Cell Transport And Energy Quiz: Exam!

1.

The process in which the movement of materials across a membrane requires energy is ____.

A.

Passive transport
B.

Diffusion
C.

Active transport
D.

Facilitated diffusion

Correct Answer
C. Active transport

Explanation
Active transport is the process in which the movement of materials across a membrane requires energy. Unlike passive transport, which does not require energy, active transport uses energy, usually in the form of ATP, to move substances against their concentration gradient. This process allows cells to transport molecules or ions from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Active transport is crucial for maintaining proper cellular function and is responsible for processes such as nutrient uptake, ion pumping, and the removal of waste products.

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2.

The process that moves any material from high concentrations to low concentrations is called ____.

A.

Diffusion
B.

Active transport
C.

Endocytosis
D.

Osmosis

Correct Answer
A. Diffusion

Explanation
Diffusion is the process that moves any material from high concentrations to low concentrations. It occurs due to the random movement of particles, and it does not require any energy input. Active transport, on the other hand, moves materials against their concentration gradient, from low to high concentrations, and requires energy. Endocytosis is a process by which cells engulf materials and bring them into the cell. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

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3.

The process in which materials from the surrounding area are taken into the cell is called ____.

A.

Pump
B.

Endocytosis
C.

Exocytosis
D.

Passive transport

Correct Answer
B. Endocytosis

Explanation
Endocytosis is the correct answer because it is the process by which materials from the surrounding area are taken into the cell. It involves the engulfment of substances by the cell membrane, forming a vesicle that brings the materials into the cell's interior. This process is essential for the uptake of nutrients, the removal of waste, and the regulation of cell signaling. Endocytosis is an active process that requires energy expenditure by the cell.

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4.

The compound in which energy is released through the process of cellular respiration is called ____.

A.

Sunlight
B.

ATP
C.

ADP
D.

Metabolism

Correct Answer
B. ATP

Explanation
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the correct answer. ATP is a molecule that stores and releases energy in cells during the process of cellular respiration. It is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell because it provides the necessary energy for various cellular activities. Through cellular respiration, ATP is produced by breaking down glucose and other molecules, releasing energy that can be used by the cell for functions like muscle contraction, active transport, and synthesis of molecules.

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5.

The energy pathway that uses energy to build up larger molecules from smaller ones is known as _____.

A.

ATP
B.

ADP
C.

Catabolic
D.

Anabolic

Correct Answer
D. Anabolic

Explanation
Anabolic is the correct answer because it refers to the energy pathway that uses energy to build up larger molecules from smaller ones. This process is known as anabolism, and it is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. Anabolic reactions require energy input, usually in the form of ATP, to synthesize complex molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

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6.

Energy can be defined as ____.

A.

Formation of power
B.

Chemical reactions
C.

Ability to do work
D.

Creation of heat

Correct Answer
C. Ability to do work

Explanation
Energy can be defined as the ability to do work. Work is defined as the transfer of energy from one object to another, or the application of a force over a distance. Energy is required to perform work, and it can exist in various forms such as kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy, and chemical energy. The ability to do work implies that energy has the capacity to cause changes in the physical or chemical state of objects or systems.

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7.

Facilitated diffusion requires __________ to move solutes from a high concentration to a low concentration.

A.

Only a protein channel or carrier
B.

ATP and a protein channel or carrier
C.

Only ATP
D.

A vesicle

Correct Answer
A. Only a protein channel or carrier

Explanation
Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport process that allows solutes to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Unlike simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion requires the assistance of a protein channel or carrier to facilitate the movement of solutes across the cell membrane. This protein channel or carrier helps to create a pathway or bind to the solute molecules, allowing them to cross the membrane more easily. ATP is not required for facilitated diffusion, as it is not an active transport process that requires energy. A vesicle, on the other hand, is involved in a different type of transport called vesicular transport, which is not related to facilitated diffusion.

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8.

The organelle that is the site of cellular respiration is the ____.

A.

Cytoplasm
B.

Nucleus
C.

Mitochondria
D.

Chloroplast

Correct Answer
C. Mitochondria

Explanation
The mitochondria is the correct answer because it is known as the powerhouse of the cell and is responsible for cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy in the form of ATP. This process occurs in the mitochondria, where glucose is broken down and ATP is produced. The cytoplasm is the fluid-filled space within the cell where various cellular processes occur, but cellular respiration specifically takes place in the mitochondria. The nucleus is responsible for storing and protecting the cell's DNA, while the chloroplast is found in plant cells and is responsible for photosynthesis.

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9.

What does this image represent?

A.

Passive transport
B.

Active transport
C.

Pinocytosis
D.

Phagocytosis

Correct Answer
B. Active transport

Explanation
The image most likely represents active transport because this process requires energy to move molecules or ions across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient. Active transport is characterized by the use of transport proteins and ATP to pump substances across the membrane.

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10.

What process is shown in this picture? (The blue and purple blobs are transport proteins and the green pieces are solutes.)

A.

Active transport
B.

Facilitated diffusion
C.

Osmosis
D.

Pinocytosis

Correct Answer
B. Facilitated diffusion

Explanation
The process shown in the picture is facilitated diffusion. This is indicated by the presence of transport proteins (blue and purple blobs) that aid in the movement of solutes (green pieces) across the cell membrane. Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport process where molecules move down their concentration gradient with the help of specific transport proteins. It does not require energy input from the cell.

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