of blood, and the contraction of skeletal muscles, which helps propel blood back to the heart. Negative cardiac pressure, created by the relaxation of the heart, also aids in venous blood flow by creating a pressure gradient. However, positive cardiac pressure, which occurs during the contraction of the heart, does not directly affect venous blood flow as the venous system operates at lower pressures compared to the arterial system.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Vasoconstriction
- A.
Occurs when smooth muscle in the vessel wall relaxes
- B.
Can be caused by signals from the sympathetic nervous system
- C.
Increases blood flow in the constricted vessel
- D.
Decreases blood pressure in the constricted vessel.
Correct Answer
B. Can be caused by signals from the sympathetic nervous systemExplanation
Vasoconstriction refers to the narrowing of blood vessels, which can be caused by signals from the sympathetic nervous system. When the sympathetic nervous system is activated, it releases neurotransmitters that bind to receptors on smooth muscle cells in the vessel wall. This binding causes the smooth muscle to contract, leading to vasoconstriction. As a result of vasoconstriction, the diameter of the blood vessel decreases, which increases resistance to blood flow and reduces the amount of blood that can flow through the vessel. This ultimately leads to a decrease in blood pressure in the constricted vessel.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The maximum pressure developed in a systemic artery
- A.
Is called the systolic pressure
- B.
Occurs during ventricular diastole
- C.
Is called pulse pressure
- D.
Occurs during atrial systole
Correct Answer
A. Is called the systolic pressureExplanation
The maximum pressure developed in a systemic artery is called the systolic pressure. This refers to the highest pressure exerted on the arterial walls when the ventricles of the heart contract and pump blood into the arteries. During this phase, the arteries experience the greatest force and the blood is pushed forward into the circulation. The systolic pressure is an important measure of cardiovascular health and is typically recorded as the top number in a blood pressure reading.Rate this question:
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- 34.
If a person's blood pressure is 110/70, then the
- A.
Pulse pressure is 40 mm/Hg
- B.
Diastolic pressure is 40 mm/Hg
- C.
Systolic pressure is 70 mm/Hg
- D.
Mean arterial pressure is 120 mm/Hg
Correct Answer
A. Pulse pressure is 40 mm/HgExplanation
The pulse pressure is calculated by subtracting the diastolic pressure from the systolic pressure. In this case, the systolic pressure is 70 mm/Hg and the diastolic pressure is 70 mm/Hg, so the pulse pressure is 40 mm/Hg.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Pulse pressure is calculated by
- A.
Adding diastolic pressure to systolic pressure
- B.
Subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure
- C.
Adding the diastolic and systolic pressure, then dividing by 2
- D.
Adding one-third of the difference between the diastolic and the systolic pressure to the diastolic pressure.
Correct Answer
B. Subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressureExplanation
The correct answer is subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure. Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures. By subtracting the diastolic pressure from the systolic pressure, we can determine the pulse pressure.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Friction between the blood and vessel walls
- A.
Decreases blood pressure
- B.
Causes peripheral resistance
- C.
Increases blood flow
- D.
Increases as blood viscosity decreases
Correct Answer
B. Causes peripHeral resistanceExplanation
Friction between the blood and vessel walls causes peripheral resistance. This means that as blood flows through the blood vessels, it encounters resistance due to the friction between the blood and the walls of the vessels. This resistance can impede the flow of blood, leading to an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, the statement "causes peripheral resistance" is a correct explanation for the given answer.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Vasoconstriction
- A.
Is caused by relaxation of smooth muscle in the blood vessel walls
- B.
Decreases peripheral resistance
- C.
Increases arterial blood pressure
- D.
Decreases cardiac output
Correct Answer
C. Increases arterial blood pressureExplanation
Vasoconstriction refers to the narrowing of blood vessels due to the contraction of smooth muscle in their walls. When the blood vessels constrict, the space through which blood can flow becomes smaller. This results in an increase in arterial blood pressure because the same amount of blood is now being forced through a smaller space, leading to increased pressure against the vessel walls. Therefore, the given answer that vasoconstriction increases arterial blood pressure is correct.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which of these factors would increase peripheral resistance?
