Chapter 10: Emotional And Social Development In Early Childhood
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
- 1.
As an alternative to harsh discipline, time out involves
- A.
Taking privileges away for a specified time period.
- B.
Removing children from the immediate setting until they are ready to act appropriately.
- C.
A period of time when parents and children do not talk to each other.
- D.
A period of unsupervised time when no rules are enforced.
Correct Answer
B. Removing children from the immediate setting until they are ready to act appropriately.Explanation
Time out is a disciplinary technique that involves removing children from the immediate setting until they are ready to act appropriately. This means that when a child misbehaves or breaks the rules, they are temporarily removed from the situation and placed in a designated area where they can calm down and reflect on their behavior. The purpose of time out is to teach children self-regulation and to give them an opportunity to think about their actions and make better choices in the future.Rate this question:
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- 2.
How can parents of fearless, impulsive children best foster conscience development?
- A.
By ensuring a secure attachment relationship and firmly correcting misbehavior
- B.
Through the use of requests, suggestions, and explanations
- C.
Through reward and punishment tactics
- D.
By threatening to withdraw parental love
Correct Answer
A. By ensuring a secure attachment relationship and firmly correcting misbehaviorExplanation
Parents of fearless, impulsive children can best foster conscience development by ensuring a secure attachment relationship and firmly correcting misbehavior. A secure attachment relationship provides a safe and nurturing environment for the child, allowing them to develop trust and empathy. Firmly correcting misbehavior helps the child understand the consequences of their actions and encourages them to develop a sense of right and wrong. This approach promotes the development of a strong conscience and helps the child internalize moral values.Rate this question:
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- 3.
How can parents and teachers reduce preschoolers' gender stereotyping?
- A.
By not using the pronouns "he" and "she"
- B.
By pointing out exceptions to stereotypes in the community
- C.
By organizing experiences into gender schemas
- D.
By discouraging cross-gender activities and behaviors
Correct Answer
B. By pointing out exceptions to stereotypes in the communityExplanation
Parents and teachers can reduce preschoolers' gender stereotyping by pointing out exceptions to stereotypes in the community. This means highlighting examples where individuals do not conform to traditional gender roles or expectations. By doing so, children are exposed to a broader range of possibilities and are encouraged to challenge stereotypes. This can help them develop more open-minded and inclusive attitudes towards gender.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Four- to 7-year-olds regard friendship as
- A.
Based on abstract qualities, like fairness.
- B.
Pleasurable play and sharing of toys.
- C.
Having enduring, long-term qualities.
- D.
Based on sharing thoughts and feelings.
Correct Answer
B. Pleasurable play and sharing of toys.Explanation
The correct answer is pleasurable play and sharing of toys. This is because children between the ages of four to seven see friendship as a fun and enjoyable experience where they can engage in play and share their toys with their friends. At this age, they may not yet fully understand abstract qualities like fairness or the concept of enduring, long-term qualities in friendships. Instead, they focus on the immediate pleasure and enjoyment they get from playing and sharing with their friends.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Between early and middle childhood, instrumental aggression __________ and hostile aggression __________.
- A.
Develops; dissipates
- B.
Increases; decreases
- C.
Increases; stays the same
- D.
Declines; rises
Correct Answer
D. Declines; risesExplanation
During early childhood, children tend to engage in more instrumental aggression, which is aggression used to achieve a specific goal or obtain an object. However, as they enter middle childhood, the use of instrumental aggression tends to decline. On the other hand, hostile aggression, which is aggression driven by anger or intended to harm others, tends to rise during this period.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Time spent watching violent TV programming in childhood and adolescence
- A.
Has no reliable relationship to later aggression.
- B.
Is related to later aggression for children with low IQs.
- C.
Predicts later aggression only for young children.
- D.
Predicts aggressive behavior in early adulthood.
Correct Answer
D. Predicts aggressive behavior in early adulthood.Explanation
The correct answer suggests that the time spent watching violent TV programming in childhood and adolescence is a predictor of aggressive behavior in early adulthood. This means that individuals who watch a significant amount of violent TV programming during their formative years are more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior as young adults. This finding implies that exposure to violent media at a young age can have long-term effects on an individual's behavior and may contribute to the development of aggression in adulthood.Rate this question:
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- 7.
To promote good social relations, most cultures teach children to
- A.
Hide their true feelings in most social interactions.
