Ch. 1.4 Europe Before Transatlantic Travel Quiz

Explanation
Socrates wanted to make people think and question their own beliefs. He believed in the Socratic method, which involved asking probing questions to encourage critical thinking and self-reflection. By challenging people's beliefs and assumptions, Socrates aimed to stimulate intellectual growth and uncover the truth. His approach was considered revolutionary at the time and continues to be influential in philosophy and education today.

Explanation
Plato was a philosopher and teacher who wrote a work called Republic. He is known for his influential ideas on politics, ethics, and metaphysics. Republic is one of his most famous works, where he discusses the ideal state and the nature of justice. Plato's philosophical ideas have had a significant impact on Western thought and continue to be studied and debated today.

Explanation
Aristotle, the philosopher, advocated for the idea that individuals should lead their lives guided by reason and logical thinking. He believed that by employing rationality and organizing one's thoughts, people could achieve a balanced and virtuous existence. Aristotle's teachings emphasized the importance of using intellect to make informed decisions and pursue a life of purpose and fulfillment.

Explanation
Democracy is a form of government where the power is vested in the people, allowing them to participate in decision-making and rule themselves. In a democratic system, citizens have the right to vote, express their opinions, and hold elected representatives accountable. This form of government emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and the protection of human rights. Through democratic processes such as elections and referendums, the people have the opportunity to shape policies and determine the direction of their society.

Explanation
The warriors who fought on horseback and were given land in exchange for military service were known as knights. Knights played a crucial role in medieval warfare and were typically part of the feudal system. They were granted land, known as a fief, by a lord or monarch in return for their loyalty, protection, and military service. This system allowed knights to maintain their status as warriors while also being rewarded with land and wealth.

Explanation
The correct answer is plague, Black Death, Bubonic Plague. The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that swept through Europe in the 14th century, resulting in the death of an estimated 25 million people. It was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which was transmitted through fleas that infested black rats. The disease spread rapidly, causing severe symptoms such as high fever, swollen lymph nodes, and dark patches on the skin. The term "plague" is a general term used to describe any highly contagious and deadly epidemic disease, while "Black Death" and "Bubonic Plague" specifically refer to the outbreak that occurred in Europe during the Middle Ages.

Explanation
The correct answer is Renaissance. The term "Renaissance" means "rebirth" and it refers to the period that followed the Middle Ages in Europe. During this time, there was a renewed interest in art, literature, and learning, as well as a shift towards humanism and a focus on individualism. The Renaissance is often seen as a time of great cultural and intellectual growth, with significant advancements in various fields such as science, philosophy, and the arts.

Explanation
Johannes Gutenberg, also known as Gutenberg, is the German man who developed a printing press that used moveable type. This invention revolutionized the printing industry and made books more accessible and affordable. Gutenberg's printing press, which he developed around the 1440s, allowed for the mass production of books and played a crucial role in the spread of knowledge and the Renaissance.

Explanation
Mercantilism is an economic system that aims to unify and increase the power and wealth of a nation. It is characterized by government regulations and policies that promote exports and restrict imports, with the goal of accumulating precious metals and maintaining a favorable balance of trade. Under mercantilism, colonies are seen as sources of raw materials and markets for finished goods, further enhancing the wealth and influence of the nation. This economic system was prevalent in Europe during the 16th to 18th centuries and played a significant role in shaping global trade and colonization during that time.

Explanation
Joint-stock companies are businesses in which a group of people invest together. In this type of company, the ownership is divided into shares, and each shareholder has a proportional ownership stake. This allows for the pooling of resources and spreading of risk among multiple investors. Joint-stock companies are often used for large-scale operations and can raise significant amounts of capital through the sale of shares. The terms "joint-stock companies" and "joint stock companies" are interchangeable and refer to the same concept. Similarly, "joint-stock company" and "joint stock company" both describe a single business entity formed through collective investment.