1.
The coin toss occurs:
Correct Answer
C. Three minutes before the scheduled starting time.
Explanation
The coin toss occurs three minutes before the scheduled starting time. This is a common practice in many sports, including football and basketball. The purpose of the coin toss is to determine which team gets to choose between offense and defense or which side of the field they want to start on. By conducting the coin toss a few minutes before the scheduled starting time, it allows the teams to make any necessary adjustments or preparations based on the outcome of the coin toss.
2.
It is not acceptable for the umpire to rule on a loose ball in the end zone that is recovered by either team provided he first checks with the wing officials prior to giving any signal.
Correct Answer
B. False.
Explanation
The correct answer is False. It is acceptable for the umpire to rule on a loose ball in the end zone without checking with the wing officials first.
3.
The back judge throws his flag for a live-ball foul. The line judge, who had shared coverage responsibility on the play, did not see a foul. The line judge:
Correct Answer
C. Should not throw his flag.
Explanation
The line judge should not throw his flag. This is because the line judge did not see a foul and should not make a call based on the back judge's flag alone. It is important for officials to have their own independent judgment and not rely solely on the call of another official. Throwing a flag without personally witnessing a foul could lead to confusion and inconsistency in the game. Therefore, the line judge should refrain from throwing his flag in this situation.
4.
After a free-kick from team K’s 40 yard line, the linesman should:
Correct Answer
B. Move no farther downfield than team R’s 40 yardline.
Explanation
The correct answer is to move no farther downfield than team R's 40 yard line. This is because the linesman needs to maintain a position that allows them to accurately judge whether the ball has crossed the 40 yard line. Moving farther downfield may hinder their ability to make this judgment correctly.
5.
In a trips formation, the back judge’s key(s) are (is):
Correct Answer
C. The two inside receivers.
Explanation
In a trips formation, the back judge's key is the two inside receivers. This means that the back judge's primary responsibility is to closely monitor and cover the two receivers who are positioned closest to the center of the field. These two receivers are typically the ones who have the highest likelihood of running routes and being targeted by the quarterback. By focusing on these two receivers, the back judge can effectively track their movements, ensure fair play, and make accurate calls if necessary.
6.
A balanced formation means there are the same number of eligible receivers outside of the tackles on both sides of the formation.
Correct Answer
A. True.
Explanation
A balanced formation refers to a formation in football where there are an equal number of eligible receivers positioned outside of the tackles on both sides. This means that the offense has an equal number of potential pass-catching options on each side, which can help create a balanced attack and keep the defense guessing. Therefore, the statement "A balanced formation means there are the same number of eligible receivers outside of the tackles on both sides of the formation" is true.
7.
B1 intercepts a pass at his own 30-yard line. The covering official should drop his beanbag at the spot of the interception.
Correct Answer
B. False.
Explanation
The covering official should not drop his beanbag at the spot of the interception. The beanbag is used to mark the spot where a change of possession occurs, such as a fumble or a muffed punt. In the case of an interception, the team that intercepted the pass automatically gains possession at the spot of the interception, so there is no need for the official to mark it with a beanbag. Therefore, the correct answer is false.
8.
An official tries to throw his flag at the spot of a foul but the flag falls several feet short. After the ball is dead, the official should:
Correct Answer
B. Pick up the flag and move it to the proper spot.
Explanation
If the official's flag falls several feet short of the spot of the foul, it is necessary for the official to pick up the flag and move it to the proper spot. This is important to ensure that the correct penalty or enforcement of the foul is applied. Leaving the flag where it is would result in an inaccurate placement of the foul, potentially affecting the outcome of the game. Using a foot to move it unobtrusively may not provide the necessary precision and accuracy required for proper enforcement.
9.
Reverse goalline mechanics:
Correct Answer
B. Are used when the ball is snapped at or inside team A’s five yardline.
Explanation
Reverse goalline mechanics are used when the ball is snapped at or inside team A's five yardline.
10.
Responsibility for stopping the clock for a potential first down rests with the:
Correct Answer
D. Line judge.
Explanation
The line judge is responsible for stopping the clock for a potential first down. They are positioned on the sideline and are responsible for determining whether the ball has reached the necessary distance for a first down. They signal to the referee to stop the clock if a first down is achieved, allowing time for the chains to be moved and the next play to be set up. The referee, umpire, linesman, and back judge have other responsibilities during the game but do not have the specific responsibility of stopping the clock for a first down.
11.
