1.
Which one of the following is not a function of skeletal system?
Correct Answer
C. Synthesis of vitamin D
Explanation
The skeletal system is responsible for various functions in the body, including calcium storage, protection of vital organs, and facilitating movement. However, the synthesis of vitamin D is not a function of the skeletal system. Vitamin D synthesis primarily occurs in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight. The skin converts a precursor molecule into vitamin D with the help of UV radiation. Therefore, the synthesis of vitamin D is not directly related to the skeletal system.
2.
The diaphysis and the epiphysis are seperated by the
Correct Answer
C. EpipHyseal plate
Explanation
The diaphysis and the epiphysis are separated by the epiphyseal plate. This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows for the growth of long bones. It is responsible for the lengthening of the bone during childhood and adolescence. As a person grows, the epiphyseal plate gradually ossifies and is replaced by bone tissue, which results in the cessation of bone growth.
3.
Which one of the following is not a long bone?
Correct Answer
A. Ribs
Explanation
Ribs are not considered long bones because they are flat and curved in shape, rather than long and cylindrical like other long bones. Long bones, such as the femur, phalanges, and ulna, are characterized by their elongated structure and are typically found in the arms, legs, and fingers. Ribs, on the other hand, are flat bones that form the protective structure of the rib cage.
4.
Bone cells are called chondrocytes
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Bone cells are not called chondrocytes. Chondrocytes are actually cells found in cartilage, not bone. Bone cells are called osteocytes.
5.
The function of the epiphyseal plate is
Correct Answer
A. Growth in length
Explanation
The epiphyseal plate is a cartilaginous growth plate located at the ends of long bones in children and adolescents. It is responsible for longitudinal bone growth, allowing bones to increase in length. As the cartilage cells in the plate divide and mature, new bone tissue is formed, leading to bone growth. Once growth is complete, the epiphyseal plate ossifies and becomes the epiphyseal line. Therefore, the function of the epiphyseal plate is growth in length.
6.
The Marrow cavity
Correct Answer
B. Is located in the diapHyses of long bones
Explanation
The marrow cavity is located in the diaphyses of long bones. The diaphysis is the shaft or the main part of a long bone, while the epiphyses are the ends of the bone. The marrow cavity is the central hollow space within the diaphysis that contains bone marrow. Therefore, the correct answer is that the marrow cavity is located in the diaphyses of long bones.
7.
Which one of the following is not a cartilaginous bone?
Correct Answer
C. Parietal
Explanation
The parietal bone is not a cartilaginous bone. It is a flat bone that forms part of the skull, specifically the sides and roof of the cranium. Cartilaginous bones, on the other hand, are bones that start off as cartilage and then ossify over time. Examples of cartilaginous bones include the femur, radius, and sternum.
8.
A bone which has an epiphysis at each end is a (?)bone
Correct Answer
B. Long
Explanation
A bone which has an epiphysis at each end is called a long bone. Long bones are characterized by their elongated shape and have a shaft (diaphysis) with epiphyses at both ends. These bones provide support, mobility, and protection to the body. Examples of long bones include the femur, humerus, and tibia.
9.
Which one of the following is a short bone?
Correct Answer
C. Talus
Explanation
The talus is a short bone because it is one of the tarsal bones found in the ankle joint. Short bones are typically cube-shaped and provide stability and support to the body. In this case, the talus plays a crucial role in connecting the leg bones to the foot bones and allowing for movement and flexibility in the ankle joint.
10.
Osteoblasts...
Correct Answer
A. Ossify cartilage into bone
Explanation
Osteoblasts are bone cells responsible for the formation of new bone tissue. They play a crucial role in the process of ossification, which is the conversion of cartilage into bone. Osteoblasts secrete a matrix of collagen and other proteins that mineralize and harden to form new bone. This process is essential for bone growth, repair, and remodeling.
11.
Which one of the following is not an irregular bone?
Correct Answer
A. Parietal
Explanation
The parietal bone is not an irregular bone. Irregular bones have complex shapes and do not fit into any other bone category. The parietal bone, on the other hand, is a flat bone that forms the sides and roof of the skull. It is considered a flat bone because it is relatively thin and has a flat shape. Therefore, the parietal bone does not fit the definition of an irregular bone.
12.
Which one of the following lines the marrow cavity?
Correct Answer
D. Endosteum
Explanation
The endosteum lines the marrow cavity. The marrow cavity is the central cavity of long bones where bone marrow is located. The endosteum is a thin layer of connective tissue that lines this cavity and provides support to the bone tissue. It contains osteoprogenitor cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts or osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling and repair. The periosteum is a fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of bones, while red and yellow marrow are types of bone marrow found within the marrow cavity.
13.
Which one of the following is an opening through a bone to allow blood vessels to pass?
