Chapter 10.2 - Meiosis
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This is the Meiosis Lesson that covers Chapter 10, Section 2 beginning on page 263 in your book. Turn there and answer the questions below. You MUST get 100%. If you do not, re-take the lesson as many times as it takes to get 100%. This is NOT a test, but a lesson.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Review Vocabulary: The process in which a cell's nucleus divides, producing two new daughter cells with their own set of chromosomes is called ____.
Explanation
Mitosis is the correct answer because it is the process in which a cell's nucleus divides, resulting in the formation of two new daughter cells, each with its own set of chromosomes. During mitosis, the chromosomes are duplicated and then separated into two identical sets, ensuring that each daughter cell receives the same genetic information as the parent cell. This process is essential for growth, development, and the replacement of damaged or old cells in multicellular organisms.Rate this question:
- 2.
The body cells of animals and most plants, contain how many of each kind of chromosome?
Explanation
Each cell contains a pair of chromosomes. One from each parent.Rate this question:
- 3.
The term that means a cell has a pair of each chromosome ( 2 of each kind) is ______.
Explanation
The term "diploid" refers to a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes, with each chromosome having a corresponding pair. In other words, a diploid cell has two copies of each chromosome, one inherited from each parent. This is in contrast to a haploid cell, which only has one set of chromosomes. The term "diploid" is commonly used in genetics to describe the normal chromosome complement of most cells in an organism.Rate this question:
- 4.
Sex cells, (egg and sperm) are called gametes. According to your textbook, How many of each chromosome do gametes contain?
Explanation
Gametes, which are sex cells like eggs and sperm, contain only one copy of each chromosome. This is because during the process of meiosis, the number of chromosomes in the cell is halved, resulting in haploid gametes that contain only one set of chromosomes. This is in contrast to somatic cells, which are non-reproductive cells, and contain two sets of chromosomes (diploid). Therefore, gametes contain only one of each chromosome.Rate this question:
- 5.
The term given to cells that contain only one of each chromosome is called what?
Explanation
The term "haploid" refers to cells that contain only one set of chromosomes, which means they have one copy of each chromosome. In contrast, diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, with two copies of each chromosome. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is haploid.Rate this question:
- 6.
If an animal has 32 chromosomes in its body cells so that its diploid number is 32, what would be the haploid number of chromosomes in its sex cells?
Explanation
In a diploid organism, the number of chromosomes in its body cells is equal to its diploid number. The diploid number represents the total number of chromosomes in a cell, including both sets of chromosomes (one from each parent). In this case, the diploid number is 32. Haploid cells, on the other hand, have half the number of chromosomes as body cells. Therefore, the haploid number of chromosomes in the sex cells of this animal would be 16.Rate this question:
- 7.
If the gametes (sex cells) of an animal each have 16 chromosomes, then how many chromosomes will the fertilized egg have when the egg and sperm combine?
Explanation
When the gametes (sex cells) of an animal each have 16 chromosomes, the fertilized egg will have a total of 32 chromosomes when the egg and sperm combine. This is because during fertilization, the sperm and egg each contribute half of the chromosomes needed for a complete set. Therefore, when they combine, the resulting fertilized egg will have a total of 32 chromosomes, which is the sum of the 16 chromosomes from the sperm and the 16 chromosomes from the egg.Rate this question:
- 8.
You can see that in order to maintain the correct number of chromosomes in each cell, gametes (sex cells) need to have half the number of chromosomes as body cells. In order to do this when gametes are formed, they go through a special kind of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half. This type of of cell division is called _____.
Explanation
During meiosis, the cells undergo a special type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half. This is necessary to ensure that gametes, or sex cells, have the correct number of chromosomes. By halving the number of chromosomes, meiosis ensures that when two gametes combine during fertilization, the resulting zygote will have the correct number of chromosomes for the species. Meiosis involves two rounds of division, resulting in four genetically unique daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.Rate this question:
- 9.