An official should have the whistle in his mouth from the snap until the ball is declared dead.
Correct Answer
B. False.
Explanation
An official should have the whistle in his mouth from the snap until the ball is declared dead. This statement is false. While it is true that the official should have the whistle in his mouth during the play, it is not necessary to keep it in his mouth until the ball is declared dead. The official may need to use his hands for signaling or other actions during the course of the play, so it is not required to keep the whistle in his mouth for the entire duration.
12.
When using coffin corner mechanics, the back judge and line judge:
Correct Answer
C. Are positioned behind the pylon to see if the ball goes over, inside or outside it.
13.
To indicate double stakes, the officials should:
Correct Answer
A. Cross their wrists at chest level.
Explanation
The correct answer is to cross their wrists at chest level. This action is a commonly recognized signal in sports officiating to indicate double stakes. By crossing their wrists at chest level, the officials clearly communicate to the players and spectators that the stakes have been doubled. This visual signal is easily visible and understood by everyone involved in the game.
14.
An onside kick is anticipated. Assuming the spot for the kick has not been moved by penalty, the umpire’s position is:
Correct Answer
B. On team R’s free kick line.
Explanation
The correct answer is on team R's free kick line. In an onside kick situation, the kicking team (team K) attempts to recover the ball after it travels at least 10 yards. The umpire's position is on the receiving team's (team R) free kick line to ensure that both teams are properly positioned and to closely monitor the play.
15.
When conducting the coin toss, the referee should:
Correct Answer
B. Have his back to the scoreboard.
Explanation
The correct answer is to have his back to the scoreboard. This is because when conducting a coin toss, the referee needs to ensure fairness and impartiality. By having his back to the scoreboard, the referee eliminates any potential bias or advantage towards either team. It ensures that the coin toss is conducted in a neutral and unbiased manner.
16.
First and 10 from Team A’s 20-yard line. A1’s run ends on team A’s 24-yard line on the linesman’s side of the field between the numbers and the hash marks (first down not an issue). To mark progress the linesman should:
Correct Answer
A. Square up at the progress spot and move about five to six yards from the dead-ball spot.
Explanation
The linesman should square up at the progress spot and move about five to six yards from the dead-ball spot. This is because the runner's progress ended on Team A's 24-yard line, and the linesman needs to mark the spot where the runner was down. Moving five to six yards from the dead-ball spot allows the linesman to accurately mark the spot and ensure that the next down starts from the correct location on the field.
17.
An official’s penalty flag should be placed in a pocket or in the belt so it is conspicuous; that lets the teams know the officials intend to maintain control of the game.
Correct Answer
B. False.
Explanation
The statement suggests that an official's penalty flag should be placed in a pocket or in the belt so that it is conspicuous and lets the teams know that the officials intend to maintain control of the game. However, the correct answer is false because an official's penalty flag is actually thrown onto the field to indicate a penalty, not placed in a pocket or belt.
18.
When should the linesman and line judge immediately move toward team B’s goal line at the snap?
Correct Answer
A. When the ball is snapped at or inside team B’s five yardline.
Explanation
The linesman and line judge should immediately move toward team B's goal line when the ball is snapped at or inside team B's five yardline. This is because the five yardline is a critical point on the field where the offense is in a scoring position and the defense needs to be closely monitored. Moving toward the goal line allows the linesman and line judge to have a better view of the play and make accurate calls.
19.
The officials should change the down on their wristband indicators:
Correct Answer
C. When the referee gives the ready for play signal.
Explanation
When the referee gives the ready for play signal, the officials should change the down on their wristband indicators. This signal indicates that the previous play has ended and the teams are ready to resume play. Therefore, it is the appropriate time for the officials to update the down on their wristbands to accurately reflect the current down in the game.
20.
Team A is in the huddle. The umpire notices team B’s ball has been spotted for use on the play. The umpire should:
Correct Answer
D. Have the wing official on team A’s sideline obtain a team A ball that can be used.
Explanation
The correct answer is to have the wing official on team A's sideline obtain a team A ball that can be used. In this situation, the umpire notices that team B's ball has been spotted for use on the play. However, the rules state that team B's ball must be used until the series ends or a change of possession occurs. Therefore, the umpire should not do nothing or tell the referee, as those actions would not address the issue. Instead, the umpire should have the wing official on team A's sideline get a team A ball that can be used, ensuring that the correct ball is used for the play.
21.