Correct Answer
A. Foramen
Explanation
A foramen is an opening through a bone that allows blood vessels to pass. It is a small hole or opening that provides a pathway for blood vessels to supply the bone with nutrients and oxygen. The other options, frontanel, sinus, and fossa, do not specifically refer to openings through a bone for blood vessels.
14.
Which one of the following is not a part of the axial skeleton?
Correct Answer
C. Pectoral girdle
Explanation
The pectoral girdle is not a part of the axial skeleton. The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, and the hyoid bone. The pectoral girdle, on the other hand, is a part of the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the limbs and their attachments to the axial skeleton.
15.
Which one of the following forms the posterior of the floor of the cranium..
Correct Answer
B. Occipital
Explanation
The occipital bone forms the posterior (back) part of the cranium. It is located at the lower back part of the skull and helps protect the brain and spinal cord. The occipital bone also contains the foramen magnum, which is the opening through which the spinal cord passes.
16.
The superior portion of the nasal septum is formed by the ....
Correct Answer
B. Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
Explanation
The superior portion of the nasal septum is formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid. The nasal septum is a structure that divides the nasal cavity into two sides. The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone is a thin, flat bone that extends vertically in the midline of the nasal cavity. It forms the superior part of the nasal septum and helps to separate the left and right sides of the nasal cavity. The vomer, palatine processes of the maxilla, and frontal processes of the maxilla are not involved in forming the superior portion of the nasal septum.
17.
Which bone forms part of the hard palate?
Correct Answer
A. Maxilla
Explanation
The maxilla is the correct answer because it is a bone that forms part of the hard palate. The hard palate is the bony structure that separates the oral and nasal cavities in the roof of the mouth. The maxilla is a paired bone that makes up the majority of the upper jaw and also contributes to the floor of the orbit and the nasal cavity. It plays a crucial role in supporting the teeth and providing structural stability to the face.
18.
The only bone in the bod that does not articulate with another bone is the....
Correct Answer
C. Hyoid
Explanation
The hyoid bone is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone. It is a U-shaped bone located in the neck, just above the larynx. It is unique because it is not directly attached to any other bone, but instead is suspended by ligaments and muscles. The hyoid bone plays an important role in supporting the tongue and aiding in swallowing and speech.
19.
The squamosal suture is located between the
Correct Answer
B. Temporal and the partial
Explanation
The squamosal suture is located between the temporal bone and the parietals.
20.
Which one of the following is not a portion of the floor in the cranium?
Correct Answer
C. Parietal
Explanation
The parietal bone is not a portion of the floor in the cranium. The floor of the cranium is formed by the sphenoid, frontal, and occipital bones. The sphenoid bone is located at the base of the skull, while the frontal bone forms the forehead and the occipital bone forms the back of the skull. The parietal bone, on the other hand, forms the sides and roof of the cranium, but it does not contribute to the floor.
21.
The greater wing is the sphenoid forms a part of the which surface of the eye orbit?
Correct Answer
A. Lateral
Explanation
The greater wing of the sphenoid bone is located on the lateral surface of the eye orbit. It forms a part of the outer side of the orbit, providing support and protection to the eye. The lateral surface of the eye orbit refers to the side of the orbit that is away from the midline of the face.
22.
The frontal bone articulates with the parietal bones to form the
Correct Answer
B. Coronal suture
Explanation
The frontal bone articulates with the parietal bones to form the coronal suture. The coronal suture is a fibrous joint that connects the frontal bone to the parietal bones in the skull. It runs transversely from one side of the skull to the other and separates the frontal bone from the parietal bones. This suture allows for slight movement between the bones and helps to distribute forces and protect the brain.
23.
Which bone contains a duct through which tears drain from the eyelidsto the nasal cavity?
Correct Answer
C. Lacrimal
Explanation
The lacrimal bone contains a duct called the lacrimal duct, which is responsible for draining tears from the eyelids to the nasal cavity. This bone is located near the inner corner of the eye and helps to regulate the flow of tears, ensuring that they are properly drained and do not overflow onto the face.
24.
Besides the auditory ossicles, the only mnoveable bone of the skull is the...
Correct Answer
B. Mandible
Explanation
The mandible is the only movable bone of the skull. It is commonly known as the jawbone and is connected to the rest of the skull by a joint called the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This bone allows for the opening and closing of the mouth, as well as the movement required for chewing, speaking, and various facial expressions. The maxilla, occipital, and temporal bones are all part of the skull but are not movable like the mandible.
25.
Which suture is found between the two parietal bones?
Correct Answer
D. Saggital
Explanation
The saggital suture is found between the two parietal bones. This suture runs along the midline of the skull, separating the parietal bones and extending from the anterior fontanelle to the posterior fontanelle. It is a dense, fibrous joint that allows for minimal movement between the parietal bones, providing stability and protection for the brain.
