Building Construction Long Exam A

A building permit is a written document issued by the appropriate government authority that grants permission for the construction of a specific project. It serves as official approval for the construction to begin and ensures that the project complies with relevant building codes and regulations. The building permit outlines the scope of the project, including the type of construction, materials to be used, and any specific requirements or conditions. It is an essential document that ensures the safety and legality of the construction process.

The correct answer is "direction." In order for the flow of water to be efficient and controlled, it should always be in one specific direction. This helps to prevent any disruptions or obstructions in the flow and ensures that water is being directed to the desired location. Having a consistent flow direction also aids in the maintenance and management of water systems, as it allows for easier monitoring and troubleshooting of any potential issues.

A water meter is a device used to measure the amount of water that passes through a pipe in liters or gallons. It is typically installed in a water supply system to accurately measure the usage of water. It helps in monitoring water consumption, detecting leaks, and billing purposes.

A panic bar is a horizontal bar that spans the interior of an emergency exit door at waist height. It is designed to be pushed in order to quickly and easily open the door in case of an emergency. This allows for a rapid and efficient evacuation of a building, as people can simply push the panic bar to exit without needing to turn a doorknob or handle. Panic bars are commonly used in commercial buildings and public spaces to ensure the safety of occupants in case of a fire or other emergency situation.

Washers are used under the head of a nut or bolt to distribute pressure, prevent leakage, relieve friction, or insulate incompatible materials. They provide a smooth surface for the nut or bolt to tighten against, reducing the risk of damage to the material being fastened. Washers also help to prevent leakage by creating a tighter seal between the nut or bolt and the surface it is fastened to. Additionally, washers can help to relieve friction and prevent galling, which is the wear and tear caused by metal-to-metal contact.

A charrette is an intensive design process used to quickly solve architectural problems. The term "charrette" comes from the French word for "small wooden cart." This term was originally used to describe the practice of architecture students working late into the night to finish their projects, with their work being collected in a small wooden cart called a charrette. Over time, the term has evolved to refer to any collaborative design process that involves multiple stakeholders working together to find solutions in a short amount of time.

An astragal is a vertical member used between double doors to seal the opening. It is typically made of wood or metal and is attached to one of the doors. The astragal helps to provide a tight seal between the doors, preventing drafts, noise, and light from passing through. It also helps to improve the security of the doors by adding an additional barrier. Overall, an astragal is an important component in ensuring the functionality and efficiency of double doors.

An addendum is a written document that provides additional information or makes modifications to the bidding documents. It is commonly used in construction projects to clarify any ambiguities or address any changes that may arise during the bidding process. By issuing an addendum, the project owner ensures that all bidders have access to the same information, thereby promoting fairness and transparency in the bidding process.

A tekscrew is the correct answer because it is specifically designed for fastening metal roofing sheets to purlins. Tekscrews have a sharp, self-drilling point that allows them to easily penetrate metal surfaces without the need for pre-drilling. They also have a unique thread design that provides a secure and tight grip on the metal, ensuring that the roofing sheets are securely attached to the purlins. Lag screws, toxscrews, and metal screws may also be used for various applications, but they are not specifically designed for fastening metal roofing sheets to purlins.

A kerf is a groove cut into the edge of an acoustic tile to receive a spline or a T-shaped member of a supporting grid. It is a narrow cut made in the material to allow for the insertion of another component. In this context, the kerf is used to hold the spline or supporting grid member in place, ensuring stability and support for the acoustic tile.

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The correct answer is gravity system. A gravity system is another name for a downfeed water system. In a gravity system, water flows downwards from a higher source, such as a water tower or elevated tank, to supply water to the desired location. This system relies on the force of gravity to provide water pressure and does not require the use of pumps.

The main components of a water distribution system typically include a cold water system, a hot water system, and a ventilation system. The storm drainage system is not typically considered a main component of a water distribution system. Therefore, the correct answer is "both b and d" because both the storm drainage system (option b) and the ventilation system (option d) are not the main components of a water distribution system.

The correct answer is exposed grid. An exposed grid refers to a metal grid of inverted tees that is visible and exposed in a suspended ceiling. This type of grid is used to support the acoustical tiles of the ceiling, allowing for easy installation and maintenance. It provides a clean and industrial look to the ceiling, with the grid being visible between the tiles.

Toggle bolts are used to fasten materials to plaster, gypsum board, and other thin wall materials. They are specifically designed to provide a secure and reliable anchoring solution in situations where the wall is not strong enough to support the weight of the material being attached. Toggle bolts consist of a threaded bolt and a spring-loaded wing toggle that opens up behind the wall once inserted. This design allows the toggle bolts to distribute the weight evenly and provide a strong hold, making them ideal for mounting heavy objects on thin walls.

The given definition describes the term "Probable Demand" as the probable amount of water discharge at any given time. This suggests that "Probable Demand" refers to the expected or anticipated amount of water that will be needed or used at a specific moment. This term is often used in the context of water supply or management, where it is important to estimate and plan for the expected demand in order to ensure adequate supply.

The correct answer is 0.375m. This refers to the minimum distance that a water closet should be set from the side wall.

The correct answer is "wreathe." A wreathe is a curved section of a staircase string, which is the inclined board that supports the treads and risers of a staircase. It is typically found at the bottom of a staircase where it connects to the floor. The wreathe helps to smoothly transition the staircase from the straight section to the curved section.

A close coupled flush tank is a type of fixture that has a flush tank directly attached to the toilet bowl. This design eliminates the need for a separate tank and allows for a more compact and streamlined appearance. The close coupling also ensures a more efficient and powerful flush, as the water is delivered directly from the tank to the bowl.

The ideal riser height for stairs is typically between 150mm and 180mm. This range provides a comfortable and safe step height for individuals using the stairs. If the riser height is too high, it can cause difficulty in climbing the stairs and increase the risk of tripping or falling. On the other hand, if the riser height is too low, it can lead to a steep slope and also increase the risk of accidents. Therefore, a riser height between 150mm and 180mm is considered optimal for stairs.

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A lip strike is a metal plate or box set in a doorjamb that is either pierced or recessed to receive the bolt or latch of a lock. It is fixed on a door and helps to secure the door by providing a surface for the bolt or latch to engage with when the door is closed.

The two disadvantages of an air pressure system are that the maximum zoning is limited to 10 floors and the water supply is affected by the loss of pressure in the tank.

The correct answer includes the terms "ledger," "carriage," "intermediate," and "thrustblock." These are all parts of a stair. A ledger is a horizontal board that supports the ends of the stair treads. A carriage refers to the framework that supports the treads and risers. An intermediate is a step that is not at the top or bottom of the stairs. A thrustblock is a block of wood or metal that helps to distribute the weight of the stairs.

The given answer lists the parts in the correct order from left to right: header, common stud, king stud, trimmer, soleplate, and subfloor.