- B.
Listen and not speak until asked to do so.
- C.
Communicate positive feelings and inhibit unpleasant ones.
- D.
Communicate all of their feelings, both positive and negative.
Correct Answer
C. Communicate positive feelings and inhibit unpleasant ones.Explanation
Most cultures teach children to communicate positive feelings and inhibit unpleasant ones in order to promote good social relations. This is because expressing positive feelings helps to create a friendly and welcoming atmosphere, while inhibiting unpleasant ones prevents conflict and maintains harmony in social interactions. By encouraging children to communicate positive emotions and control negative ones, they learn to navigate social situations effectively and build stronger relationships with others.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A child with a strong sense of self is also likely to be
- A.
Insecure.
- B.
Modest.
- C.
Cooperative.
- D.
Inhibited.
Correct Answer
C. Cooperative.Explanation
A child with a strong sense of self is likely to be cooperative because they have a clear understanding of their own identity and value, which allows them to confidently engage with others and work together towards common goals. They are secure in themselves and do not feel the need to compete or dominate others, making them more inclined to collaborate and cooperate in various situations.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Parents are most likely to rely on punishment or physical restraint when they want
- A.
Accountability and an apology.
- B.
Lasting changes in behavior.
- C.
A strong emotional bond with their child.
- D.
Immediate compliance.
Correct Answer
D. Immediate compliance.Explanation
Parents are most likely to rely on punishment or physical restraint when they want immediate compliance from their child. This means that they expect their child to obey their instructions or requests immediately, without any delay or resistance. Punishment or physical restraint is often used as a means to enforce this immediate compliance, as it can be seen as a way to exert control and discipline over the child. This approach prioritizes the parent's desire for immediate obedience rather than focusing on long-term behavior change or building a strong emotional bond with the child.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Of the following, which statement is true regarding cross-cultural studies of children's peer sociability?
- A.
Parents in all cultures recognize the importance of structured daily play activities.
- B.
Unlike individualistic cultures, collectivist societies stress group harmony during play.
- C.
Children in collectivist societies spend more time in solitary play than children in individualistic societies.
- D.
Children engage in very similar play patterns in all cultures.
Correct Answer
B. Unlike individualistic cultures, collectivist societies stress group harmony during play.Explanation
Collectivist societies prioritize the well-being of the group over individual needs, and this extends to play activities as well. In these societies, children are encouraged to engage in play that promotes group harmony and cooperation. On the other hand, individualistic cultures tend to prioritize individual achievement and independence, which may result in a greater emphasis on individual play. Thus, the statement that collectivist societies stress group harmony during play is true in the context of cross-cultural studies of children's peer sociability.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Most preschoolers who spend time playing by themselves
- A.
Lack the necessary social skills to play with peers.
- B.
Lag behind in cognitive development.
- C.
Would prefer to play with another person.
- D.
Engage in positive and constructive solitary activities.
Correct Answer
D. Engage in positive and constructive solitary activities.Explanation
Preschoolers who engage in positive and constructive solitary activities are likely to have the necessary social skills to play with peers. This suggests that their independent playtime is beneficial for their development and helps them acquire the skills needed for social interaction.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Overall, preschoolers have
- A.
Difficulty connecting thinking to feelings.
- B.
A tendency to rely on adults to explain others' feelings.
- C.
Difficulty interpreting and responding to others' feelings.
- D.
An impressive ability to interpret, predict, and change others' feelings.
Correct Answer
D. An impressive ability to interpret, predict, and change others' feelings.Explanation
Preschoolers have an impressive ability to interpret, predict, and change others' feelings. This suggests that they are capable of understanding and empathizing with the emotions of those around them. They can accurately interpret the emotions of others, predict how certain actions or events may affect these emotions, and even have the power to influence or change these emotions. This ability highlights their growing emotional intelligence and social awareness, indicating that they are developing important skills for navigating social interactions and relationships.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Preschoolers' self-concepts are
- A.
Amorphous.
- B.
Abstract.
- C.
Concrete.
- D.
Ill-defined.
Correct Answer
C. Concrete.Explanation
Preschoolers' self-concepts are concrete. This means that their understanding of themselves is based on observable, tangible characteristics such as physical appearance, abilities, and preferences. They have a limited ability to think abstractly or understand complex concepts about themselves. Their self-concepts are not amorphous (lacking shape or definition), abstract (based on ideas rather than specific examples), or ill-defined (lacking clear boundaries or meaning).Rate this question:
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- 14.