The linesman issues a sideline warning to team A. The line judge should:
Correct Answer
B. Make team B’s head coach aware of the sideline warning and either thank him for his compliance or remind him of the need to keep the area clear.
Explanation
The correct answer is to make team B's head coach aware of the sideline warning and either thank him for his compliance or remind him of the need to keep the area clear. This is because the sideline warning issued to team A applies to both teams, and it is the line judge's responsibility to ensure that both teams are aware of the warning and comply with it. The line judge may express gratitude if team B's coach is already following the rules or remind him of the need to keep the area clear if necessary.
22.
The box man will hold the previous spot with previous down showing until:
Correct Answer
A. The linesman instructs him to move.
Explanation
The box man will hold the previous spot with previous down showing until the linesman instructs him to move. This means that the linesman has the authority to signal to the box man when it is time for him to move to the next spot. The other options, such as the referee instructing him to move or the ball being spotted by the umpire, do not determine when the box man should move. Only the linesman has the authority to give this instruction.
23.
The spot where the runner’s knee touches the ground is seldom if ever the forward progress spot.
Correct Answer
A. True.
Explanation
The statement is true because the forward progress spot in football is determined by where the runner's body is when he is ruled down by contact, not by where his knee touches the ground. The knee touching the ground is just one factor that officials may consider when determining forward progress, but it is not the sole determining factor.
24.
Forward progress is indicated by using:
Correct Answer
B. The downfield foot.
Explanation
When a player is moving forward in a game, they indicate their progress by using the downfield foot. This means that the foot closest to the direction they are moving in is the one they use to push off and propel themselves forward. The other foot is used to maintain balance and stability. By using the downfield foot, the player can generate more power and speed in their movement, allowing them to advance towards their goal.
25.
Team A runs a sweep to the linesman’s side of the field. To properly cover the play, the linesman should:
Correct Answer
C. Trail the runner slightly and stay on or outside the sideline.
Explanation
The linesman should trail the runner slightly and stay on or outside the sideline in order to properly cover the play. This position allows the linesman to have a clear view of the play while also staying close enough to make accurate calls. By trailing the runner slightly, the linesman can anticipate any potential infractions or fouls and be in a good position to make the necessary judgments. Staying on or outside the sideline ensures that the linesman does not interfere with the play while still being able to closely monitor it.
26.
An official wishes to use cross-field mechanics but when the involved official looks for help, he finds that no help is available. The involved official must:
Correct Answer
A. Pick the best spot he can find.
27.
Who keeps the time for a charged team timeout?
Correct Answer
D. Back judge.
Explanation
The back judge is responsible for keeping the time for a charged team timeout.
28.
The umpire places the ball on the ground, but the linesman tells him the spot is incorrect. The umpire should:
Correct Answer
D. Pick up the ball, “wipe it off” and place it at the new spot.
Explanation
The correct answer is to pick up the ball, "wipe it off" and place it at the new spot. This is because the linesman has indicated that the spot where the umpire initially placed the ball is incorrect. Therefore, the umpire should pick up the ball and move it to the spot indicated by the linesman.
29.
When there is a fumble or a muff and no possession can be determined due to the pile of players, the referee should stop the clock until possession is determined.
Correct Answer
A. True.
Explanation
In situations where there is a fumble or a muff and it is impossible to determine possession due to a pile of players, the referee is instructed to stop the clock until possession is determined. This allows for a fair assessment of the situation and ensures that the game can proceed accurately.
30.
Generally speaking, coffin corner mechanics should be used:
Correct Answer
C. Any time team K is in punt formation at or inside team R’s 40 yardline.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Any time team K is in punt formation at or inside team R’s 40 yardline." This is because the coffin corner mechanics are used to pin the opposing team deep in their own territory. By punting the ball towards the corner of the field, it becomes more difficult for the receiving team to return the ball and gain good field position. Therefore, using the coffin corner mechanics when team K is at or inside team R's 40 yardline maximizes the chances of pinning the opposing team deep in their own territory.
31.
The umpire should use a rubber band or similar device on the hand opposite the one with the down indicator to:
Correct Answer
D. Keep track of the ball position on the field.
Explanation
The umpire should use a rubber band or similar device on the hand opposite the one with the down indicator to keep track of the ball position on the field. This allows the umpire to easily and quickly reference the ball's location during the game, which is important for making accurate calls and decisions. It helps ensure that the umpire is in the right position to determine if the ball has crossed certain lines or reached certain markers on the field.
32.
Third and 12 on team A’s 26 yard line is an example of:
Correct Answer
A. Double stakes.
33.
