Chapter 2 Exercise Physiology

2.

Which ¡olecule for¡s the b"sic unit of c"rbohydr"tes?

Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides
Macronutrients

Correct Answer

A. Monosaccharides

Explanation

Monosaccharides are the basic units of carbohydrates. They are the simplest form of carbohydrates and cannot be further hydrolyzed into smaller units. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Disaccharides, on the other hand, are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharide units, while polysaccharides are formed by the condensation of many monosaccharide units. Macronutrients, on the other hand, refer to the essential nutrients needed in large amounts by the body, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Therefore, the correct answer is monosaccharides.

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3.

For physically active people what percentage of their diet should consist of carbohydrates?

20%
35%
60%
90%

Correct Answer

A. 60%

Explanation

Physically active people require a higher percentage of carbohydrates in their diet because carbs are the body's primary source of energy. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which fuels muscles during exercise. Additionally, carbs help replenish glycogen stores in the muscles, aiding in recovery and preventing fatigue. Therefore, a diet consisting of 60% carbohydrates is recommended for physically active individuals to support their energy needs and optimize performance.

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4.

The synthesis from structural components of noncarbohydrate nutrients is called what?

Glucogenesis
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogen
Glucogenolysis

Correct Answer

A. Gluconeogenesis

Explanation

Gluconeogenesis is the process by which the body synthesizes glucose from noncarbohydrate nutrients, such as amino acids and glycerol. It occurs mainly in the liver and kidneys and is essential for maintaining blood glucose levels during periods of fasting or low carbohydrate intake. This process helps to provide a steady supply of glucose to the brain and other tissues that rely on glucose as a primary energy source. Glycogen is a storage form of glucose in the body, while glucogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. Glucogenesis is not a term used to describe the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate nutrients.

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5.

All living cells cont"in:

Protein
Nitrogen
Sodium
Carbohydrates

Correct Answer

A. Carbohydrates

Explanation

Living cells contain various molecules and compounds that are essential for their functioning. Among these, carbohydrates play a crucial role. Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They are a major source of energy for cells and are involved in various cellular processes. Carbohydrates are used for energy production, storage, and structural support in cells. They are also involved in cell signaling and recognition. Therefore, it is accurate to say that living cells contain carbohydrates.

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6.

What is a major source of carbohydrate energy for active muscles during exercise?

Liver glycogen
Muscle glycogen
Glucose
Glucagon

Correct Answer

A. Muscle glycogen

Explanation

Muscle glycogen is a major source of carbohydrate energy for active muscles during exercise. Glycogen is a storage form of glucose that is stored in the muscles and liver. During exercise, the muscles use glycogen as a fuel source to provide energy for muscle contractions. As the muscles contract, glycogen is broken down into glucose, which is then used for energy production. Muscle glycogen is particularly important for high-intensity exercise or prolonged endurance activities, as it can be rapidly accessed and utilized by the muscles.

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Chapter 2 Exercise Physiology

What is it called when blood sugar decreases below normal?

Quiz Preview

Which ¡olecule for¡s the b"sic unit of c"rbohydr"tes?

For physically active people what percentage of their diet should consist of carbohydrates?

The synthesis from structural components of noncarbohydrate nutrients is called what?

All living cells cont"in:

What is a major source of carbohydrate energy for active muscles during exercise?