During meiosis, one diploid cell will eventually form ____ (How many?) haploid gametes.
Explanation
During meiosis, a diploid cell undergoes two rounds of cell division, resulting in the formation of four haploid gametes. Each round of division separates the homologous chromosomes and then the sister chromatids, ultimately producing four genetically unique haploid cells. These gametes contain half the number of chromosomes as the original diploid cell and are involved in sexual reproduction. Therefore, the correct answer is 4 or four.Rate this question:
- 10.
During meiosis, gametes are formed. There are two kinds of gametes. Male gametes are called ______ and female gametes are called _____. (Type in the name of both games, male first.)
Explanation
During meiosis, the process of cell division that produces gametes, male gametes are called sperm and female gametes are called eggs. Sperm is the male reproductive cell that carries genetic information to fertilize the egg, while eggs are the female reproductive cells that contain genetic material and are capable of being fertilized by sperm.Rate this question:
- 11.
Check all boxes below next to the cells that have a haploid number of chromosomes.
- A.
Body cells
- B.
Sperm
- C.
Egg
Correct Answer(s)
B. Sperm
C. EggExplanation
Sperm and egg cells have a haploid number of chromosomes. Haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes, which is half the number of chromosomes found in body cells. Sperm and egg cells are reproductive cells involved in sexual reproduction. During fertilization, a sperm cell with a haploid number of chromosomes fuses with an egg cell with a haploid number of chromosomes, resulting in a diploid zygote with a complete set of chromosomes.Rate this question:
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- 12.
When a sperm fertilizes an egg, the resulting cell is called a _____.
Correct Answer(s)
zygoteExplanation
When a sperm fertilizes an egg, the resulting cell is called a zygote. This is because fertilization is the process of the sperm and egg combining their genetic material to form a new individual. The zygote is the first cell of this new individual and contains the complete set of chromosomes necessary for development. As the zygote divides and develops, it eventually forms an embryo and later a fetus.Rate this question:
- 13.
Check the cell types below that have a diploid number of chromosomes.
- A.
Sperm
- B.
Gametes
- C.
Zygote
- D.
Egg
- E.
Body cells
Correct Answer(s)
C. Zygote
E. Body cellsExplanation
The zygote and body cells have a diploid number of chromosomes. A diploid number refers to the number of chromosomes present in a cell, which is typically double the number of chromosomes found in gametes (sperm and egg). The zygote is formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg, and it contains a complete set of chromosomes from both parents. Body cells, also known as somatic cells, are any cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells, and they also contain a diploid number of chromosomes.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Zygotes develop into a multicellular organism by the process of _____.
Correct Answer(s)
mitosisExplanation
Zygotes, formed by the fusion of sperm and egg, undergo the process of mitosis to develop into a multicellular organism. Mitosis is a type of cell division where one cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This process allows for growth, repair, and development of new cells in the body. Therefore, mitosis is the correct answer as it accurately describes the process by which zygotes develop into multicellular organisms.Rate this question:
- 15.
The process of forming haploid gametes which then fuse together to form a diploid zygote which develops into a new adult organism is called _____ ______.
Correct Answer(s)
sexual reproductionExplanation
Sexual reproduction is the process of forming haploid gametes, such as sperm and eggs, which then fuse together through fertilization to form a diploid zygote. This zygote develops into a new adult organism with a unique combination of genetic traits from both parents. This process allows for genetic variation and diversity among offspring, as well as the potential for adaptation and evolution over time.Rate this question:
- 16.
All your body cells have two of each chromosome. In other words, they come in pairs. That is because your cells get one chromosome in each pair from your _____ and the other one from your ____.
Correct Answer(s)
father mother, mother fatherExplanation
The correct answer is father mother, mother father. This is because during sexual reproduction, an individual inherits one chromosome from each parent. The father contributes one set of chromosomes, and the mother contributes the other set. Therefore, all body cells have two of each chromosome, with one chromosome in each pair coming from the father and the other one from the mother.Rate this question:
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