California Esthetics State Board

Mitosis is the process of cell division in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. During mitosis, the cell's genetic material is replicated and evenly distributed between the two daughter cells. This process is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Mitosis ensures that each new cell receives a complete set of chromosomes and is genetically identical to the parent cell.

Distilled water has a pH of 7 because it is neutral. A pH of 7 indicates that the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in the water. In other words, distilled water is neither acidic nor basic, making it neutral.

The skin is the largest organ in the body. It covers the entire external surface and acts as a protective barrier against the environment. It helps regulate body temperature, prevents water loss, and provides sensation. The skin also plays a crucial role in immune defense by acting as a barrier against pathogens. Additionally, it helps in the production of vitamin D when exposed to sunlight. Overall, the skin is essential for maintaining the body's integrity and overall health.

Oily skin is characterized by large pores. This is because the sebaceous glands in oily skin produce an excess amount of sebum, which is the skin's natural oil. The excess sebum can clog the pores, leading to their enlargement. Oily skin is also prone to acne and shine due to the excess oil production. Proper skincare routine, including cleansing and exfoliating, can help manage oily skin and minimize the appearance of large pores.

The medical name for eyelashes is cilia. Cilia are small, hair-like structures that are found on the surface of cells in various parts of the body, including the eyelids. They serve a protective function by trapping dust and other particles, helping to prevent them from entering the eyes.

During the anagen stage, hair begins to grow. This is the active phase of hair growth where the hair follicle is producing new cells and the hair shaft is lengthening. It is the longest phase of the hair growth cycle, lasting for several years. During this stage, the hair is firmly rooted in the scalp and is nourished by blood vessels, allowing it to grow and develop.

The mandible, also known as the jawbone, is the largest and strongest bone in the face. It is a U-shaped bone that forms the lower jaw and holds the teeth in place. The mandible plays a crucial role in various functions such as chewing, speaking, and facial expression. It is connected to the skull by the temporomandibular joint, allowing for movement and flexibility. Due to its size and importance in facial structure and function, the mandible is considered the biggest bone on the face.

Dry skin is characterized by small pores. This is because dry skin lacks moisture and natural oils, which leads to the skin becoming tight and dehydrated. As a result, the pores appear smaller since they are not producing as much oil or sebum. Dry skin can feel rough, flaky, and may be prone to itching and irritation. It is important to keep dry skin well moisturized to maintain its health and prevent further dryness.

Gommage is a type of exfoliation method where a gentle scrub or peel-off mask is applied to the skin and then rolled off, removing dead skin cells and impurities. This technique is particularly effective for sensitive skin as it provides a gentle exfoliation without causing irritation or redness. Gommage helps to improve the texture and appearance of the skin, leaving it smooth and radiant.

Excoriation refers to the act of scraping or scratching the skin, resulting in damage or injury to the surface. It is commonly associated with conditions such as dermatitis, eczema, or self-inflicted wounds. Excoriation can cause redness, inflammation, and sometimes bleeding. This term accurately describes the action of scraping or scratching the skin, making it the correct answer to the given question.

The muscle that connects the chest, shoulder, and neck is called the platysma. It is a thin, broad muscle that covers the front of the neck and extends to the lower part of the face. The platysma helps in various movements of the neck, jaw, and mouth, such as opening the mouth wide and pulling the corners of the mouth downward.

Dr. Jacquet massage is performed on oily skin. Oily skin tends to produce excess sebum, leading to clogged pores and a shiny complexion. This specific massage technique aims to regulate the production of sebum, reduce oiliness, and improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin. It involves deep cleansing, gentle exfoliation, and specific massage movements to stimulate blood circulation and lymphatic drainage, promoting a healthier complexion for individuals with oily skin.

Waxing on dark skin can cause hyperpigmentation. This is because the trauma caused by waxing can trigger an overproduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. As a result, dark patches or spots may appear on the skin, leading to hyperpigmentation. It is important to note that individuals with darker skin tones are more prone to this condition compared to those with lighter skin. Hyperpigmentation can be temporary or long-lasting, depending on the individual and the severity of the reaction.

