Brain STEM 1
This is a quiz that covers Leo's first lecture for the second BNS test. Its titled the brainstem
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Cranial nerves 3 and 4 come out of the
- A.
Medulla
- B.
Pons
- C.
Midbrain
- D.
Cerebellum
- E.
Foot
Correct Answer
C. MidbrainExplanation
Cranial nerves 3 and 4 come out of the midbrain. The midbrain is a part of the brainstem located between the pons and the diencephalon. It plays a crucial role in relaying sensory and motor information between the brain and the rest of the body. Cranial nerves 3 and 4, also known as the oculomotor and trochlear nerves respectively, are responsible for controlling eye movements. Therefore, it is logical that these nerves would originate from the midbrain, which is involved in the coordination of visual and motor functions.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Trigeminal come out of the
- A.
Medulla
- B.
Pons
- C.
Midbrain
- D.
Cerebellum
- E.
Back
Correct Answer
B. PonsExplanation
The trigeminal nerve is the fifth cranial nerve and is responsible for sensory information from the face and motor control of the muscles involved in chewing. It emerges from the brainstem, specifically from the pons. The pons is located in the upper part of the brainstem, between the midbrain and the medulla. Therefore, the correct answer is pons, as this is the specific region where the trigeminal nerve originates from.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What two nerves come out at the pontomedullary junction
- A.
CN III
- B.
CN VI
- C.
CN V
- D.
CN VII
- E.
CN IV
Correct Answer(s)
B. CN VI
D. CN VIIExplanation
The correct answer is CN VI and CN VII. At the pontomedullary junction, two cranial nerves emerge: CN VI (abducens nerve) and CN VII (facial nerve). The abducens nerve controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, which is responsible for eye abduction. The facial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression and also carries taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which cranial nerves come out at the medulla
- A.
CN X
- B.
CN VIII
- C.
CN XI
- D.
CN XII
- E.
CN IX
- F.
CN VII
Correct Answer(s)
A. CN X
B. CN VIII
C. CN XI
D. CN XII
E. CN IXExplanation
The cranial nerves that come out at the medulla are CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear Nerve), CN IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve), CN X (Vagus nerve), CN XI (Accessory nerve), and CN XII (Hypoglossal nerve). The medulla is the lower part of the brainstem, and these cranial nerves originate from this region. CN VIII is responsible for functions related to hearing and balance. CN IX is involved in functions such as swallowing, taste sensation, and monitoring blood pressure and oxygen levels. CN X is responsible for controlling various organs in the thorax and abdomen, CN XI is involved in controlling neck and shoulder movements, and CN XII controls the movements of the tongue.Rate this question:
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- 5.
THE INTERPEDUNCULAR FOSSA IS LOCATED WHERE
- A.
MIDBRAIN
- B.
PONS
- C.
MEDULLA
Correct Answer
A. MIDBRAINExplanation
The interpeduncular fossa is a depression located in the midbrain. It is situated between the cerebral peduncles, which are part of the midbrain. This fossa serves as a passageway for important structures such as the oculomotor nerve and posterior cerebral arteries. It also contains the interpeduncular cistern, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Therefore, the correct answer is MIDBRAIN.Rate this question:
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- 6.
WHICH CRANIAL NERVE EXITS THROUGH THE INTERPEDUNCULAR FOSSA
- A.
III
- B.
IV
- C.
V
- D.
VI
- E.
XL
Correct Answer
A. IIIExplanation
The correct answer is III. The cranial nerve that exits through the interpeduncular fossa is the third cranial nerve, also known as the oculomotor nerve. This nerve controls the movement of the eye muscles and also plays a role in pupil constriction and accommodation. It exits through the interpeduncular fossa, which is a small space located between the cerebral peduncles in the midbrain.Rate this question:
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- 7.
THE EDINGER WESTpHALL NUCLEUS CONTROLS_______ FOR CN __________
- A.
SYMPATHETICS, III
- B.
MOTOR, IV
- C.
PARASYMPATHETICS, IV
- D.
PARASYMPATHETICS, III
- E.