The back judge is properly positioned straddling the goal line and is the covering official when an eligible receiver attempts to catch a pass. The ball is five yards deep in the end zone when the receiver reaches for it. The back judge should:
Correct Answer
B. Move to cover the play.
Explanation
The back judge should move to cover the play because they are the covering official when an eligible receiver attempts to catch a pass. By moving to cover the play, the back judge can ensure that they have the best angle and position to make an accurate call on whether the catch is made or not. This allows them to effectively officiate the game and make the correct ruling based on their position and perspective.
34.
An official who is having difficulty counting players should:
Correct Answer
C. Twirl the index finger at chest level.
Explanation
The correct answer is to twirl the index finger at chest level. This gesture is a recognized signal in sports officiating that indicates a need for a head count. By twirling the index finger at chest level, the official can discreetly communicate to the nearest crewmate that they are having difficulty counting the players on the field. This allows for a quick and efficient resolution to the issue without disrupting the flow of the game.
35.
When a measurement occurs, the umpire:
Correct Answer
A. Is in charge of the front stake.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Is in charge of the front stake." In the game being described, the umpire's responsibility is to oversee the front stake, which is a marker used in the game. The other options, holding the ball in place and obtaining a new ball, are not mentioned in the context of the question and therefore are not correct.
36.
Team A is in the formation and calling signals as a time for a period is winding down. If the clock expires before the snap, the official responsible for blowing the whistle and indicating the end of the period is:
Correct Answer
D. The referee or the back judge, depending on which is facing the clock.
Explanation
The correct answer is "The referee or the back judge, depending on which is facing the clock." In football, when the clock is winding down and about to expire, the responsibility of blowing the whistle and indicating the end of the period falls on either the referee or the back judge. This depends on which official has a better view of the clock and is facing it at that moment. Therefore, it can be either the referee or the back judge who signals the end of the period based on their positioning and visibility of the clock.
37.
The cross field mechanic:
Correct Answer
D. Refers to a mechanic in which the wing official looks across the field to the opposite wing official for forward progress when he is unable to get to the spot or does not have a spot.
Explanation
The cross field mechanic refers to a specific technique used by the wing official in football. When the wing official is unable to reach the spot or does not have a clear view, they look across the field to the opposite wing official to determine the forward progress of the ball. This helps the officials make accurate calls regarding whether or not a pass is caught or a fumble has occurred.
38.
First and goal from team B’s seven-yard line. A1 carries the ball beyond team B’s goal line. The umpire sees the entire play and knows a touchdown has been scored. It’s OK for the umpire to signal a touchdown.
Correct Answer
B. False.
Explanation
The umpire cannot signal a touchdown in this situation because the play started from team B's seven-yard line and A1 carried the ball beyond team B's goal line. In order for a touchdown to be scored, the ball must cross the goal line while being in the possession of a player from team A. Since A1 carried the ball beyond the goal line, it means that he crossed the goal line from the opposite direction, which does not result in a touchdown. Therefore, the correct answer is false.
39.
When the optional hot weather uniform is worn, the officials should wear the same one-piece northwestern style tube socks as they would with knickers.
Correct Answer
B. False.
Explanation
The explanation for the answer "False" is that the statement is incorrect. The officials should not wear the same one-piece northwestern style tube socks with the optional hot weather uniform as they would with knickers.
40.
A1’s run results in a touchdown, but A2 is flagged for holding at the line of scrimmage.
Correct Answer
A. The choice is obvious; the referee need not ask team B if it wishes to accept the penalty.
Explanation
In American football, when a team commits a penalty, the opposing team has the option to accept or decline the penalty. However, if the penalty occurs during a play that results in a touchdown, the opposing team does not need to be asked if they want to accept the penalty because the touchdown is already a more advantageous outcome for them. Therefore, the correct answer states that the choice is obvious and the referee does not need to ask team B if they wish to accept the penalty.
41.
A1’s legal forward pass over the middle is trapped by A2. The umpire has a clear view of the play.
Correct Answer
C. If the umpire clearly sees the trap, he must not hesitate to signal incomplete.
Explanation
The correct answer states that if the umpire clearly sees the trap, he must not hesitate to signal incomplete. This means that if the umpire has a clear view of the play and determines that the pass was trapped by A2, he should immediately signal that the pass is incomplete. The umpire's role is to make calls based on what they see, and in this case, if the trap is clear, they should not hesitate to make the appropriate call.