- A.
Increased blood viscosity
- B.
Decreased hematocrit
- C.
Increased vessel radius
- D.
Decreased blood volume
Correct Answer
A. Increased blood viscosityExplanation
Increased blood viscosity refers to the thickness or stickiness of the blood. When the blood becomes more viscous, it flows less easily through the blood vessels, leading to increased resistance. This is because the thicker blood requires more force to push it through the vessels, resulting in higher peripheral resistance. Therefore, increased blood viscosity is a factor that would increase peripheral resistance.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The major factors determining blood pressure are
- A.
Cardiac output and peripheral resistance
- B.
End systolic volume and end diastolic volume
- C.
The length of the blood vessels and the thickness of their walls
- D.
The level of carbon dioxide and the level of oxygen in the blood
Correct Answer
A. Cardiac output and peripHeral resistanceExplanation
The major factors determining blood pressure are cardiac output and peripheral resistance. Cardiac output refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, while peripheral resistance refers to the resistance encountered by the blood flow in the blood vessels. When the heart pumps more blood or encounters higher resistance, it leads to an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, these two factors play a crucial role in determining blood pressure levels.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Venous return would be increased by
- A.
Dilation of the veins
- B.
Loss of the venous valves
- C.
Increased skeletal muscle activity
- D.
Decreased respiratory rate
Correct Answer
C. Increased skeletal muscle activityExplanation
Increased skeletal muscle activity can increase venous return because it helps to squeeze the veins, pushing the blood towards the heart. When skeletal muscles contract during exercise or physical activity, they put pressure on the veins, causing the blood to flow more efficiently. This increased blood flow leads to an increase in venous return, which refers to the amount of blood returning to the heart from the veins.Rate this question:
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- 41.
This material typically cannot move through the capillary wall.
- A.
Carbon dioxide
- B.
Oxygen
- C.
Protein
- D.
Water
Correct Answer
C. ProteinExplanation
Proteins are large molecules that cannot easily pass through the capillary wall due to their size. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body, and their walls are thin and permeable to allow for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. However, proteins are too large to pass through these small openings and therefore cannot move through the capillary wall.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Which of these pressures pulls water into capillaries?
- A.
Blood hydrostatic pressure
- B.
Blood colloid osmotic pressure
- C.
Tissue hydrostatic pressure
- D.
Tissue colloid osmotic pressure
Correct Answer
B. Blood colloid osmotic pressureExplanation
Blood colloid osmotic pressure is the correct answer because it refers to the pressure exerted by proteins in the blood plasma that draws water into the capillaries. This pressure is created by the difference in solute concentration between the blood and the interstitial fluid. As a result, water moves from an area of lower solute concentration (interstitial fluid) to an area of higher solute concentration (blood), helping to maintain fluid balance and prevent fluid from leaking out of the capillaries.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which statement is correct?
- A.
Blood pressure is higher at the venule end of a capillary than at the arteriole end.
- B.
Blood pressure is the same at the arteriole and venule ends of a capillary.
- C.
Colloid osmotic pressure is higher at the arteriole end of a capillary.
- D.
Filtration is greater at the arteriole end of a capillary that at the venule end.
Correct Answer
D. Filtration is greater at the arteriole end of a capillary that at the venule end.Explanation
Filtration is greater at the arteriole end of a capillary than at the venule end because of the higher blood pressure at the arteriole end. This higher pressure forces fluid and small molecules out of the capillary into the surrounding tissues, while at the venule end, the lower pressure allows for reabsorption of some of the fluid back into the capillary.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Which of these would increase the movement of fluid out of the capillaries?
- A.
Increase in blood pressure
- B.
Increase in plasma colloid osmotic pressure
- C.
Increase in tissue hydrostatic pressure
- D.
