Chapter 2: Second Half : Matter, Matter And Energy, Properties Of Matter
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To test knowledge of Matter, Holt Science Spectrum, Physical Science
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following are examples of matter?
- A.
A beach towel
- B.
Sunglasses
- C.
Water
- D.
An inflated beach ball
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
C. WaterExplanation
Water is an example of matter because it has mass and takes up space. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space, and water fits this definition. It has a specific volume and can be measured, indicating that it occupies space. Additionally, water has mass, which can be determined by weighing it. Therefore, water is a clear example of matter.Rate this question:
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- 2.
If you wanted to determine the mass and volume of the fluid in a glass, which of the followign sets of devices would you need?
- A.
Graduated cylinder and balance
- B.
Meterstick and thermometer
- C.
Stopwatch and meterstick
- D.
Speedometer and tape measure
Correct Answer
A. Graduated cylinder and balanceExplanation
To determine the mass and volume of a fluid in a glass, a graduated cylinder is needed to measure the volume of the fluid accurately. A balance is required to measure the mass of the fluid. By using a graduated cylinder to measure the volume and a balance to measure the mass, one can calculate the density of the fluid.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following describes the measurement of how much air is moved through an air-conditioning unit?
- A.
Density
- B.
Volume
- C.
Length
- D.
Temperature
Correct Answer
B. VolumeExplanation
Volume is the correct answer because it refers to the measurement of how much air is moved through an air-conditioning unit. Volume is a measure of the amount of space occupied by a substance, in this case, the amount of air being moved. This measurement is important in air-conditioning units as it determines the amount of air being circulated and the effectiveness of the cooling or heating process. Density, length, and temperature are not directly related to the measurement of how much air is moved through the unit.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following units could be used to measure the length of a mineral sample?
- A.
Degrees Celsius
- B.
Milliliters
- C.
Kilograms
- D.
Centimeters
Correct Answer
D. CentimetersExplanation
Centimeters could be used to measure the length of a mineral sample because centimeters are a unit of length. Degrees Celsius measures temperature, milliliters measures volume, and kilograms measures weight. Therefore, the correct unit to measure the length of a mineral sample is centimeters.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The study of matter and its changes is ______________.
Correct Answer
chemistryExplanation
The study of matter and its changes refers to the field of chemistry. Chemistry is a branch of science that explores the properties, composition, structure, and reactions of substances. It focuses on understanding the behavior of matter and how it interacts with energy. By studying chemistry, scientists can uncover the fundamental principles that govern the physical and chemical properties of all substances, leading to advancements in various fields such as medicine, materials science, and environmental science.Rate this question:
- 6.
A bowl of water is set beside a sunny window. After a few hours, the bowl is empty. Which of the following is not a testable hypothesis that could explain what happened?
- A.
The water is now spread out in the air
- B.
The bowl has a leak
- C.
The water magically disappeared into another dimension
- D.
The water soaked into the bowl
Correct Answer
C. The water magically disappeared into another dimensionExplanation
The hypothesis that the water magically disappeared into another dimension is not testable because it involves a supernatural explanation that cannot be proven or disproven through scientific methods.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Convert each of the following measurements to scientic notation.a) .005 gb) 670 Lc) 23 400 sd) .000 89 me) 320 degrees C
- 8.
Classify the following as a homogeneous, O, or a heterogeneous e, mixture.a. airb. a pail of sand and waterc. human bloodd. chocolate syrupe. sea waterf. a banana split
- 9.
Compare and contrast "atoms" and "molecule."
- 10.
Explain the difference between a homogeneous mixture and a pure substance.
- 11.
Classify each of the following as an element or a compound.a) benzene, C6H6b) titanium, Tic) zinc, Znd) aspirin, C9H8O4e) aluminum, ALf) acetylene, C2H2
- 12.
Explain why elements and compounds are pure substances
- 13.
Determine which of the following are pure substances and which are mixtures.a) isopropyl alcohol, C3H8Ob) an egg yolkc) honeyd) salt watere) mercury, Hgf) ammonia, NH3
- 14.
Identify each of the following as a gas, liquid or solida. The particles are in a constant state of motion and rarely stick together.b. the particles are locked in fixed positions.c. the particles are closely packed together, but they can still slide pst each other
- 15.
Select the best answere that completes each sentence- describing the energy transfers taking place as water changes state from solid to liquid, from liquid to gas, and from gas back to liquid.a. Energy must be _________ to separate the water molecules as ice melts.
- A.
Added
- B.
Released
Correct Answer
A. AddedExplanation
When water changes state from solid to liquid, it is melting. In this process, energy needs to be added to the water molecules in order to separate them and break the bonds holding them together. This added energy allows the water molecules to move more freely and transition from a solid state to a liquid state.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Select the best answere that completes each sentence- describing the energy transfers taking place as water changes state from solid to liquid, from liquid to gas, and from gas back to liquid.The ___________moving molecules break away from the surface of liquid water to form water vapor.
- A.
Slowest
- B.
