1.
-Poor mechanical advantage relative to movement production
-Primarily Type I muscle fibers with a high degree of muscle spindles
--Optimal for providing proprioceptive information to CNS
-Inter/intra-segmental stabilization.
Correct Answer
A. Transversospinalis group
Explanation
Transversospinalis group -Poor mechanical advantage relative to movement production -Primarily Type I muscle fibers with high degree of muscle spindles --Optimal for providing proprioceptive information to CNS -Inter/intra-segmental stabilization Erector spinae -Provide intersegmental stabilization -Eccentrically decelerate trunk flexion and rotation Quadratus Lumborum -Frontal plane stabilizer -Works in conjunction with gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata Latissimus Dorsi -Bridge between upper extremity and core Abdominal Muscles -Rectus abdominus -External obliques -Internal obliques -Transverse abdominus -Work to optimize spinal mechanics -Provide sagittal, frontal and transverse plane stabilization
2.
-Provide intersegmental stabilization
-Eccentrically decelerate trunk flexion and rotation
Correct Answer
B. Erector spinae
Explanation
Transversospinalis group -Poor mechanical advantage relative to movement production -Primarily Type I muscle fibers with high degree of muscle spindles --Optimal for providing proprioceptive information to CNS -Inter/intra-segmental stabilization Erector spinae -Provide intersegmental stabilization -Eccentrically decelerate trunk flexion and rotation Quadratus Lumborum -Frontal plane stabilizer -Works in conjunction with gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata Latissimus Dorsi -Bridge between upper extremity and core Abdominal Muscles -Rectus abdominus -External obliques -Internal obliques -Transverse abdominus -Work to optimize spinal mechanics -Provide sagittal, frontal and transverse plane stabilization
3.
-Frontal plane stabilizer
-Works in conjunction with gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata
Correct Answer
C. Quadratus Lumborum
Explanation
Transversospinalis group
-Poor mechanical advantage relative to movement production
-Primarily Type I muscle fibers with high degree of muscle spindles
--Optimal for providing proprioceptive information to CNS
-Inter/intra-segmental stabilization
Erector spinae
-Provide intersegmental stabilization
-Eccentrically decelerate trunk flexion and rotation
Quadratus Lumborum
-Frontal plane stabilizer
-Works in conjunction with gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata
Latissimus Dorsi
-Bridge between upper extremity and core
Abdominal Muscles
-Rectus abdominus
-External obliques
-Internal obliques
-Transverse abdominus
-Work to optimize spinal mechanics
-Provide sagittal, frontal and transverse plane stabilization
4.
-Bridge between upper extremity and core
Correct Answer
D. Latissimus Dorsi
Explanation
Transversospinalis group -Poor mechanical advantage relative to movement production -Primarily Type I muscle fibers with high degree of muscle spindles --Optimal for providing proprioceptive information to CNS -Inter/intra-segmental stabilization Erector spinae -Provide intersegmental stabilization -Eccentrically decelerate trunk flexion and rotation Quadratus Lumborum -Frontal plane stabilizer -Works in conjunction with gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata Latissimus Dorsi -Bridge between upper extremity and core Abdominal Muscles -Rectus abdominus -External obliques -Internal obliques -Transverse abdominus -Work to optimize spinal mechanics -Provide sagittal, frontal and transverse plane stabilization
5.
-Rectus abdominus
-External obliques
-Internal obliques
-Transverse abdominus
-Work to optimize spinal mechanics
-Provide sagittal, frontal and transverse plane stabilization
Correct Answer
E. Abdominal Muscles
Explanation
Transversospinalis group -Poor mechanical advantage relative to movement production -Primarily Type I muscle fibers with high degree of muscle spindles --Optimal for providing proprioceptive information to CNS -Inter/intra-segmental stabilization Erector spinae -Provide intersegmental stabilization -Eccentrically decelerate trunk flexion and rotation Quadratus Lumborum -Frontal plane stabilizer -Works in conjunction with gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata Latissimus Dorsi -Bridge between upper extremity and core Abdominal Muscles -Rectus abdominus -External obliques -Internal obliques -Transverse abdominus -Work to optimize spinal mechanics -Provide sagittal, frontal and transverse plane stabilization
6.
-Closed chain vs. open chain functioning
-Works with erector spinae, and deep abdominal wall to balance anterior shear forces of lumbar spine
-Can reciprocally inhibit gluteus maximus, multifidus, deep erector spinae, internal oblique and transverse abdominus when tight
Correct Answer
A. Psoas
Explanation
Psoas -Closed chain vs. open chain functioning -Works with erector spinae, and deep abdominal wall to balance anterior shear forces of lumbar spine -Can reciprocally inhibit gluteus maximus, multifidus, deep erector spinae, internal oblique and transverse abdominus when tight Gluteus medius -Frontal plane stabilizer --Weakness increases frontal and transverse plane stresses (patellofemoral stress) -Controls femoral adduction and internal rotation -Weakness results in synergistic dominance of TFL and quadratus lumborum Gluteus maximus -Hip extension and external rotation -Eccentrically hip flexion and internal rotation -Decelerates tibial internal rotation with TFL -Stabilizes SI joint -Faulty firing results in decreased pelvic stability and neuromuscular control Hamstrings -Concentrically flex the knee, extend the hip and rotate the tibia -Eccentrically decelerate knee extension, hip flexion and tibial rotation -Work synergistically with the ACL to stabilize tibial translation All muscles produce and control forces in multiple planes
7.