Combination skin is characterized by having both large and small pores. This means that some areas of the skin have larger pores, usually in the T-zone (forehead, nose, and chin), while other areas have smaller pores. Combination skin is a common skin type where the skin can be oily in certain areas and dry in others. The larger pores tend to produce more oil, while the smaller pores may be drier. This combination of pore sizes can lead to a variety of skin concerns such as oiliness, dryness, and occasional breakouts.

The dermis is the second layer of the skin, and it is primarily composed of collagen. Collagen is a fibrous protein that provides strength, structure, and elasticity to the skin. It helps to maintain the skin's firmness and prevent wrinkles and sagging. Additionally, collagen plays a crucial role in wound healing and maintaining the overall health and integrity of the skin. Therefore, it is accurate to say that 70% of the dermis is made up of collagen.

Trichology is the scientific study of hair. It involves the examination of hair and scalp conditions, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of hair-related issues. Trichologists are experts in understanding the structure, growth, and diseases of hair, and they provide advice and solutions for various hair problems. They analyze the health of the scalp, hair follicles, and hair strands to determine the causes of hair loss, breakage, and other concerns. Trichology plays a crucial role in improving the overall health and appearance of hair.

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Before starting the service, the esthetician must ensure sanitation. This involves cleaning and disinfecting their hands and any tools or equipment that will be used during the service. Sanitation is important to prevent the spread of bacteria, viruses, and other harmful microorganisms that could potentially cause infections or other health issues. By practicing proper sanitation, the esthetician creates a safe and hygienic environment for both themselves and their clients.

Electrolysis is the only form of permanent hair removal because it targets the hair follicles directly. During the procedure, a small electric current is applied to each hair follicle individually, which damages the follicle and prevents future hair growth. Other methods like waxing, shaving, or laser hair removal offer temporary results as they only remove the hair shaft or target the pigment in the hair, but they do not permanently eliminate hair growth. Therefore, electrolysis remains the most effective and reliable option for permanent hair removal.

If there is residual hair after waxing, the recommended action is to tweeze. Tweezing involves using a pair of tweezers to individually pluck out the remaining hairs. This method allows for precise removal of unwanted hair and is commonly used to target small areas or stray hairs that may have been missed during waxing.

Adipose fat is found in the subcutaneous layer of the skin. This layer is located beneath the dermis and consists of fat cells that provide insulation and cushioning to the body. Adipose tissue also helps in storing energy and regulating body temperature.

Supercilia is the correct medical term for eyebrows. The term "supercilia" is derived from Latin and refers specifically to the hair that grows above the eye socket. It is used by medical professionals to describe this distinct facial feature.

The appendages on the skin refer to the structures that are attached to or associated with the skin. In this case, hair and nails are considered as appendages on the skin. Hair is made up of keratin and grows from hair follicles in the skin. It serves various functions such as protection, insulation, and sensory perception. Nails are also made up of keratin and are formed by specialized cells in the nail matrix. They provide protection to the fingertips and help in grasping objects.

Using an EPA registered product on a countertop is considered a level of decontamination known as sanitation. Sanitation refers to the process of reducing the number of microorganisms to a safe level, as determined by public health standards. By using an EPA registered product, which has been tested and approved by the Environmental Protection Agency, the countertop can be effectively cleaned and disinfected, minimizing the risk of harmful bacteria or viruses.

The stratum lucidium is located under the stratum corneum. The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead skin cells that are constantly shed and replaced. The stratum lucidium is a thin, clear layer found only in thick skin areas, such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It is responsible for providing additional protection and preventing friction and damage to the underlying layers of the skin.

If someone bleeds during extractions, it is important to place an antiseptic on the area. This is because an antiseptic helps to prevent infection by killing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms on the skin. By applying an antiseptic to the bleeding area, it can help cleanse the wound and reduce the risk of any potential infection.

