C++ Trivia Quiz: Types Of Operators And Variables!
The quiz below is perfectly designed to test your understanding when it comes to the types and variables of the C++ programming languages. For you to pass that certification exam, you need to have a proper understanding of this topic. So, take up this quiz and see if you need more time to study well before the exam is due.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Each byte in memory is assigned a unique __________.
Explanation
In computer memory, each byte is assigned a unique address. This address is used to identify and locate the specific byte in memory. The address allows the computer to access and manipulate data stored in memory by referencing the unique location of each byte.Rate this question:
- 2.
The __________ operator can be used to determine a variable's address
Explanation
The ampersand (&) operator can be used to determine a variable's address. By placing the ampersand symbol before the variable name, the memory address of that variable is obtained. This is useful in situations where the address of a variable needs to be passed as an argument to a function or when working with pointers in programming languages like C or C++.Rate this question:
- 3.
_____________ variables are designed to hold addresses.
Explanation
Pointer variables are designed to hold addresses. In programming, a pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. By using pointers, we can indirectly access and manipulate the data stored in that memory address. Therefore, pointer variables are specifically created to store addresses.Rate this question:
- 4.
The ____________ operator can be used to work with the variable a pointer points to.
Explanation
The indirection operator (*) is used to work with the variable a pointer points to. It is used to access the value stored at the memory location pointed to by the pointer. By dereferencing the pointer with the indirection operator, we can manipulate the value stored at that memory location. So, in this case, the correct answer is indirection(*).Rate this question:
- 5.
Array names can be used as _____________, and vice versa.
Explanation
Array names can be used as pointers, and vice versa, because in C and C++, the name of an array is essentially a pointer to the first element of the array. So, when we use the array name in an expression, it is automatically converted to a pointer to the first element. This allows us to perform pointer arithmetic and access elements of the array using pointer notation. Similarly, we can also assign the address of an array to a pointer variable, treating the array name as a pointer.Rate this question:
- 6.
Creating variables while a program is running is called __________.
Explanation
Dynamic Memory Allocation refers to the process of allocating memory for variables at runtime, rather than at compile time. This allows the program to create variables as needed during program execution. It is commonly used when the size or number of variables required is not known in advance or may change during program execution. This technique is often used in programming languages like C and C++ to manage memory efficiently and avoid wasting memory resources.Rate this question:
- 7.
The __________ operator is used to dynamically allocate memory.
Explanation
The "new" operator is used to dynamically allocate memory. It is used in programming languages like C++ to create objects or variables at runtime, rather than at compile time. The "new" operator allocates memory for the object or variable on the heap, and returns a pointer to the allocated memory. This allows for dynamic memory management and the creation of objects or variables with a size determined at runtime.Rate this question:
- 8.
Under older compilers, if the new operator cannot allocate the amount of memory requested, it returns __________.
Explanation
The new operator in older compilers returns either 0 or null if it is unable to allocate the requested amount of memory.Rate this question:
- 9.
A pointer that contains the address 0 is called a(n) __________ pointer.
Explanation
A pointer that contains the address 0 is called a null pointer. A null pointer is a special value that indicates that the pointer does not point to any valid memory location. It is often used to initialize pointers or to indicate that a pointer is not currently pointing to anything. When a null pointer is dereferenced or accessed, it typically results in a segmentation fault or an error, as the memory location it points to is not valid.Rate this question:
- 10.
When a program is finished with a chunk of dynamically allocated memory, it should free it with the __________ operator.
Explanation
When a program is finished with a chunk of dynamically allocated memory, it should be freed using the "delete" operator. This operator deallocates the memory previously allocated by the "new" operator, ensuring that the memory is released and can be reused by the program or other processes. Failing to properly free dynamically allocated memory can lead to memory leaks and inefficiency in the program's execution.Rate this question:
- 11.
You should only use pointers with delete that were previously used with __________.
Explanation
When using the delete operator in C++, it is important to only use pointers that were previously allocated using the new operator. This is because new and delete are a pair of operators that work together to dynamically allocate and deallocate memory. Using delete with a pointer that was not allocated with new can lead to undefined behavior and potential memory leaks. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the pointer being used with delete was indeed allocated using new.Rate this question:
- 12.
The & symbol is called the indirection operator.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The & symbol is not called the indirection operator. The indirection operator in programming languages is typically represented by the * symbol, not the & symbol. The & symbol is commonly used as the address-of operator, which returns the memory address of a variable.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The & operator dereferences a pointer.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The & operator in C++ is used to obtain the address of a variable, not to dereference a pointer. To dereference a pointer and access the value it points to, the * operator is used. Therefore, the given statement is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 14.
