Chapter 14: Principles Of Disease And Epidemiology

1. Epidemiology is the study of transmission, incidence and frequency of disease in order to identify cause, source and route of transmission.

True

False

Epidemiology is indeed the study of transmission, incidence, and frequency of disease. It aims to identify the cause, source, and route of transmission of diseases. Therefore, the statement "Epidemiology is the study of transmission, incidence, and frequency of disease in order to identify cause, source, and route of transmission" is true.

Explanation

Epidemiology is indeed the study of transmission, incidence, and frequency of disease. It aims to identify the cause, source, and route of transmission of diseases. Therefore, the statement "Epidemiology is the study of transmission, incidence, and frequency of disease in order to identify cause, source, and route of transmission" is true.

2. The presence of toxin in the blood is known as:

Bactermia

Viremia

Toxemia

Toxemia refers to the presence of toxins in the blood. It occurs when toxins are produced by bacteria or other microorganisms and enter the bloodstream, causing systemic effects. Bactermia refers specifically to the presence of bacteria in the blood, while viremia refers to the presence of viruses in the blood. Therefore, toxemia is the correct answer as it encompasses the broader concept of toxins in the bloodstream.

Explanation

Toxemia refers to the presence of toxins in the blood. It occurs when toxins are produced by bacteria or other microorganisms and enter the bloodstream, causing systemic effects. Bactermia refers specifically to the presence of bacteria in the blood, while viremia refers to the presence of viruses in the blood. Therefore, toxemia is the correct answer as it encompasses the broader concept of toxins in the bloodstream.

3. An infection that develops as a result of hospital stay: effects about 5%-15% of all hospitalized patients.

Viral infection

Nosocomial infection

Bacteriophage infection

Latent infection

A nosocomial infection is an infection that develops as a result of a hospital stay. It is estimated to affect about 5%-15% of all hospitalized patients. This type of infection is acquired in a healthcare setting, such as a hospital or clinic, and is not present or incubating at the time of admission. Nosocomial infections are typically caused by bacteria or other pathogens that are commonly found in healthcare environments. Preventive measures, such as proper hand hygiene and infection control protocols, are crucial in reducing the incidence of nosocomial infections.

Explanation

A nosocomial infection is an infection that develops as a result of a hospital stay. It is estimated to affect about 5%-15% of all hospitalized patients. This type of infection is acquired in a healthcare setting, such as a hospital or clinic, and is not present or incubating at the time of admission. Nosocomial infections are typically caused by bacteria or other pathogens that are commonly found in healthcare environments. Preventive measures, such as proper hand hygiene and infection control protocols, are crucial in reducing the incidence of nosocomial infections.

4. Biological transmission (the more complex version of transmission) is where the pathogen uses the vector in or order to complete part of its life cycle. Which vector description did we use in class?

Mosquito

Bee

Snake

Tic

We briefly talked about malaria and how the pathogen actually use the mosquito and chills there..THEN when the mosquito bites someone it is transferred. I hate mosquitos...

Explanation

We briefly talked about malaria and how the pathogen actually use the mosquito and chills there..THEN when the mosquito bites someone it is transferred. I hate mosquitos...

5. The transmission of disease via fomate( non-living object involved in transmission) e.g, cups, tissues, eating utensils is known as:

Droplet transmission

Indirect contact

Direct contact

Direct contact is obviously from person to person. Droplet transmission is the spread of microbes via droplet nuclei over short distances, such as sneezing, laughing, coughing, talking.

Explanation

Direct contact is obviously from person to person. Droplet transmission is the spread of microbes via droplet nuclei over short distances, such as sneezing, laughing, coughing, talking.

6. Pathogen from pure culture must NOT cause disease when inoculated into healthy animal while using Kochs postulates.

True

False

In order to determine what the disease is, it must be spread to classify and determine what the bacteria is.

Explanation

In order to determine what the disease is, it must be spread to classify and determine what the bacteria is.

7. A syndrome is a group of symptoms that go with a particular disease.

True

False

A syndrome is indeed a group of symptoms that are typically associated with a specific disease. These symptoms often occur together and can help doctors in diagnosing and treating the underlying condition. By recognizing the pattern of symptoms, medical professionals can narrow down the potential causes and provide appropriate care. Therefore, the statement "A syndrome is a group of symptoms that go with a particular disease" is true.

Explanation

A syndrome is indeed a group of symptoms that are typically associated with a specific disease. These symptoms often occur together and can help doctors in diagnosing and treating the underlying condition. By recognizing the pattern of symptoms, medical professionals can narrow down the potential causes and provide appropriate care. Therefore, the statement "A syndrome is a group of symptoms that go with a particular disease" is true.

8. When pertaining to nosocomial infections, opportunistic, drug resistant gram(-) bacteria are the most frequent.

True

False

The statement is true because when it comes to nosocomial infections (infections acquired in a healthcare setting), opportunistic gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to drugs are the most common. These bacteria are able to take advantage of weakened immune systems and the widespread use of antibiotics in hospitals, making them more likely to cause infections in healthcare settings.

Explanation

The statement is true because when it comes to nosocomial infections (infections acquired in a healthcare setting), opportunistic gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to drugs are the most common. These bacteria are able to take advantage of weakened immune systems and the widespread use of antibiotics in hospitals, making them more likely to cause infections in healthcare settings.

9. List the way(s) disease are spread..

Communicable

Contagious

Non-communicable

All of the above

The correct answer is "all of the above" because diseases can be spread through various ways. Communicable diseases are those that can be transmitted from one person to another through direct or indirect contact. Contagious diseases are a type of communicable disease that spreads easily from person to person. On the other hand, non-communicable diseases are not spread from person to person but can still be caused by various factors such as genetics, lifestyle choices, or environmental factors. Therefore, all three categories mentioned in the options can be ways in which diseases are spread.

Explanation

The correct answer is "all of the above" because diseases can be spread through various ways. Communicable diseases are those that can be transmitted from one person to another through direct or indirect contact. Contagious diseases are a type of communicable disease that spreads easily from person to person. On the other hand, non-communicable diseases are not spread from person to person but can still be caused by various factors such as genetics, lifestyle choices, or environmental factors. Therefore, all three categories mentioned in the options can be ways in which diseases are spread.

10. Phenomenon in which normal flora inhibits growth of potential pathogens by competing for nutrients or oxygen, preventing attachment, production of antimicrobial substances, ect.

Microbial antagonism

Microbial commensalism

Microbial protagonism

Commensalism is also on the review sheet..but im not 100% sure what it is..so i guess we'll ask her sometime.

Explanation

Commensalism is also on the review sheet..but im not 100% sure what it is..so i guess we'll ask her sometime.

11. A good example of fomites are:

Spoon

Catheters

Syringes

Both b and c

A spoon is a good example for a "fomate." Which would be spread indirectly. Catheters and syringes are a key factor in the chain or transmission in hospitals; nosocomial infections.

Explanation

A spoon is a good example for a "fomate." Which would be spread indirectly. Catheters and syringes are a key factor in the chain or transmission in hospitals; nosocomial infections.

12. Epidemiology also means the criteria for establishing that specific microbes cause specific diseases.

True

False

Epidemiology is just the study of transmission, incidence and frequency. Kochs postulates actually establish what the microbe is.

Explanation

Epidemiology is just the study of transmission, incidence and frequency. Kochs postulates actually establish what the microbe is.