MOTOR, III
Correct Answer
D. PARASYMPATHETICS, IIIExplanation
The Edinger-Westphal nucleus controls parasympathetics for CN III. This means that the Edinger-Westphal nucleus is responsible for regulating the parasympathetic functions of cranial nerve III, which is the oculomotor nerve. The parasympathetic functions of CN III include controlling the constriction of the pupil and the accommodation of the lens for near vision.Rate this question:
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- 8.
WHICH CN EXITS THE DORSAL SIDE OF THE BRAIN
- A.
IV
- B.
V
- C.
III
- D.
VI
- E.
XI
Correct Answer
A. IVExplanation
CN IV, also known as the trochlear nerve, exits the dorsal side of the brain. It is the smallest cranial nerve and is responsible for controlling the superior oblique muscle of the eye, which helps with downward and inward eye movements. The other cranial nerves listed (V, III, VI, XI) do not exit the dorsal side of the brain.Rate this question:
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- 9.
CN IV TRAVELS RIGHT BELOW THE
- A.
SUPERIOR COLLICULUS
- B.
INFERIOR COLLICULUS
- C.
INTERMEDIATE COLLICULUS
- D.
MIDDLE COLLICULUS
Correct Answer
B. INFERIOR COLLICULUSExplanation
The correct answer is "INFERIOR COLLICULUS". The trochlear nerve (CN IV) travels right below the inferior colliculus. The inferior colliculus is part of the midbrain and is involved in processing auditory information.Rate this question:
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- 10.
CN ________ GOES RIGHT THROUGH THE _________ TRACT
- A.
IV, SPINAL THALAMIC
- B.
VI, CORTIOSPINAL
- C.
IV, CORTICOSPINAL
- D.
VI, SPINAL THALAMIC
Correct Answer
B. VI, CORTIOSPINALExplanation
The correct answer is VI, CORTIOSPINAL. The question is asking about the pathway that goes right through the corticospinal tract. The corticospinal tract is responsible for voluntary movement and connects the motor cortex in the brain to the spinal cord. Therefore, the correct answer is VI, CORTIOSPINAL.Rate this question:
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- 11.
THE FACIAL COLLICULUS IS THE LITTLE BUMP IN THE _______ VENTRICLE
- A.
2ND
- B.
4TH
- C.
3RD
- D.
1ST
- E.
5TH
Correct Answer
B. 4THExplanation
The facial colliculus is a small bump located in the 4th ventricle. The ventricles are interconnected cavities in the brain that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid. The 4th ventricle is located in the brainstem, between the pons and the cerebellum. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of cerebrospinal fluid and is involved in various functions such as motor coordination, balance, and sensory processing.Rate this question:
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- 12.
THE FACIAL COLLICULUS IS MADE UP OF CN VII AND WHAT OTHER CN NUCLEUS?
- A.
V
- B.
VI
- C.
VII
- D.
IV
- E.
IX
Correct Answer
D. IVExplanation
The facial colliculus is made up of the facial nerve (CN VII) and the abducens nerve (CN VI). The abducens nerve is responsible for controlling the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, which abducts the eye. The facial nerve controls the muscles of facial expression, as well as taste sensation in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Together, these two cranial nerves play a crucial role in the control of facial movements and eye movements.Rate this question:
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- 13.
PATIENTS COMMONLY PRESENT WITH A HEAD TILT WITH A CN___ LESION
- A.
II
- B.
III
- C.
IV
- D.
V
- E.
VI
Correct Answer
C. IVExplanation
Patients commonly present with a head tilt with a CN IV lesion. Cranial nerve IV, also known as the trochlear nerve, is responsible for innervating the superior oblique muscle, which controls downward and inward eye movement. When there is a lesion or dysfunction of CN IV, it can result in weakness or paralysis of the superior oblique muscle, leading to a head tilt to compensate for the affected eye's inability to move downward. Therefore, a head tilt is commonly seen in patients with a CN IV lesion.Rate this question:
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- 14.
WHICH WAY DOES THE HEAD TILT
- A.
TOWARD THE DAMAGED SIDE
- B.
AWAY FROM THE DAMAGED SIDE
Correct Answer
B. AWAY FROM THE DAMAGED SIDEExplanation
When a person has damage or injury to one side of their head, the head will typically tilt away from the damaged side. This is because the muscles on the unaffected side of the head will be stronger and more active, causing the head to tilt in that direction. Tilting away from the damaged side helps to alleviate any pain or discomfort and allows for better balance and coordination.Rate this question:
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- 15.