Decrease in tissue colloid osmotic pressure
Correct Answer
A. Increase in blood pressureExplanation
An increase in blood pressure would increase the movement of fluid out of the capillaries. This is because an increase in blood pressure would create a greater force pushing against the capillary walls, causing fluid to be pushed out of the capillaries and into the surrounding tissues.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Blood flow to a tissue increases if the
- A.
Level of oxygen in the tissue increases
- B.
Level of carbon dioxide in the tissue increases
- C.
Tissue fluid pH rises
- D.
Vessel constricts
Correct Answer
B. Level of carbon dioxide in the tissue increasesExplanation
When the level of carbon dioxide in the tissue increases, it triggers a physiological response known as vasodilation. This causes the blood vessels in the tissue to relax and widen, allowing for increased blood flow. This response is important because it helps to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the tissue and remove waste products, such as carbon dioxide. Therefore, an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the tissue leads to an increase in blood flow.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Which of the following factors would increase blood flow to a tissue?
- A.
Increased temperature
- B.
Increased pH
- C.
Decreased CO2
- D.
Increased blood pressure
Correct Answer
A. Increased temperatureExplanation
An increase in temperature causes blood vessels in the tissue to dilate, allowing more blood to flow through them. This is known as vasodilation. Vasodilation increases blood flow to the tissue, delivering more oxygen and nutrients to support cellular activities. Additionally, increased temperature can also enhance metabolic activity, leading to increased demand for oxygen and nutrients, further promoting blood flow to the tissue.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Which of the following would decrease mean arterial blood pressure?
- A.
Constriction of the arterioles
- B.
Dilation of the arterioles
- C.
Increased blood volume
- D.
Increased resistance
Correct Answer
B. Dilation of the arteriolesExplanation
Dilation of the arterioles would decrease mean arterial blood pressure. Arterioles are small blood vessels that regulate blood flow and resistance. When arterioles dilate, the diameter of the blood vessels increases, allowing more blood to flow through with less resistance. This leads to a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure because the pressure exerted on the arterial walls decreases.Rate this question:
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- 48.
In which choice is the factor on the left not correctly matched with its effect on the right?
- A.
Increased heart rate; increased blood pressure
- B.
Decreased stroke volume; decreased cardiac output
- C.
Increased blood volume; increased blood pressure
- D.
Decreased peripheral resistance; increased blood pressure
Correct Answer
D. Decreased peripHeral resistance; increased blood pressureExplanation
The factor on the left, "decreased peripheral resistance," is not correctly matched with its effect on the right, "increased blood pressure." In reality, decreased peripheral resistance would result in decreased blood pressure, not increased blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 49.
If the blood pressure is elevated, the cardiovascular centers would compensate by
- A.
Increasing the heart rate
- B.
Sending sympathetic signals to the myocardial cells
- C.
Increasing cardiac output
- D.
Causing vasodilation
Correct Answer
D. Causing vasodilationExplanation
When blood pressure is elevated, the cardiovascular centers in the body would compensate by causing vasodilation. Vasodilation refers to the widening of blood vessels, which helps to reduce blood pressure by increasing the diameter of the vessels and allowing more blood to flow through them. This helps to decrease resistance to blood flow and ultimately lowers blood pressure. By causing vasodilation, the cardiovascular centers aim to restore blood pressure to normal levels and maintain homeostasis in the body.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Which of the following would decrease mean arterial blood pressure?
- A.
Constriction of arterioles
- B.
Dilation of the arterioles
- C.
Increased blood volume
- D.
Increased peripheral resistance
Correct Answer
B. Dilation of the arteriolesExplanation
Dilation of the arterioles would decrease mean arterial blood pressure. Arterioles are small blood vessels that regulate blood flow and resistance. When arterioles dilate, the diameter of the blood vessels increases, allowing more blood to flow through them. This results in a decrease in peripheral resistance, which in turn decreases mean arterial blood pressure.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Feb 12, 2015Quiz Created by
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