26.
The maxilla has an articulation with the frontal bone
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The maxilla, which is the upper jawbone, does indeed articulate with the frontal bone. This articulation forms part of the skull's bony structure and helps to provide stability and support to the face. The maxilla's connection with the frontal bone is important for various functions, including chewing and speaking.
27.
The patella is an example of a frontanel
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because the patella is not an example of a fontanelle. A fontanelle is a soft spot on a baby's skull where the bones have not yet fully fused together. The patella, on the other hand, is a small bone located in front of the knee joint. It is commonly known as the kneecap and is not related to fontanelles in any way.
28.
The (?) bones are L shaped and make up posterior portion of the hard palate
Correct Answer
C. Palatine
Explanation
The palatine bones are L shaped and make up the posterior portion of the hard palate. They are located towards the back of the mouth and help form the roof of the oral cavity. The lacrimal bones are located in the eye sockets and are involved in the formation of the tear ducts. The maxillae bones are the upper jaw bones and are responsible for supporting the teeth and forming the structure of the face. The nasal bones are located in the nose and contribute to the shape and structure of the nasal cavity. Therefore, the correct answer is palatine.
29.
Which one of these bones is a cranial bone?
Correct Answer
A. Inferior surface of L5
30.
Which one of these bones is a cranial bone?
Correct Answer
D. Frontal
Explanation
The frontal bone is a cranial bone because it forms the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets. It also contributes to the structure of the cranium, protecting the brain. The mandible, zygomatic, and maxilla bones are facial bones, not cranial bones. The mandible forms the lower jaw, the zygomatic forms part of the cheekbone, and the maxilla forms the upper jaw and the central part of the face. Therefore, the correct answer is frontal.
31.
Which structure on a rib articulates with the vertabrae?
Correct Answer
A. Head
Explanation
The head of a rib articulates with the vertebrae. The head is a rounded, smooth surface that connects with the corresponding vertebral body, forming a joint called the costovertebral joint. This joint allows for movement and flexibility of the rib, enabling breathing and other thoracic movements.
32.
The sternum is composed of the
Correct Answer
C. Manubrium , body, and xipHoid process
Explanation
The sternum is a flat bone located in the center of the chest. It is composed of three parts: the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The manubrium is the uppermost part of the sternum, while the body is the middle and longest part. The xiphoid process is the smallest and lowest part of the sternum. These three parts of the sternum provide support and protection to the chest, as well as serve as attachment points for ribs and muscles.
33.
The (?) is actually a fusion of five vertabrae.
Correct Answer
B. Sacrum
Explanation
The sacrum is actually a fusion of five vertebrae. It is a triangular bone located at the base of the spine, between the two hip bones. The fusion of these vertebrae forms a strong and stable structure that supports the weight of the upper body and transfers it to the pelvis. The sacrum also provides attachment points for various muscles and ligaments, contributing to the stability and movement of the pelvis.
34.
Vertebrochondral ribs
Correct Answer
D. All of these
Explanation
The correct answer is "all of these." Vertebrochondral ribs refer to ribs number 8, 9, and 10, which are also known as false ribs. These ribs end in cartilage that attaches to the rib above. Therefore, all of these statements are true.
35.
The coccyx is
Correct Answer
D. All of these
Explanation
The coccyx is indeed all of these. It is inferior to the sacrum, meaning it is located below it in the vertebral column. It is commonly referred to as the tail bone, as it is the final segment of the vertebral column and resembles a small tail. Therefore, it is a part of the vertebral column and serves as a fused structure consisting of several small vertebrae.
36.
Which one of the following types of the vertebrae has a transverse foramen?
Correct Answer
D. Cervical
Explanation
The correct answer is cervical. The cervical vertebrae are the seven vertebrae that make up the neck region of the spine. One of the distinguishing features of the cervical vertebrae is the presence of a transverse foramen on each side. This foramen allows for the passage of the vertebral artery and vein, which supply blood to the brain. The thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae do not have a transverse foramen.
37.
Which of the following terms best describes a rib that attaches directly to the sternum by individual costal cartilage?
Correct Answer
A. Vertebrosternal
Explanation
The term "vertebrosternal" best describes a rib that attaches directly to the sternum by individual costal cartilage. This term combines the words "vertebro" (related to the vertebrae) and "sternal" (related to the sternum), indicating the connection between the rib and the sternum through the costal cartilage. The other options, "vertebrochondral" and "floating," do not accurately describe this specific type of rib attachment. "Vertebral" refers to the vertebrae, but does not specify the connection to the sternum.
38.
The proximal end of the clavicle articulates with the the
Correct Answer
B. Manubrium
Explanation
The proximal end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium. The manubrium is the uppermost part of the sternum, which is a bone located in the center of the chest. This articulation forms the sternoclavicular joint, which allows for movement and stability of the shoulder girdle. The manubrium provides a stable and strong connection for the clavicle, allowing for proper function of the shoulder and arm.