WITH A CN III LESION THE EYE GOES
- A.
DOWN AND IN
- B.
IN AND OUT
- C.
UP AND OUT
- D.
DOWN AND OUT
- E.
UP AND DOWN
Correct Answer
D. DOWN AND OUTExplanation
When there is a CN III (third cranial nerve) lesion, the eye goes "down and out." This means that the affected eye will be positioned lower and turned outward. The CN III is responsible for controlling the movement of certain eye muscles, including the superior rectus and the medial rectus muscles. When this nerve is damaged, it leads to weakness or paralysis of these muscles, causing the eye to move downward and outward.Rate this question:
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- 16.
THE EYE WILL DEVIATE MEDIALLY WITH A CN_____ LESION
- A.
III
- B.
IV
- C.
V
- D.
VI
Correct Answer
D. VIExplanation
When there is a lesion or damage to the sixth cranial nerve (CN VI), the eye will deviate medially. CN VI, also known as the abducens nerve, innervates the lateral rectus muscle, which is responsible for outward movement of the eye. When CN VI is affected, the lateral rectus muscle is weakened or paralyzed, causing the eye to deviate medially or inward. This condition is known as medial strabismus or esotropia.Rate this question:
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- 17.
WITH A CN ____ LESION, THE JAW WILL DEVIATE ______ THE AFFECTED SIDE
- A.
V, AWAY
- B.
V, TOWARD
- C.
VII, AWAY
- D.
VII, TOWARD
Correct Answer
B. V, TOWARDExplanation
With a CN V lesion, the jaw will deviate toward the affected side.Rate this question:
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- 18.
WHAT MUSCLE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PREVIOUS QUESTION
- A.
BUCCINATOR
- B.
MED. PTERYGOID
- C.
LAT. PTERYGOID
- D.
MASSETER
Correct Answer
C. LAT. PTERYGOIDExplanation
The lateral pterygoid muscle is responsible for the movement of the jaw. It helps in opening the mouth, moving the jaw from side to side, and protruding the jaw forward. This muscle is located in the jaw joint area and works in coordination with other muscles to facilitate chewing and speaking.Rate this question:
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- 19.
NUCLEUS AMBIGUOUS DOES THE MUSCLES OF THE
- A.
PHARYNX
- B.
LARYNX
- C.
PALATE
- D.
MASTICATION
- E.
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Correct Answer(s)
A. pHARYNX
B. LARYNX
C. PALATEExplanation
The correct answer is "PHARYNX, LARYNX, PALATE". These three structures, the pharynx, larynx, and palate, are all involved in the process of swallowing and vocalization. The pharynx serves as a passageway for food and air, the larynx houses the vocal cords and is responsible for producing sound, and the palate helps to close off the nasal cavity during swallowing to prevent food from entering the nose. Therefore, all of these structures are involved in the muscular actions required for these functions.Rate this question:
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- 20.
THE CORTICOBULBAR TRACT DECUSSATES WITH CORTICOSPINAL
- A.
TRUE
- B.
FALSE
Correct Answer
B. FALSEExplanation
C.BULBAR DECUSSATES AT THE LEVEL OF EACH TARGETRate this question:
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- 21.
WHAT IS IT CALLED WHEN A PATIENT HAS MIXED MOTOR PROBLEMS FROM A LESION
Correct Answer
ALTERNATING HEMIPLEGIA
HEMIPLEGIA
INFERIOR ALTERNATING HEMIPLEGIA - 22.
WHERE WOULD THE LESION BE IN A PATIENT WITH A SUPERIOR ALTERNATING HEMIPLEGIA
- A.
MIDBRAIN
- B.
PONS
- C.
MEDULLA
- D.
CORTEX
- E.
CEREBELLUM
Correct Answer
A. MIDBRAINExplanation
A patient with a superior alternating hemiplegia would have a lesion in the midbrain. This condition is characterized by paralysis or weakness on one side of the body that alternates between episodes. The midbrain is responsible for controlling motor functions, including movement of the limbs. Therefore, a lesion in the midbrain would disrupt the normal functioning of the motor pathways, leading to the symptoms seen in superior alternating hemiplegia.Rate this question:
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- 23.