-Frontal plane stabilizer
--Weakness increases frontal and transverse plane stresses (patellofemoral stress)
-Controls femoral adduction and internal rotation
-Weakness results in synergistic dominance of TFL and quadratus lumborum
Correct Answer
B. Gluteus medius
Explanation
Psoas
-Closed chain vs. open chain functioning
-Works with erector spinae, and deep abdominal wall to balance anterior shear forces of lumbar spine
-Can reciprocally inhibit gluteus maximus, multifidus, deep erector spinae, internal oblique and transverse abdominus when tight
Gluteus medius
-Frontal plane stabilizer
--Weakness increases frontal and transverse plane stresses (patellofemoral stress)
-Controls femoral adduction and internal rotation
-Weakness results in synergistic dominance of TFL and quadratus lumborum
Gluteus maximus
-Hip extension and external rotation
-Eccentrically hip flexion and internal rotation
-Decelerates tibial internal rotation with TFL
-Stabilizes SI joint
-Faulty firing results in decreased pelvic stability and neuromuscular control
Hamstrings
-Concentrically flex the knee, extend the hip and rotate the tibia
-Eccentrically decelerate knee extension, hip flexion and tibial rotation
-Work synergistically with the ACL to stabilize tibial translation
All muscles produce and control forces in multiple planes
8.
-Hip extension and external rotation
-Eccentrically hip flexion and internal rotation
-Decelerates tibial internal rotation with TFL
-Stabilizes SI joint
-Faulty firing results in decreased pelvic stability and neuromuscular control
Correct Answer
C. Gluteus maximus
Explanation
Psoas -Closed chain vs. open chain functioning -Works with erector spinae, and deep abdominal wall to balance anterior shear forces of lumbar spine -Can reciprocally inhibit gluteus maximus, multifidus, deep erector spinae, internal oblique and transverse abdominus when tight Gluteus medius -Frontal plane stabilizer --Weakness increases frontal and transverse plane stresses (patellofemoral stress) -Controls femoral adduction and internal rotation -Weakness results in synergistic dominance of TFL and quadratus lumborum Gluteus maximus -Hip extension and external rotation -Eccentrically hip flexion and internal rotation -Decelerates tibial internal rotation with TFL -Stabilizes SI joint -Faulty firing results in decreased pelvic stability and neuromuscular control Hamstrings -Concentrically flex the knee, extend the hip and rotate the tibia -Eccentrically decelerate knee extension, hip flexion and tibial rotation -Work synergistically with the ACL to stabilize tibial translation All muscles produce and control forces in multiple planes
9.
-Concentrically flex the knee, extend the hip and rotate the tibia
-Eccentrically decelerate knee extension, hip flexion and tibial rotation
-Work synergistically with the ACL to stabilize tibial translation
Correct Answer
D. Hamstrings
Explanation
Psoas
-Closed chain vs. open chain functioning
-Works with erector spinae, and deep abdominal wall to balance anterior shear forces of lumbar spine
-Can reciprocally inhibit gluteus maximus, multifidus, deep erector spinae, internal oblique and transverse abdominus when tight
Gluteus medius
-Frontal plane stabilizer
--Weakness increases frontal and transverse plane stresses (patellofemoral stress)
-Controls femoral adduction and internal rotation
-Weakness results in synergistic dominance of TFL and quadratus lumborum
Gluteus maximus
-Hip extension and external rotation
-Eccentrically hip flexion and internal rotation
-Decelerates tibial internal rotation with TFL
-Stabilizes SI joint
-Faulty firing results in decreased pelvic stability and neuromuscular control
Hamstrings
-Concentrically flex the knee, extend the hip and rotate the tibia
-Eccentrically decelerate knee extension, hip flexion and tibial rotation
-Work synergistically with the ACL to stabilize tibial translation
All muscles produce and control forces in multiple planes
10.
Serial distortion patterns
Correct Answer(s)
A. Structural integrity of body is compromised due to malalignment
B. Abnormal forces are distributed above and below misaligned segment
Explanation
Postural Considerations
-Core functions to maintain postural alignment and dynamic postural equilibrium
-Segmental deficit results in predictable dysfunction
--Serial distortion patterns
---Structural integrity of body is compromised due to malalignment
---Abnormal forces are distributed above and below misaligned segment
-Work to maintain alignment
11.
Endurance
Correct Answer(s)
A. Erector spinae performance
B. Athlete is prone with hands behind head and spine extended 30 degrees
C. Measure ability to sustain position with goniometer
D. Utilize axilla and table for frame of reference
E. Test performed for time
Explanation
Endurance
-Erector spinae performance
-Athlete is prone with hands behind head and spine extended 30 degrees
-Measure ability to sustain position with goniometer
--Utilize axilla and table for frame of reference
-Test performed for time
Power
-Backwards, overhead medicine ball jump and throw
-Assessment of total body power production
12.
Power
Correct Answer(s)
F. Backwards, overhead medicine ball jump and throw
G. Assessment of total body power production
Explanation
Endurance
-Erector spinae performance
-Athlete is prone with hands behind head and spine extended 30 degrees
-Measure ability to sustain position with goniometer
--Utilize axilla and table for frame of reference
-Test performed for time
Power
-Backwards, overhead medicine ball jump and throw
-Assessment of total body power production
13.
Program Requirements
Correct Answer(s)
A. Systematic
B. Progressive
C. Functional
Explanation
Program
-Systematic
-Progressive
-Functional