The human hand consists of five metacarpal bones, one for each finger. These long bones are located in the palm of the hand and connect the fingers to the wrist. Each metacarpal bone is responsible for providing support and stability to the fingers, allowing for various movements and dexterity. Therefore, the correct answer is five.

Blood and lymph supply nourishment to the skin. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the skin cells, providing them with the necessary nourishment for their growth and repair. It also helps remove waste products and toxins from the skin. Lymph, on the other hand, is a clear fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system and helps remove toxins and waste from the skin. Together, blood and lymph play a crucial role in maintaining the health and nourishment of the skin.

Milia are small, white bumps that appear on the skin, typically on the face. They are caused by the buildup of dead skin cells and sebum (oil) in the pores, which creates a small, hard cyst under the skin. Unlike other types of acne, milia do not have an apparent opening or pore on the surface of the skin. They are often mistaken for whiteheads, but unlike whiteheads, milia cannot be easily extracted by squeezing.

Free radical damage is considered an extrinsic factor. Extrinsic factors are external influences that can cause damage to the body, such as environmental pollutants, UV radiation, and toxins. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules that can cause damage to cells and tissues, leading to various health issues. Since free radicals are typically generated from external sources like pollution and radiation, they are categorized as extrinsic factors.

A spatula is commonly used to apply a paraffin wax mask. This tool allows for precise and even distribution of the wax onto the desired area. The flat and smooth surface of the spatula ensures that the mask is applied smoothly and evenly, resulting in better coverage and adherence to the skin. Additionally, using a spatula helps to maintain hygiene by preventing direct contact with the wax and minimizing the risk of contamination.

Loose powder is used to set foundation. It helps to mattify the skin, control shine, and increase the longevity of foundation. By applying a thin layer of loose powder over foundation, it helps to lock it in place and prevent it from creasing or smudging throughout the day. Additionally, loose powder can also help to blur the appearance of pores and fine lines, giving the skin a smoother and more flawless finish.

Basal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that often appears as a pearly or waxy nodule. This cancerous growth typically develops on areas of the skin that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face and neck. The pearly appearance of the nodule is due to the abnormal growth of cells in the basal layer of the skin. It is important to diagnose and treat basal cell carcinoma early, as it can invade surrounding tissues and cause disfigurement if left untreated.

In disincrustation, the client holds the positive electrode. This is because disincrustation is a skin treatment technique that uses galvanic current, where the positive electrode is used to soften and remove impurities from the skin. By holding the positive electrode, the client allows the current to flow through their skin, helping to cleanse and improve its appearance.

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Gommage is an example of manual exfoliation. Gommage is a skincare technique that involves applying a cream or gel to the skin and then gently massaging or rubbing it in circular motions. As the product is massaged, it forms small clumps that effectively remove dead skin cells and impurities from the surface of the skin. This manual exfoliation method helps to improve skin texture, promote cell turnover, and reveal a smoother, more radiant complexion.

The hair break from the papilla occurs in the telogen stage. During this stage, the hair follicle is in a resting phase and the hair is no longer growing. The hair shaft becomes detached from the papilla, which is the structure at the base of the hair follicle that provides nourishment to the hair. This detachment ultimately leads to the shedding of the hair.

A subcutaneous tumor refers to a growth or mass that develops beneath the skin. Steatoma, also known as a sebaceous cyst, is a type of subcutaneous tumor that forms when a hair follicle becomes blocked and oil builds up. These cysts are typically noncancerous and can occur anywhere on the body, but are commonly found on the face, neck, and trunk. Steatomas are usually painless and can vary in size. Treatment may involve surgical removal if the cyst becomes infected, causes discomfort, or is cosmetically undesirable.