Fastest
Correct Answer
B. FastestExplanation
As water changes state from liquid to gas, the process is known as evaporation. During evaporation, the fastest moving molecules break away from the surface of liquid water and form water vapor. This occurs because the fastest moving molecules have enough energy to overcome the attractive forces between water molecules and escape into the gas phase.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Select the best answere that completes each sentence- describing the energy transfers taking place as water changes state from solid to liquid, from liquid to gas, and from gas back to liquid.The process described in the "previous" question is called ______________.
- A.
Condensation
- B.
Vaporization/evaporation
Correct Answer
B. Vaporization/evaporationExplanation
The process described in the previous question is called vaporization/evaporation. This term refers to the change of state from liquid to gas, as well as the reverse process of condensation. During vaporization/evaporation, energy is transferred from the surroundings to the water molecules, causing them to gain enough energy to break the intermolecular forces and transition from a liquid to a gaseous state. Conversely, during condensation, energy is transferred from the gas molecules to the surroundings, causing them to lose energy and transition from a gaseous to a liquid state.Rate this question:
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- 18.
During the proces of vaporization/evaporation, energy is ______________
- A.
Released
- B.
Absorbed
Correct Answer
B. AbsorbedExplanation
During the process of vaporization/evaporation, energy is absorbed. This is because when a substance undergoes vaporization, the molecules gain energy from the surroundings, usually in the form of heat. This added energy allows the molecules to overcome the intermolecular forces holding them together, causing them to transition from a liquid to a gaseous state. Therefore, the process of vaporization requires the absorption of energy.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Water molecules speed up ________________as water vapor returns to the liquid water state.
- A.
Slow down
- B.
Speed up
Correct Answer
A. Slow downExplanation
As water vapor returns to the liquid water state, water molecules slow down. This is because as water vapor cools and condenses, the molecules lose energy and their movement becomes slower. The transition from a gas to a liquid involves a decrease in molecular motion, causing the water molecules to slow down.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The process described in the "previous question" is called _______________.
- A.
Evaporation
- B.
Condensation
Correct Answer
B. CondensationExplanation
The process described in the "previous question" is called condensation. Condensation refers to the transformation of a gas or vapor into a liquid state. It occurs when the temperature of the gas or vapor decreases, causing the molecules to come closer together and form liquid droplets. This process is commonly observed when warm, moist air comes into contact with a cold surface, such as when water vapor in the air condenses on a cold windowpane.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Energy is ___________________during the process of condensation.
- A.
Absorbed
- B.
Released
Correct Answer
B. ReleasedExplanation
During the process of condensation, energy is released. When a gas or vapor cools down and turns into a liquid, it releases heat energy. This is because the particles in the gas or vapor lose energy and slow down, causing them to come closer together and form a liquid. The released energy is usually in the form of heat, which is why condensation often feels warm.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Apply the kinetic theory to describe the motion of particles in a homogeneous mixture of sugar and water as it is boiled.
- 23.
Identify the substance with the greatest viscosity (the resistance of a fluid to flow).
- A.
Vinegar
- B.
Molasses
- C.
Cooking oil
- D.
Water
Correct Answer
B. MolassesExplanation
Molasses has the greatest viscosity among the given substances. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, and molasses is a thick and sticky liquid. It has a higher viscosity compared to vinegar, cooking oil, and water, which are more fluid and less resistant to flow.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Explain how mass and energy are conserved when water evaporates.
- 25.
Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical property of sulfur.a. It reacts with hydrogen to form a gasb. Its density is 2.97 g/cm3c. Its melting point is 112 degrees Cd. It combines with oxygene. It is a yellow solid
Correct Answer
a. chemical b. physical c. physical d. chemical e. physicalExplanation
a. It reacts with hydrogen to form a gas - This is a chemical property of sulfur because it involves a chemical reaction between sulfur and hydrogen to produce a new substance, gas.
b. Its density is 2.97 g/cm3 - This is a physical property of sulfur because it describes a characteristic of sulfur that can be measured without changing its chemical composition.
c. Its melting point is 112 degrees C - This is a physical property of sulfur because it describes the temperature at which sulfur changes from a solid to a liquid, without any chemical reaction taking place.
d. It combines with oxygen - This is a chemical property of sulfur because it involves a chemical reaction between sulfur and oxygen to form a new substance.
e. It is a yellow solid - This is a physical property of sulfur because it describes its appearance and state at room temperature, without any chemical reaction taking place.Rate this question:
- 26.
Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical property of phosphorus.a. It is a white, waxy solid.b. It burns in air.c. Its melting pint is 44.1 degress Cd. It has a density of 1.82 g/cm3e. Its boiling point is 280.3 degrees C
Correct Answer
a. physical b. chemical c. physical d. physical e. physicalExplanation
The given answer is correct.
a. It is a white, waxy solid - This is a physical property because it describes the appearance and state of phosphorus.
b. It burns in air - This is a chemical property because it describes the ability of phosphorus to undergo a chemical reaction.
c. Its melting point is 44.1 degrees C - This is a physical property because it describes the temperature at which phosphorus changes from a solid to a liquid.
d. It has a density of 1.82 g/cm3 - This is a physical property because it describes the mass per unit volume of phosphorus.
e. Its boiling point is 280.3 degrees C - This is a physical property because it describes the temperature at which phosphorus changes from a liquid to a gas.Rate this question:
- 27.