The effect of parental influence on children's peer sociability shows that
- A.
Mothers' play has a greater effect on both sons' and daughters' competence than fathers' play.
- B.
Fathers' play has a greater effect on both sons' and daughters' competence than mothers' play.
- C.
Mothers' play is strongly linked to daughters' competence and fathers' play to sons' competence.
- D.
Mothers' play is strongly linked to sons' competence and fathers' play to daughters' competence.
Correct Answer
C. Mothers' play is strongly linked to daughters' competence and fathers' play to sons' competence.Explanation
The effect of parental influence on children's peer sociability suggests that mothers' play has a stronger impact on daughters' competence, while fathers' play has a stronger impact on sons' competence.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Three- and 4-year-olds typically judge __________ violations as more wrong than __________ violations.
- A.
Emotional; physical
- B.
School; home
- C.
Deliberate; moral
- D.
Moral; social-convention
Correct Answer
D. Moral; social-conventionExplanation
Three- and 4-year-olds typically judge moral violations as more wrong than social-convention violations. This means that young children have a basic understanding of right and wrong, and they prioritize moral rules over rules that are based on social conventions. They are more likely to view actions that harm others or violate moral principles as being more morally wrong compared to actions that go against social norms or conventions. This suggests that even at a young age, children have an innate sense of morality and are able to differentiate between different types of rule violations.Rate this question:
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- 16.
According to Erikson, once children have a sense of autonomy, they
- A.
Feel free to choose and make decisions for themselves.
- B.
Become more contrary than they were as toddlers.
- C.
Expect the world to be good and gratifying.
- D.
Gain a sense of purposefulness and are eager to tackle new tasks.
Correct Answer
D. Gain a sense of purposefulness and are eager to tackle new tasks.Explanation
According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, once children have a sense of autonomy, they gain a sense of purposefulness and are eager to tackle new tasks. This is because autonomy is the stage where children develop a sense of independence and control over their own actions. With this newfound sense of autonomy, children feel more confident in their abilities and are motivated to explore and take on new challenges. They develop a sense of purpose and are eager to engage in activities that help them grow and learn.Rate this question:
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- 17.
In early childhood, __________ serves as an important motivator of __________ behavior.
- A.
Personal distress; prosocial
- B.
Empathy; altruistic
- C.
Autonomy; independent
- D.
Self-esteem; altruistic
Correct Answer
B. Empathy; altruisticExplanation
Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. In early childhood, empathy serves as an important motivator of altruistic behavior. When children are able to empathize with others, they are more likely to engage in acts of kindness and help others without expecting anything in return. Altruistic behavior refers to selfless actions that benefit others. Therefore, empathy plays a crucial role in fostering altruism in early childhood.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Maccoby argues that girls prefer to play in pairs and boys prefer larger-group play because
- A.
Girls' social skills are limited, causing difficulty in maintaining multiple relationships.
- B.
Boys imitate group behavior modeled by men, and girls imitate group behavior modeled by women.
- C.
These behaviors are encouraged in preschool settings.
- D.
Sex hormones affect human play styles.
Correct Answer
D. Sex hormones affect human play styles.Explanation
Sex hormones affect human play styles. This explanation suggests that the preference for playing in pairs or larger groups is influenced by the levels of sex hormones in individuals. It implies that the different play preferences observed between girls and boys can be attributed to the hormonal differences between them. This explanation aligns with Maccoby's argument that biological factors, such as sex hormones, play a role in shaping play behaviors in children.Rate this question:
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- 19.
In a cross-cultural comparison of personal storytelling by Irish-American families in Chicago and Chinese families in Taiwan, Chinese parents more often told stories about
- A.
The child's misdeeds.
- B.
The child's academic accomplishments.
- C.
Family celebrations.
- D.
Relatives who live far away from the family.
Correct Answer
A. The child's misdeeds.Explanation
The correct answer is "the child's misdeeds." This is because the question states that in a cross-cultural comparison of personal storytelling, Chinese parents more often told stories about the child's misdeeds. This suggests that Chinese parents focus more on highlighting the misbehavior or mistakes of their children in their storytelling.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following may be responsible for preschoolers' difficulty grasping the permanence of sex?
- A.