WHAT CONDITION WOULD THE PATIENT FROM QUESTION 23 HAVE?
- A.
DRIFTING TONGUE
- B.
MEDIALLY DEVIATED EYE
- C.
INFERIOR AND LATERAL EYE
- D.
SUPERIOR AND MEDIAL EYE
- E.
IN AND OUT EYE
Correct Answer
C. INFERIOR AND LATERAL EYEExplanation
The patient from question 23 would have an inferior and lateral eye condition. This means that their eye is positioned lower and towards the outer side of the face.Rate this question:
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- 24.
CORTICOBULBAR IS TYPICALLY IPSILATERAL
- A.
TRUE
- B.
FALSE, CONTRALATERAL
- C.
FALSE, BILATERAL
Correct Answer
C. FALSE, BILATERALExplanation
BILATERALRate this question:
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- 25.
A LESION IN THE CORTEX OF CN VII WILL CAUSE A PATIENT TO LOSE
- A.
CONTRALATERAL LOWER FACE, IPSILATERAL UPPER FACE
- B.
CONTRALATERAL LOWER FACE, CONTRALATER LOWER FACE
- C.
IPSILATERAL LOWER FACE, CONTRALATERAL UPPER FACE
- D.
IPSILATERAL LOWER FACE, IPSILATERAL UPPER FACE
- E.
CONTRALATERAL LOWER FACE ONLY
Correct Answer
E. CONTRALATERAL LOWER FACE ONLYExplanation
A lesion in the cortex of CN VII will cause a patient to lose contralateral lower face only. This means that the patient will experience paralysis or weakness in the muscles of the lower face on the opposite side of the lesion. The upper face will not be affected because the upper facial muscles receive bilateral innervation from both sides of the brain.Rate this question:
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- 26.
A LESION IN THE NUCLEUS OF CN VII WILL CAUSE A PATIENT TO LOSE HALF OF THE ENTIRE FACE ON THE __________ SIDE
- A.
IPSILATERAL
- B.
CONTRALATERAL
- C.
BILATERAL
Correct Answer
A. IPSILATERALExplanation
A lesion in the nucleus of CN VII will cause a patient to lose half of the entire face on the ipsilateral side. This means that the facial paralysis or loss of sensation will occur on the same side as the lesion. The term "ipsilateral" refers to a condition or symptom occurring on the same side of the body as the affected structure or area. In this case, since the lesion is in the nucleus of CN VII, which controls the facial muscles, the patient will experience facial paralysis or loss of sensation on the same side as the lesion.Rate this question:
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- 27.
CN_____ ISN'T REALLY A TRUE CN BECAUSE ITS NUCLEUS IS IN THE SPINAL CORD
- A.
X
- B.
XI
- C.
XII
- D.
IX
Correct Answer
B. XI -
- 28.
WHICH SEGMENTS MAKE UP THE ACCESSORY NUCLEUS OF CN XI?
- A.
C1-C4
- B.
C1-C5
- C.
C1-C7
- D.
C2-C5
- E.
C2-C4
Correct Answer
B. C1-C5Explanation
The accessory nucleus of CN XI is composed of segments C1-C5. This means that the nerve fibers originating from these segments form the accessory nucleus, which is responsible for controlling the muscles of the neck and shoulder.Rate this question:
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- 29.
THE SPINAL TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS DOES
- A.
SENSATION TO THE FACE
- B.
TASTE
- C.
MASTICATION
- D.
PAIN AND TEMP
Correct Answer
D. PAIN AND TEMPExplanation
The spinal trigeminal nucleus is responsible for processing pain and temperature sensations from the face. It receives input from the trigeminal nerve, which carries sensory information from the face to the brain. This nucleus plays a crucial role in detecting and transmitting pain and temperature signals, allowing us to perceive and respond to potential harm or changes in temperature on our face.Rate this question:
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- 30.
VENTRALTRIGEMINAL THALAMIC TRACT CONTAINS ____ NEURONS
- A.
1ST ORDER
- B.
2ND ORDER
- C.
3RD ORDER
- D.