The stratum germinativum, also known as the basal layer, is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It contains melanin, a pigment responsible for the color of our skin, hair, and eyes. Melanin is produced by melanocytes, specialized cells found in the stratum germinativum. It helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation by absorbing and scattering UV rays. Additionally, melanin also plays a role in determining our skin tone and providing some level of natural sun protection.

An abscess is a localized infection that occurs when bacteria enter the body and cause a pocket of pus to form. It is typically characterized by redness, swelling, and pain in the affected area. Abscesses can occur in various parts of the body, such as the skin, teeth, or internal organs. They are usually treated by draining the pus and administering antibiotics to eliminate the infection.

If a hot towel is used to remove a product and is too hot, it can cause damage to capillaries. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that are responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. Exposing them to extreme heat can lead to their dilation or rupture, causing damage to the surrounding tissue. This can result in redness, inflammation, and potential long-term damage if not treated properly.

A salicylic peel is used for exfoliation. Salicylic acid is a beta-hydroxy acid that helps to remove dead skin cells from the surface of the skin. This process of exfoliation can help to improve the texture and tone of the skin, unclog pores, and reduce the appearance of acne and blemishes. The peel works by penetrating the skin and breaking down the bonds between the dead skin cells, allowing them to be easily removed. Overall, the purpose of a salicylic peel is to promote a smoother, clearer, and more radiant complexion.

During a blood spill, the first thing you should do is to stop the service. This means that any activity or procedure that is being carried out should be halted immediately to prevent further contamination or spread of the blood. Stopping the service ensures that the safety of both the patient and healthcare professionals is prioritized, allowing for appropriate measures to be taken to clean up the spill and prevent any potential infections or accidents.

Keratinocytes are found in the stratum corneum layer of the skin. This layer is the outermost layer of the epidermis and is composed of dead skin cells that have been filled with keratin, a tough protein that provides strength and protection to the skin. The stratum corneum acts as a barrier against environmental factors such as water loss, UV radiation, and pathogens. Keratinocytes in this layer continuously shed and are replaced by new cells from the underlying layers of the epidermis.

Comfrey root is known for its calming properties. It has been traditionally used to soothe and relax the body and mind. The herb contains compounds that have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, which can help reduce stress and anxiety. Additionally, comfrey root has been used topically to alleviate skin irritations and promote healing. Its calming properties make it a popular ingredient in herbal remedies and teas that are used to promote relaxation and relieve tension.

A jump from 7 to 9 on the pH scale represents a change of 2 units. Since the pH scale is logarithmic, each unit represents a tenfold difference in acidity or alkalinity. Therefore, a jump of 2 units represents a 100% increase in acidity or alkalinity.

Staphylococci are a type of pus-forming bacteria that tend to grow in clusters. They are commonly found in abscesses, pustules, and boils. Staphylococci are gram-positive bacteria that can cause a variety of infections in humans, ranging from minor skin infections to more severe conditions like pneumonia and bloodstream infections. Their ability to form clusters helps them evade the immune system and spread easily in the affected area, leading to the formation of pus-filled lesions.

When using a lancet, the angle parallel to the face is 35 degrees. This means that the lancet should be held at a 35-degree angle in relation to the surface it is being used on. This angle allows for optimal penetration and minimizes discomfort or pain for the person being pierced. It is important to maintain this angle to ensure accurate and effective use of the lancet.

A barber wrap typically covers the entire face except for the nostrils. This is because the nostrils need to remain uncovered to allow the person to breathe comfortably during the barbering process. By leaving out the nostrils, the barber can ensure that the client can still breathe properly while their face is covered and protected.

Comfrey root is known for its soothing and astringent properties. It has been traditionally used to treat wounds, bruises, and skin irritations due to its ability to reduce inflammation and promote healing. The astringent properties of comfrey root help to tighten and tone the skin, making it effective in reducing the appearance of pores and controlling excess oil production. Additionally, comfrey root contains allantoin, a compound that aids in cell regeneration and promotes healthy skin. Therefore, comfrey root is considered a soothing and astringent herb.