The Candid Test On CCNA Chapter 6

An IPv4 address is made up of 32 bits. This means that there are 32 binary digits used to represent an IPv4 address. Each bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, resulting in a total of 4,294,967,296 possible unique IPv4 addresses.

The primary reason for the development of IPv6 is to provide expanded addressing capabilities. IPv6 was created to address the limitation of IPv4's 32-bit addressing scheme, which could only support a limited number of unique IP addresses. With the rapid growth of the internet and the increasing number of devices connected to it, IPv6 was developed to provide a much larger pool of unique IP addresses, ensuring that there are enough addresses to accommodate the expanding network. This allows for the continued growth and scalability of the internet.

The given IP address and subnet mask indicate that the last 5 bits of the address are used for host addresses, while the remaining bits are used for the network address. Therefore, the given address (172.16.134.64) falls within the range of network addresses and is not a usable host address or a broadcast address.

The network address 172.30.1.0 falls under the Class B range of IP addresses, which means the default subnet mask is 255.255.0.0. However, since it is required to have up to 254 hosts, a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 would be assigned. This subnet mask allows for 254 usable IP addresses within the network, with the first three octets (172.30.1) representing the network address and the last octet (0) being available for host addresses.

Routers use the process of binary ANDing to determine the subnet network address based on a given IP address and subnet mask. Binary ANDing involves comparing each bit of the IP address and subnet mask, and if both bits are 1, the corresponding bit in the subnet network address is set to 1. This process helps in identifying the network portion of the IP address and separating it from the host portion.

A group of hosts that have identical bit patterns in the high order bits of their addresses is called a network. In computer networking, a network refers to a collection of interconnected devices that can communicate and share resources with each other. The high order bits of an IP address determine the network portion of the address, which is used to identify the specific network that a host belongs to. Therefore, a group of hosts with identical high order bit patterns share the same network.

Servers, network printers, and routers are recommended to be assigned static IP addresses. This is because these devices typically provide services or act as gateways in a network. By assigning them static IP addresses, it ensures that their IP addresses remain constant, allowing other devices to reliably connect to them and access their services. Additionally, it makes it easier to manage and troubleshoot these devices as their IP addresses are fixed and can be easily identified on the network.

The default gateway is on a different subnet from the host. This means that the host and the default gateway are not in the same network. In order for the host to access resources on the Internet, it needs to communicate with the default gateway, which acts as a bridge between the local network and the Internet. If the default gateway is on a different subnet, the host will not be able to reach it and therefore cannot access resources on the Internet.

The correct answer is IP address: 192.168.10.38 subnet mask: 255.255.255.248 default gateway: 192.168.10.33. This is the correct configuration because the subnet mask 255.255.255.248 indicates that the subnet has 8 addresses, with 6 usable addresses for hosts. The first usable host address is assigned to the router interface, which in this case is 192.168.10.33. The last usable host address is assigned to the workgroup server, which in this case is 192.168.10.38. The default gateway is the address of the router interface, which is 192.168.10.33.

The network mask 255.255.255.192 will be appropriate to address the remaining networks. This subnet mask provides a total of 64 host addresses, which is the same number of host addresses required for each network.

The fact that host A is having trouble with Internet connectivity but has full connectivity to the server farm suggests that the issue lies with the network address translation (NAT) configuration. NAT allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address, enabling them to access the Internet. If host A does not have NAT configured correctly, it may not be able to access the Internet despite having connectivity to the server farm.

The IP addressing scheme shown in the graphic has a subnet mask of 255.255.255.224, which corresponds to a /27 network prefix. This means that the first 27 bits of the IP address are used to identify the network, while the remaining 5 bits are used for host addresses. Therefore, a /27 network prefix will work with this IP addressing scheme.

The given IP address 172.16.192.166 with a mask of 255.255.255.248 belongs to the subnet 172.16.192.160. This is because the subnet mask 255.255.255.248 has a binary representation of 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000, which means the first 29 bits are fixed and the last 3 bits can vary. When we apply this subnet mask to the IP address, we find that the last 3 bits of the IP address are 010, which corresponds to the subnet 172.16.192.160.

If a router receives an ICMP packet with a TTL value of 1 and the destination host is several hops away, two things will happen. First, the router will discard the packet because the TTL value has reached zero. Second, the router will send a time exceeded message to the source host to inform it that the packet could not reach the destination due to the TTL value being expired.

The given IP address is 172.25.67.99 with a subnet mask of /23. The subnet mask of /23 means that the first 23 bits of the IP address are the network address, and the remaining 9 bits are for host addresses.

Converting the subnet mask /23 to binary, we get 11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000.

By applying the subnet mask to the IP address, we can determine the network address. The network address is obtained by performing a bitwise AND operation between the IP address and the subnet mask.

Performing the bitwise AND operation between 172.25.67.99 and 11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000, we get 10101100.00011001.01000010.00000000, which is the network address.

The response shown would be displayed after issuing the command ping 127.0.0.1 on a PC because the Internet Protocol is not properly installed on the host. This means that the PC is unable to communicate with the loopback address, which is used to test network connectivity on the local machine. Without a properly installed Internet Protocol, the PC cannot send or receive data packets, resulting in the displayed response.

The three IP addresses that are private are 10.35.66.70, 192.168.99.5, and 172.18.88.90. Private IP addresses are reserved for use within private networks and are not routable over the internet. These addresses are commonly used in home and office networks for internal communication. The other IP addresses listed (172.168.33.1, 192.33.55.89, and 172.35.16.5) are not private addresses and can be used for public internet communication.

Private addresses being blocked from the public Internet by a router is true because private IP addresses are not routable on the Internet and are meant for use within a private network. The IP address 127.0.0.1, also known as the loopback address, can be used by a host to direct traffic to itself. This address is reserved for testing and troubleshooting purposes and is commonly used to check if the network stack of a device is functioning properly.

The network portion of an IPv4 address is identical for all hosts in a broadcast domain because it represents the network to which the hosts belong. It varies in length because it can be subnetted to create smaller networks within a larger network. It is used to forward packets as routers use the network portion of the address to determine the next hop for the packet.

IPv6 has a larger address space compared to IPv4, allowing for a significantly larger number of unique IP addresses. It also introduces data types and classes of service, which provide more flexibility and options for different types of data transmission. Additionally, IPv6 includes authentication and encryption features, enhancing the security of network communications.

The given answer is correct because the subnet mask /26 means that the first 26 bits of the IP address are used to identify the network, leaving 6 bits for host addresses. Therefore, the valid host addresses within the subnet are those that have the last 6 bits as non-zero values. The IP addresses 172.16.4.155 and 172.16.4.193 fit this criteria.