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Correct Answer
B. 2ND ORDERExplanation
The ventraltrigeminal thalamic tract contains 2nd order neurons. This tract is responsible for relaying sensory information from the face and head to the thalamus. The 1st order neurons carry the sensory information from the face and head to the brainstem, where they synapse with the 2nd order neurons. The 2nd order neurons then carry the information from the brainstem to the thalamus. Therefore, the correct answer is 2nd order.Rate this question:
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- 31.
VTT IS EQUIVALENT TO
- A.
SPINAL THALAMIC
- B.
CORTIOSPINAL
- C.
DORSAL COLUMNS
- D.
VENTRAL HORN
- E.
DORSAL HORN
Correct Answer
A. SPINAL THALAMICExplanation
The correct answer is SPINAL THALAMIC. The term "VTT" refers to the Ventral Tegmental Tract, which is a bundle of nerve fibers in the brain. However, none of the given options match with the term "VTT". Therefore, the question is incomplete or not readable, and an accurate explanation cannot be provided.Rate this question:
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- 32.
LESION IN VTT WILL CAUSE _______ SYMPTOMS
- A.
CONTRALATERAL
- B.
IPSILATERAL
Correct Answer
A. CONTRALATERALExplanation
A lesion in the VTT (ventral tegmental area) will cause contralateral symptoms. This means that the symptoms will appear on the opposite side of the body from where the lesion is located.Rate this question:
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- 33.
SPINAL TRIGEMINAL IS EQUIVALENT TO
- A.
SPINAL THALAMIC
- B.
CORTICOSPINAL
- C.
DORSAL COLUMNS
- D.
VENTRAL HORN
- E.
DORSAL HORN
Correct Answer
E. DORSAL HORNExplanation
The spinal trigeminal is equivalent to the dorsal horn. The spinal trigeminal is a sensory nucleus located in the medulla that receives pain and temperature sensations from the face and head. The dorsal horn, on the other hand, is a region of gray matter in the spinal cord that receives sensory information from the body. Both the spinal trigeminal and the dorsal horn are involved in processing sensory information, making them equivalent in function.Rate this question:
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- 34.
THE MAIN SENSORY NUCLEUS OF CN V DOES
- A.
TASTE
- B.
TOUCH
- C.
PAIN
- D.
TEMP
- E.
PAIN AND TEMP
Correct Answer
B. TOUCHExplanation
The main sensory nucleus of CN V is responsible for the sense of touch. This nucleus receives sensory information from the face, including touch sensations such as pressure, vibration, and texture. It plays a crucial role in transmitting these touch signals to the brain for processing and interpretation.Rate this question:
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- 35.
THE MESENCEpHALIC NUCLEUS CONTROLS
- A.
TASTE
- B.
TOUCH
- C.
MOTOR
- D.
PROPRIOCEPTION
Correct Answer
D. PROPRIOCEPTIONExplanation
The mesencephalic nucleus controls proprioception, which is the sense of the body's position and movement. This nucleus is located in the midbrain and receives sensory information from muscles, tendons, and joints. It is responsible for providing the brain with information about the position and movement of body parts, allowing for coordinated and precise movements. Proprioception is important for activities such as walking, writing, and playing sports, as it helps to maintain balance, posture, and coordination.Rate this question:
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- 36.
TRIGEMINAL HAS_____ NUCLEI
- A.
2
- B.
3
- C.
4
- D.
5
Correct Answer
C. 4Explanation
The trigeminal nerve has four nuclei. The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve and is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face to the brain. It has three main branches that innervate different areas of the face. Each branch has its own nucleus within the brainstem, including the mesencephalic nucleus, the principal sensory nucleus, the spinal nucleus, and the motor nucleus. These nuclei play a crucial role in processing and transmitting sensory and motor information related to facial sensation and movement.Rate this question:
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- 37.
DAMAGE TO THE SPINAL NUCLEUS OF CN V WILL CAUSE
- A.
IPSILATERAL PROBLEMS
- B.
CONTRALATERAL PROBLEMS
Correct Answer
A. IPSILATERAL PROBLEMSExplanation
Damage to the spinal nucleus of CN V will cause ipsilateral problems because the spinal nucleus of CN V is responsible for relaying sensory information from the face, head, and neck. It receives input from the trigeminal nerve, which is a cranial nerve that innervates these areas. Therefore, damage to the spinal nucleus of CN V on one side of the brainstem will result in sensory deficits on the same side of the face, head, and neck.Rate this question:
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