42.
A1’s run ends on the numbers on the line judge’s side of the field and may be enough for a first down. The line judge should:
Correct Answer
D. All of the above.
Explanation
The line judge should say "Close! Close!" to indicate that the runner's run ended near the first down marker. The line judge should also give the timeout signal if necessary. Additionally, the line judge should hold the spot until a crewmate hands him the ball, ensuring that the correct placement of the ball is maintained. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.
43.
Team A scores a touchdown. The back judge is the covering official. There are no flags on the play. The back judge should:
Correct Answer
D. Give only the touchdown signal.
Explanation
When a team scores a touchdown, the back judge, who is the covering official, should give only the touchdown signal. This signal confirms that a touchdown has been scored and allows the scoring team to celebrate. As there are no flags on the play, there is no need for the back judge to give the timeout signal.
44.
It is strongly recommended that each official
should blow his whistle at the end of a play.
Correct Answer
B. False.
Explanation
The statement suggests that it is necessary for each official to blow his whistle at the end of a play. However, this is not true as different officials have different roles and responsibilities during a game, and blowing the whistle at the end of a play may not be required for all officials. Therefore, the correct answer is false.
45.
On plays that end out of
bounds, the clock stops when:
Correct Answer
A. The runner or the ball goes out of bounds.
Explanation
When a play ends out of bounds, the clock stops because either the runner or the ball goes out of bounds. This means that if either the player carrying the ball or the ball itself goes out of bounds, the clock will be stopped. This rule ensures that the game clock accurately reflects the time remaining in the game and allows for a fair and accurate assessment of the play.
46.
Second and 10 for team
A. A1 runs for three yards and fumbles. Prone A2 recovers inbounds. The
covering official should:
Correct Answer
C. Use an upraised arm to indicate it’s third down.
Explanation
The correct answer is to use an upraised arm to indicate it's third down. In American football, each team has four attempts, or downs, to advance the ball 10 yards. If a team fails to advance the ball 10 yards in the first three downs, it becomes the fourth down. In this scenario, A1 runs for three yards but fumbles, and A2 recovers the ball inbounds. Since it is the second down and the team has not yet achieved a first down, the covering official should use an upraised arm to indicate that it's now third down for team A.
47.
When a team’s request
for a charged timeout is granted, the officials should:
Correct Answer
D. All of the above.
Explanation
When a team's request for a charged timeout is granted, the officials should record the time on the game clock to ensure that the timeout is properly accounted for. They should also record who made the request, whether it was a player's number, the head coach, or a designee. Additionally, the officials should confirm with each other the number of timeouts each team has remaining to ensure that the teams are being treated fairly and that the timeout is being properly deducted from the team's remaining timeouts. Therefore, all of the above actions should be taken by the officials when a team's request for a charged timeout is granted.
48.
The onfield official responsible for the
25-second clock is the:
Correct Answer
E. Back judge.
Explanation
The back judge is the onfield official responsible for the 25-second clock. They are responsible for keeping track of the time and ensuring that the play clock is properly managed during the game. The back judge is positioned in the defensive backfield and is responsible for making calls related to pass interference, illegal contact, and holding by defensive players. They also assist with other officiating duties, such as determining if a player has caught a pass in bounds.
49.
A running play ends with
the runner on the ground inbounds near the hashmark. There is a pile of players
between the runner and the top of the numbers. To mark the forward progress,
the covering wing official should:
Correct Answer
D. Pinch to the location of the pile and stop.
Explanation
The correct answer is to "Pinch to the location of the pile and stop." In this situation, the covering wing official should move towards the pile of players and stop at the location of the pile. This is because the forward progress of the runner is determined by the most forward part of their body when they are down, which in this case would be near the pile. It is the responsibility of the covering wing official to accurately mark the spot where the runner's forward progress is stopped.
50.
Team A is moving left to right as the line judge views the field. The line judge notices that the eligible receiver nearest him is lined up in the backfield. The line judge should:
Correct Answer
D. Extend his left arm until the linesman acknowledges the signal, then the arm can be dropped.
Explanation
The line judge should extend his left arm until the linesman acknowledges the signal, then the arm can be dropped. This is because the eligible receiver nearest the line judge is lined up in the backfield. The line judge uses his arm signals to communicate with the linesman and indicate that the player is eligible to receive a pass. By extending his left arm, the line judge is signaling to the linesman that the player is eligible. Once the linesman acknowledges the signal, the line judge can drop his arm.