Ch. 21 SEC. 1 West African Geography

The strip of land that separates the Sahara Desert from wetter areas is called the Sahel. The Sahel is a transitional zone between the desert and the savanna, characterized by semi-arid conditions and a mix of grassland and sparse vegetation. It is an important region for agriculture and pastoralism, as well as being a crucial ecological zone for biodiversity. The term "sahel" is derived from the Arabic word for "shore" or "coast", reflecting its position as a border region between the desert and more fertile lands.

Savanna

The correct answer is oil. Oil is the most valuable natural resource found off the coast of Nigeria. Nigeria is known for its abundant oil reserves, making it one of the largest oil-producing countries in Africa. The oil industry plays a crucial role in the Nigerian economy, contributing significantly to government revenue and foreign exchange earnings. The discovery and extraction of oil have transformed Nigeria's economic landscape, attracting foreign investments and driving industrial growth.

The correct answer is "The Niger River". The Niger River is the longest and most important river in West Africa. It is a major source of water for irrigation and transportation, and it supports a diverse ecosystem. The river flows through several countries including Guinea, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria, and it ultimately empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

The correct answer is desertification. Overgrazing of animals and cutting trees for firewood have led to the process of desertification in West Africa. This refers to the degradation and transformation of fertile land into desert-like conditions, usually caused by human activities. The excessive removal of vegetation and the subsequent loss of soil fertility contribute to the expansion of arid areas, making it difficult for plants and animals to survive. This phenomenon has severe consequences for local communities, including food insecurity, displacement, and environmental degradation.