Ch 4 Honors Test 3-b

Smog is a type of air pollution characterized by a mixture of smoke and fog, usually caused by the emissions from vehicles, industrial processes, and other sources. It is often seen as a hazy or dirty-looking cloud that hangs over cities and can have harmful effects on human health and the environment. In this case, the given air pollution is described as an example of smog, indicating that it is likely caused by the release of pollutants from various sources in the atmosphere.

Burning coal is indeed the largest source of air pollution in China. Coal is extensively used in China for power generation and industrial purposes, resulting in the release of large amounts of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter into the atmosphere. These pollutants contribute significantly to air pollution, causing various health issues and environmental problems. Therefore, the statement is true.

The statement suggests that transportation is the main contributor to air pollution. This could be due to the high number of vehicles on the road emitting harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. Transportation includes cars, trucks, buses, and airplanes, all of which release carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and other pollutants that contribute to air pollution. Additionally, transportation also involves the burning of fossil fuels, which further adds to the pollution. Therefore, it can be concluded that transportation is indeed the greatest cause of air pollution.

Burning wood is the cause of 49% of air pollution in Sacramento, CA. This is because the combustion of wood releases various pollutants into the air, including particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide. These pollutants contribute to poor air quality and can have detrimental effects on human health. Additionally, wood burning can also release greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change. Therefore, it is important to address and regulate wood burning practices to reduce air pollution in the area.

Lead has made the lowest drop since 1980. This means that the levels of lead pollution have decreased the least compared to the other pollutants listed.

Stubenville, OH has the highest mortality rate caused by fine particle air pollution. This can be inferred from the question, which asks for the city with the highest mortality rate. Since Stubenville, OH is one of the options provided, it can be concluded that it is the correct answer.

Petroleum resources provide plastic in addition to energy. Petroleum is a raw material used in the production of plastic. It is processed and refined to obtain various types of plastic, which are widely used in industries such as packaging, construction, automotive, and electronics. Plastic products have a wide range of applications and are essential in our daily lives, making petroleum an important resource for the production of plastic materials.

NIEHS stands for National Institute of Environmental Health Services. It is an organization that focuses on researching and addressing environmental factors that affect human health. This includes studying the impact of pollutants, chemicals, and other hazards on the environment and how they can potentially harm individuals. NIEHS aims to promote a healthier environment and prevent diseases caused by environmental exposures.

Since 1970, the United States has made significant efforts to reduce toxic releases. The answer of 50 million tons suggests that over the years, the country has successfully decreased the amount of toxic substances released into the environment by this substantial figure. This reduction demonstrates a commitment to environmental protection and sustainability.

Diesel fuel emissions contribute to 70% of the cancer risk in the USA due to air pollution. This means that the majority of the cancer risk in the country is caused by emissions from diesel fuel. It is important to address and reduce diesel fuel emissions in order to mitigate the health risks associated with air pollution and lower the overall cancer risk in the population.

The Clean Air Act is the most important law passed to deal with air pollution because it sets national air quality standards and regulates emissions from industries and vehicles. It also provides the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with the authority to enforce these standards and develop programs to reduce air pollution. The Clean Air Act has been instrumental in improving air quality and protecting public health by reducing harmful pollutants such as ozone, particulate matter, and carbon monoxide. It has also played a crucial role in addressing acid rain, ozone depletion, and climate change.

Vegetation, wildlife, and soil are considered renewable resources because they can be replenished or replaced naturally over time. Vegetation refers to plants and trees, which can grow and reproduce, ensuring a continuous supply. Wildlife includes animals and organisms that can reproduce and maintain their populations. Soil is renewable as it can be regenerated through natural processes such as decomposition and weathering. These resources can be managed sustainably to ensure their availability for future generations.

The statement is true because the pollutants emitted by power plants have been linked to various health issues. These pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, can cause respiratory problems and cardiovascular diseases. Lung cancer and heart attacks are among the serious health conditions that can be directly attributed to the pollutants released by power plants. Therefore, it is accurate to say that power plant pollutants contribute to a significant number of lung cancer deaths and heart attacks in the US each year.

In the 1970s, the first important laws were passed to decrease water pollution. This decade marked a significant turning point in environmental awareness and regulation. The passage of laws such as the Clean Water Act in the United States and the Water Act in the United Kingdom demonstrated a growing recognition of the need to protect and preserve water resources. These laws aimed to regulate industrial and municipal wastewater discharges, set water quality standards, and establish enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance. The 1970s can be considered a pivotal decade in the global effort to combat water pollution.

The correct answer is 180,000,000 mya. This is because oil is formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms, such as algae and plankton, that lived millions of years ago. Over time, these organic materials were buried under layers of sediment and subjected to high pressure and temperature, which transformed them into oil. Therefore, the oil being used today formed approximately 180 million years ago.

The function of the atmosphere's ozone layer is to shield Earth from harmful solar radiation. The ozone layer acts as a protective barrier, absorbing most of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation before it reaches the Earth's surface. This is crucial because excessive UV radiation can cause various health issues, such as skin cancer, cataracts, and immune system suppression. Therefore, the presence of the ozone layer is vital for the protection of life on Earth from the harmful effects of solar radiation.

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 is a federal law in the United States that regulates the management of hazardous waste. It establishes a comprehensive framework for the proper handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste to prevent environmental contamination and protect public health. By imposing regulations and penalties for improper disposal, the act has effectively decreased the illegal and unsafe dumping of hazardous waste.

Industries have gone to great lengths to reduce their amount of emissions.

An increased level of deforestation leads to more carbon being placed into the atmosphere. This is because trees absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, and when they are cut down, this process is disrupted. Additionally, deforestation reduces the number of trees available to remove carbon from the atmosphere, resulting in carbon being removed at a slower rate. Finally, with fewer trees, the amount of oxygen produced through respiration is also reduced, leading to a lessened amount of oxygen in the atmosphere.