Categorize each of the following examples as a chemical or physical change.a. bending a metal rodb. cookingc. burning propaned. burning woode. painting woodf. breaking glass
Correct Answer
a. physical b. chemical c. chemical d. chemical e. physical f. physicalExplanation
a. Bending a metal rod is a physical change because it does not alter the chemical composition of the metal.
b. Cooking involves chemical changes as the heat causes chemical reactions in the food.
c. Burning propane is a chemical change as it undergoes combustion to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor.
d. Burning wood is also a chemical change as it undergoes combustion to produce carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ash.
e. Painting wood is a physical change as it does not alter the chemical composition of the wood, only its appearance.
f. Breaking glass is a physical change as it does not alter the chemical composition of the glass, only its physical shape.Rate this question:
- 28.
Calculate the mass of a sample of pure silver (density = 10.49 g/cm3) that has a volume of 12.99 cm3
- 29.
Explain how mass and energy are conserved when food is digested.
- 30.
What is the resistance of a fluid to flow?
Correct Answer
ViscosityExplanation
Viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It describes the internal friction of a fluid as it flows, and determines how easily the fluid can be deformed or moved. A fluid with high viscosity, such as honey, has a high resistance to flow and flows slowly, while a fluid with low viscosity, such as water, has a low resistance to flow and flows more easily. Therefore, viscosity is the correct answer to the question about the resistance of a fluid to flow.Rate this question:
- 31.
What is the ability to change or move matter?
Correct Answer
EnergyExplanation
Energy is the ability to change or move matter. It can be transformed from one form to another, such as potential energy to kinetic energy. Energy is required to perform work or cause a change in an object's state. It exists in various forms, including thermal, electrical, chemical, and mechanical energy. The ability of energy to change or move matter is evident in everyday life, from the movement of vehicles to the heating of water.Rate this question:
- 32.
What is the ability of a substance to combine chemicall with another substance?
Correct Answer
ReactivityExplanation
Reactivity refers to the ability of a substance to chemically combine with another substance. It describes how likely a substance is to undergo a chemical reaction when it comes into contact with another substance. A highly reactive substance readily reacts and forms new compounds, while a less reactive substance may require specific conditions or stimuli to undergo a chemical reaction. Therefore, reactivity is a measure of the chemical activity of a substance and its propensity to form new chemical bonds.Rate this question:
- 33.
Compare and contrast elements and compounds.
- 34.
Creative Thinking: What are some accurate methods you could use to determine the identify of a sample of a white solid?
- 35.
Distillation is a method that depends on differences in the boiling points of liquids to separte the componets of a liquid mixture. Explain why you would separate a homogeneous mixture of two miscible liquids in this way but not a mixture o two immiscible liquids.
- 36.
Creative Thinking: Use the kinetic theory of matter to describe why the fragrance of a bar of soap is more apparent to you on a warm day than is on a cool day/
- 37.
Are there changes in the physical and chemical propertis of a substance when it undergoes a physical change? Is the same true for chemical changes? Explain.
- 38.
What is the density of a substance that has a mass of 31 g and a volume of 68 cm3?
- A.
.45 g/cm3
- B.
.46 cm3
- C.
.45 cm3
- D.
.46 g/cm3
Correct Answer
D. .46 g/cm3Explanation
The density of a substance is calculated by dividing the mass of the substance by its volume. In this case, the mass is given as 31 g and the volume is given as 68 cm3. By dividing 31 g by 68 cm3, we get a value of approximately 0.455 g/cm3. Rounding this to the nearest hundredth gives us 0.46 g/cm3, which matches the given answer of .46 g/cm3.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Determine how many grams of tin would be required to fill a 5.52 L container. The density of tin is 7.265 g/cm3 (Hint: 1 cm3 = 1 mL)
- A.
40.10
- B.
40.20
- C.
40.21
- D.
40.60
Correct Answer
A. 40.10Explanation
To determine the number of grams of tin required to fill a 5.52 L container, we need to use the density of tin. The density of tin is given as 7.265 g/cm3. Since 1 cm3 is equal to 1 mL, we can convert the volume of the container from L to cm3 by multiplying it by 1000. Therefore, the volume of the container is 5520 cm3. To calculate the mass of tin, we multiply the volume by the density: 5520 cm3 * 7.265 g/cm3 = 40099.8 g. Rounding this to the nearest tenth gives us 40.10 g, which is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 40.
What is the volume of a container needed to hold 25.3 kg of water?
- A.
26.3
- B.
25.3
- C.
24.3
- D.
85.2
Correct Answer
B. 25.3Explanation
The correct answer is 25.3 because the question asks for the volume of a container needed to hold 25.3 kg of water. The volume of a container needed to hold a certain amount of water is directly proportional to the weight of the water. Therefore, if the weight of the water is 25.3 kg, then the volume of the container needed would also be 25.3.Rate this question:
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