39.
Metacarpal I is located proximal to the ..
Correct Answer
A. Thumb
Explanation
Metacarpal I is located proximal to the thumb. This means that it is closer to the thumb compared to the other options listed. The metacarpals are the bones in the hand that connect the wrist to the fingers. Metacarpal I specifically refers to the bone that is connected to the thumb.
40.
The trochlear (semilunar) notch of the ulna articulates with the .....
Correct Answer
D. Trochlea of the humerus
Explanation
The trochlear (semilunar) notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus. The trochlea is a structure located at the distal end of the humerus and forms part of the elbow joint. The trochlear notch of the ulna fits into the trochlea, allowing for flexion and extension movements of the forearm. This articulation plays a crucial role in the stability and mobility of the elbow joint.
41.
Which best describes the wrist bones?
Correct Answer
C. 8 carpals
Explanation
The wrist bones are referred to as carpals, and there are a total of 8 carpals in the human wrist. The carpals are small bones that are arranged in two rows of four bones each. They are located between the radius and ulna bones of the forearm and the metacarpals of the hand. These carpals provide stability and flexibility to the wrist joint, allowing for a wide range of movements.
42.
The glenoid fossa articulates with the ....
Correct Answer
B. Head of the humerus
Explanation
The glenoid fossa is a shallow cavity in the scapula bone of the shoulder. It articulates with the head of the humerus, forming the glenohumeral joint. This joint allows for a wide range of motion in the shoulder, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. The head of the humerus fits into the glenoid fossa, creating a ball-and-socket joint that provides stability and mobility to the shoulder joint.
43.
The head of the radius articulates with the ......
Correct Answer
C. Captiulum of the humerus
Explanation
The correct answer is "captiulum of the humerus". The head of the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus. This means that the head of the radius forms a joint with the capitulum, allowing for movement and flexibility in the elbow joint. The capitulum is a rounded, knobby structure located on the distal end of the humerus bone.
44.
The strucue located where the two pubic bones join anteriorly is called the....
Correct Answer
D. The pubic sympHysis
Explanation
The pubic symphysis is the structure located where the two pubic bones join anteriorly. It is a cartilaginous joint that connects the left and right pubic bones, providing stability and allowing limited movement during activities such as walking or childbirth. The obturator foramen is a different structure, located in the hip bone, which is not related to the pubic symphysis. The iliac crest is the upper curved edge of the hip bone, and the sacroiliac joint is the joint connecting the sacrum and ilium bones in the pelvis.
45.
The name of the heel bone is
Correct Answer
B. Calcaneus
Explanation
The correct answer is calcaneus. The calcaneus, also known as the heel bone, is the largest bone in the foot. It is located at the back of the foot and forms the heel. The calcaneus plays a crucial role in weight-bearing and provides stability and support to the foot.
46.
Metatarsal V is located
Correct Answer
B. On the lateral side of the foot
Explanation
The correct answer is "on the lateral side of the foot." The metatarsal V refers to the fifth metatarsal bone, which is located on the lateral side of the foot. The foot has five metatarsal bones, and the fifth metatarsal bone is the one farthest from the midline of the body, hence it is situated on the lateral side of the foot.
47.
In directional terms, the fibula lies (?) to the tibia
Correct Answer
D. Lateral
Explanation
The fibula lies lateral to the tibia. Lateral refers to the side away from the midline of the body. In this case, it means that the fibula is positioned on the outer side of the leg, away from the center of the body, while the tibia is located on the inner side.
48.
The head of the fibula articulates with the
Correct Answer
D. Lateral condyle of the tibia
Explanation
The head of the fibula articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia. This means that the top part of the fibula bone connects with the outer side of the tibia bone. This articulation allows for movement and stability between the two bones.
49.
One os coxa includes
Correct Answer
A. Ilium, pubis, and ischium
Explanation
The correct answer is ilium, pubis, and ischium. These three bones are part of the os coxa, which forms the hip bone. The ilium is the largest and uppermost part of the hip bone, while the pubis and ischium are located towards the front and back, respectively. Together, these three bones provide support and stability to the pelvis and are important for various functions such as walking and bearing weight.
50.
The material in an amphiarthrocic joint is
Correct Answer
D. Both cartilage and fibers
Explanation
Amphiarthrodial joints are partially movable joints that allow limited movement. These joints contain both cartilage and fibers. Cartilage provides a smooth surface for the bones to glide against each other, reducing friction and absorbing shock. The fibers, such as ligaments or fibrous capsules, provide stability and hold the bones together. The combination of cartilage and fibers allows for some movement while maintaining joint stability.