When the indirection operator is used with a pointer variable, you are actually working with the value the pointer is pointing to.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
When the indirection operator (*) is used with a pointer variable, it allows us to access and manipulate the value stored at the memory address pointed to by the pointer. In other words, it dereferences the pointer and gives us access to the actual value being pointed to. Therefore, the statement "When the indirection operator is used with a pointer variable, you are actually working with the value the pointer is pointing to" is true.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Array names cannot be dereferenced with the indirection operator.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Array names can be dereferenced with the indirection operator. When an array name is dereferenced, it evaluates to the address of the first element in the array. This allows us to access and manipulate the elements of the array using pointer arithmetic. Therefore, the correct answer is False.Rate this question:
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- 16.
When you add value to a pointer, you are actually adding that number times the size of the data type referenced by the pointer.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
When you add value to a pointer, you are actually adding that number times the size of the data type referenced by the pointer. This is because pointers in C++ are used to store memory addresses, and when you perform arithmetic operations on pointers, the compiler automatically scales the value by the size of the data type. For example, if you have a pointer to an integer and you add 1 to it, the pointer will actually move forward by the size of an integer (typically 4 bytes on a 32-bit system). Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The address operator is not needed to assign the address an array to a pointer.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The address operator is not needed to assign the address of an array to a pointer because the name of an array itself represents the address of its first element. Therefore, when assigning the address of an array to a pointer, the address operator (&) is not required.Rate this question:
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- 18.
You can change the address that an array name points to.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
In C++, the name of an array is a constant pointer to the first element of the array. This means that we cannot change the address that an array name points to. The array name always points to the same memory location, which is the address of the first element of the array. Therefore, the correct answer is False.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Any mathematical operation, including multiplication and division, may be performed on a pointer.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Pointers are used to store memory addresses, not numerical values. Therefore, mathematical operations like multiplication and division cannot be performed directly on pointers. These operations only make sense when performed on numerical values. Hence, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Pointers may be compared using the relational operators.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Pointers in programming can be compared using relational operators such as greater than, less than, equal to, etc. This is because pointers hold memory addresses, and these addresses can be compared to determine their relative positions in memory. For example, if one pointer points to a memory location that comes before another pointer, then the first pointer would be considered "less than" the second pointer. Therefore, the statement "Pointers may be compared using the relational operators" is true.Rate this question:
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- 21.
When used as function parameters, reference variables are much easier to work with than pointers.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Reference variables are easier to work with than pointers when used as function parameters because reference variables provide a more intuitive and convenient way to access and manipulate the data being passed to a function. Unlike pointers, reference variables do not require explicit dereferencing and can be used directly as if they were the original variables. This simplifies the syntax and reduces the chances of errors caused by mistakenly dereferencing a null pointer or accessing invalid memory locations. Additionally, reference variables are automatically bound to the original variables they reference, eliminating the need for explicit memory allocation and deallocation.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The new operator dynamically allocates memory.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because the new operator in C++ is used to dynamically allocate memory during runtime. It allows the program to request memory from the operating system and then use that memory for storing data. This dynamic allocation is useful when the size of the data needed is not known at compile time or when the program needs to allocate memory for objects that have a variable size. By using the new operator, the program can allocate and deallocate memory as needed, improving flexibility and efficiency.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A pointer variable that has not been initialized is called a null pointer.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
A pointer variable that has not been initialized is not called a null pointer. It is called an uninitialized pointer. A null pointer is a specific value assigned to a pointer variable that indicates that it is not pointing to any memory location.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The address 0 is generally considered unusable.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The address 0 is generally considered unusable because it is often reserved for the operating system or used as a null pointer. In many programming languages, attempting to access or write to address 0 can result in a segmentation fault or other errors. Therefore, it is best practice to avoid using address 0 in order to prevent these issues.Rate this question:
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- 25.