Lack of social experience
- B.
In-group favoritism
- C.
Cognitive immaturity
- D.
Psychoanalytic misunderstanding
Correct Answer
C. Cognitive immaturityExplanation
Preschoolers' difficulty grasping the permanence of sex may be due to cognitive immaturity. At this age, children are still developing their cognitive abilities, including their understanding of abstract concepts. The concept of sex can be complex and abstract for young children to fully comprehend, leading to difficulty in understanding its permanence. This difficulty is not necessarily related to social experience, in-group favoritism, or psychoanalytic misunderstandings, but rather reflects the typical cognitive development of preschool-aged children.Rate this question:
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- 21.
At what age do children make gender-stereotyped game and toy choices?
- A.
By 4 years
- B.
After 5 years
- C.
Around 3 years
- D.
Before 2 years
Correct Answer
D. Before 2 yearsExplanation
Children start making gender-stereotyped game and toy choices before the age of 2. This means that even at a very young age, children begin to show preferences for toys and games that are typically associated with their gender. This early development of gender-stereotyped choices suggests that gender roles and stereotypes are learned and internalized at a very young age.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Parten's three-step sequence of peer sociability among 2- to 5-year-olds proceeds as
- A.
Associative play, nonsocial activity, and cooperative play.
- B.
Nonsocial activity, parallel play, and associative play.
- C.
Parallel play, cooperative play, and social activity.
- D.
Make-believe play, onlooker behavior, and solitary play.
Correct Answer
B. Nonsocial activity, parallel play, and associative play.Explanation
The correct answer is nonsocial activity, parallel play, and associative play. Parten's three-step sequence of peer sociability among 2- to 5-year-olds starts with nonsocial activity, where children play independently without any interaction with others. This is followed by parallel play, where children play alongside each other but without any real interaction or coordination. Finally, children engage in associative play, where they start to interact and share materials with each other, although they may not have a common goal or organized activity. This sequence reflects the progression of social skills and interaction among young children.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Maltreating parents
- A.
Often attribute their child's misdeeds to a bad disposition.
- B.
Often reach out to friends or family for help and support.
- C.
Fit into a common "abusive personality type."
- D.
Lacked discipline in their own childhoods.
Correct Answer
A. Often attribute their child's misdeeds to a bad disposition.Explanation
Maltreating parents often attribute their child's misdeeds to a bad disposition. This means that when their child behaves badly, they believe it is because their child has a naturally bad or problematic personality. This explanation suggests that the parents are not taking responsibility for their own actions or considering external factors that may be influencing their child's behavior. Instead, they are placing the blame solely on the child's inherent character, which can perpetuate a cycle of abuse and neglect.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Social learning theory focuses on __________, whereas cognitive-developmental theory emphasizes __________.
- A.
Cultural values; moral behavior
- B.
Reward and punishment; genetics
- C.
Peer relationships; environmental influences
- D.
Moral behavior; thinking and reasoning
Correct Answer
D. Moral behavior; thinking and reasoningExplanation
Social learning theory suggests that individuals learn through observation and imitation of others, including their behavior and attitudes. It emphasizes the role of social factors, such as cultural values, in shaping moral behavior. On the other hand, cognitive-developmental theory focuses on the development of thinking and reasoning abilities, which play a crucial role in moral decision-making. It emphasizes how individuals' cognitive processes, such as their ability to understand and evaluate moral dilemmas, influence their moral behavior. Therefore, the correct answer is "moral behavior; thinking and reasoning."Rate this question:
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- 25.
Children who have difficulty with peer relations
- A.
Often hold biased social expectations and misinterpret others' behavior.
- B.
Avoid spending time with other children because it is unpleasant.
- C.
Are often charming and socially skilled around adults.
- D.
Typically do not have any siblings.
Correct Answer
A. Often hold biased social expectations and misinterpret others' behavior.Explanation
Children who have difficulty with peer relations often hold biased social expectations and misinterpret others' behavior. This means that they may have preconceived notions about how others should behave and may misinterpret their actions based on these biases. This can lead to misunderstandings and difficulties in forming and maintaining friendships with their peers. It suggests that their difficulties with peer relations are not due to a lack of social skills or unpleasant experiences with other children, but rather a cognitive bias in their understanding of social interactions.Rate this question:
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Oct 13, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Nov 02, 2009Quiz Created by
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