In using a pointer with the delete operator, it is not necessary for the pointer to have been previously used with the new operator.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The delete operator is used to deallocate the memory that was previously allocated using the new operator. If a pointer has not been previously used with the new operator to allocate memory, trying to delete it will result in undefined behavior. Therefore, it is necessary for the pointer to have been previously used with the new operator in order to safely use the delete operator.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Each byte of memory is assigned a unique address.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
In computer systems, memory is divided into small units called bytes. Each byte is assigned a unique address, which allows the computer to locate and access specific data stored in memory. This addressing scheme is essential for efficient data retrieval and manipulation by the computer's processor. Therefore, the statement that each byte of memory is assigned a unique address is true.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The * operator is used to get the address of a variable
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The * operator is actually used to dereference a pointer and access the value stored at the address it points to, not to get the address of a variable. Therefore, the given statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Pointer variables are designed to hold addresses.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Pointer variables are designed to hold addresses. This is because pointers are variables that store memory addresses as their values. They are used to point to the memory locations of other variables. By storing addresses, pointer variables allow us to access and manipulate data indirectly, by referring to the memory location where the data is stored. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The two common programming methods in practice today are _________ and _________.
Correct Answer
procedural programming and object oriented programming
procedural and object oriented
procedural, object orientedExplanation
The two common programming methods in practice today are procedural programming and object-oriented programming. Procedural programming focuses on a step-by-step approach to solve a problem, using procedures or functions to break down the problem into smaller tasks. Object-oriented programming, on the other hand, organizes the code around objects, which are instances of classes that encapsulate data and behavior. This allows for the reusability and modularity of code. Both methods have their own advantages and are widely used in the software development industry.Rate this question:
- 30.
_________ programming is centered around functions or procedures.
Correct Answer
proceduralExplanation
Procedural programming is a programming paradigm that focuses on using procedures or functions to structure the program. In procedural programming, the program is divided into smaller, reusable procedures or functions, which are then called in a specific sequence to perform tasks. This approach allows for modular and organized code, making it easier to understand and maintain.Rate this question:
- 31.
_________ programming is centered around objects.
Correct Answer
object orientedExplanation
Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that revolves around the use of objects. In this approach, data and functions are encapsulated within objects, which are instances of classes. The main goal of object-oriented programming is to organize and structure code in a way that promotes modularity, reusability, and flexibility. By focusing on objects, this programming style allows for easier maintenance and modification of code, as well as better collaboration among developers.Rate this question:
- 32.
_________ is an object s ability to contain and manipulate its own data.
Correct Answer
encapsulationExplanation
Encapsulation refers to an object's ability to contain and manipulate its own data. It allows for the bundling of data and methods within a single unit, providing privacy and protection. By encapsulating data, an object can control its access and ensure that it is manipulated in a controlled manner. This helps in achieving data integrity, security, and code reusability. Encapsulation also promotes modular programming and reduces dependencies between different parts of a system.Rate this question:
- 33.
In C++ the _________ is the construct primarily used to create objects.
Correct Answer
classExplanation
In C++, the "class" is the construct primarily used to create objects. A class is a blueprint or template for creating objects that define their properties and behaviors. It encapsulates data and functions together, allowing objects to be created based on the defined class. By creating objects from a class, we can utilize its properties and methods to perform various operations and achieve desired functionality in our C++ programs.Rate this question:
- 34.
A class is very similar to a(n) _________.
Correct Answer
structureExplanation
A class is very similar to a structure because both are used to define a blueprint for creating objects. They both contain data members and member functions that define the properties and behavior of the objects created from them. Like a structure, a class can have public and private access specifiers to control the visibility of its members. Additionally, both structures and classes can be used to group related data and functions together for better organization and modularity in programming.Rate this question:
- 35.
A(n) _________ is a key word inside a class declaration that establishes a member.
Correct Answer
access specifierExplanation
An access specifier is a key word inside a class declaration that establishes a member. It is used to determine the visibility and accessibility of the member within the class and from outside the class. The access specifier can be public, private, or protected, and it controls the level of access that other parts of the program have to the member.Rate this question:
- 36.
The default access specification of class members is _________.
Correct Answer
privateExplanation
The default access specification of class members is private. This means that if no access specifier is explicitly defined for a class member, it will be accessible only within the same class and not from outside the class or its derived classes.Rate this question:
- 37.
The default access specification of a struct in C++ is _________.
Correct Answer
publicExplanation
The default access specification of a struct in C++ is public. This means that all members of the struct can be accessed by any code within the program without any restrictions.Rate this question:
- 38.
Defining a class object is often called the _________ of a class.
Correct Answer
instantiationExplanation
When we define a class object, it means that we are creating an instance of that class. This process is known as instantiation. It involves allocating memory for the object and initializing its attributes and methods. The instantiated object can then be used to access and manipulate the data and behavior defined in the class. Therefore, the correct answer is "instantiation".Rate this question:
- 39.
Members of a class object may be accessed through a pointer to the object by using the _________ operator.
Correct Answer
arrowExplanation
The arrow operator (->) is used to access members of a class object through a pointer to the object. It is used when we have a pointer to an object and want to access its members like variables or functions. The arrow operator is used instead of the dot operator (.) which is used to access members of an object directly without using a pointer.Rate this question:
- 40.
If you were writing the declaration of a class named Canine, what would you name the file it was stored in? _________
Correct Answer
Canine.hExplanation
The file for the declaration of the class named Canine would be named "Canine.h". The ".h" extension is commonly used for header files in C++ to indicate that it contains the declarations of classes, functions, and variables. Naming the file "Canine.h" is a standard convention that helps to organize and identify the contents of the file.Rate this question:
- 41.
If you were writing the external definitions of the Canine class s member functions, you would save them in a file named _________.
Correct Answer
Canine.cppExplanation
The external definitions of the Canine class's member functions would be saved in a file named "Canine.cpp". This file is likely to contain the implementation of the Canine class's member functions, which are defined separately from the class declaration in a header file. By saving the external definitions in a file with the same name as the class, it helps organize the code and makes it easier to locate and maintain the implementation of the class's member functions.Rate this question:
- 42.
When a member function s body is written inside a class declaration, the function is _________.
Correct Answer
inlineExplanation
When a member function's body is written inside a class declaration, the function is considered as an inline function. This means that the function is defined and implemented within the class itself. Inline functions are typically used for small and simple functions that are called frequently, as they eliminate the overhead of function calls. By defining the function inside the class declaration, the compiler can directly substitute the function code wherever it is called, resulting in faster execution.Rate this question:
- 43.
A(n) _________ is automatically called when an object is created.
Correct Answer
constructorExplanation
A constructor is automatically called when an object is created. It is a special member function of a class that is responsible for initializing the object's data members. When an object is created, the constructor is invoked automatically, and it sets the initial values for the object's attributes. This ensures that the object is in a valid state when it is first created. Constructors have the same name as the class and do not have a return type.Rate this question:
- 44.
A(n) _________ is a member function with the same name as the class.
Correct Answer
constructorExplanation
A constructor is a member function with the same name as the class. It is used to initialize objects of a class and is automatically called when an object is created. Constructors have no return type and can have parameters. They are used to set initial values for the data members of the class.Rate this question:
- 45.
_________ are useful for performing initialization or setup routines in a class object.
Correct Answer
constructorsExplanation
Constructors are special methods in a class that are used to initialize the object's state or perform setup routines. They are automatically called when an object of the class is created. Constructors are useful for setting default values for object properties, allocating memory, or performing any other necessary initializations. They ensure that the object is in a valid and usable state before any other methods or operations are performed on it.Rate this question:
- 46.
Constructors cannot have a(n) _________ type.
Correct Answer
returnExplanation
Constructors cannot have a return type because their purpose is to initialize objects and allocate memory for them. When a constructor is called, it automatically creates and returns the object being constructed. Therefore, specifying a return type for a constructor is unnecessary and invalid.Rate this question:
- 47.
A(n) _________ constructor is one that requires no arguments.
Correct Answer
defaultExplanation
A default constructor is one that requires no arguments. It is a constructor that is automatically generated by the compiler if no other constructors are defined in the class. This default constructor initializes the object with default values or performs default actions. It is used when an object needs to be created without any specific initialization parameters.Rate this question:
- 48.
A(n) _________ is a member function that is automatically called when an object is destroyed.
Correct Answer
destructorExplanation
A destructor is a member function that is automatically called when an object is destroyed. It is responsible for cleaning up any resources that were allocated by the object during its lifetime. This includes freeing memory, closing files, releasing locks, or any other necessary cleanup operations. The destructor has the same name as the class, preceded by a tilde (~), and does not take any parameters. When an object goes out of scope or is explicitly deleted, the destructor is called to ensure proper cleanup.Rate this question:
- 49.
A destructor has the same name as the class but is preceded by a(n) _________ character.
Correct Answer
~Explanation
A destructor has the same name as the class but is preceded by a tilde (~).Rate this question:
- 50.
Like constructors, destructors cannot have a(n) _________ type.
Correct Answer
returnExplanation
Destructors, like constructors, do not have a return type because they are automatically called when an object is destroyed or goes out of scope. They do not return any value, so specifying a return type is not necessary.Rate this question:
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Feb 17, 2023Quiz Edited by
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