Chapter 2 Test - Biology
(111).jpg "Chapter 2 Test - Biology - Quiz")
Click on the best answer for the multiple choice. Choose two essay questions and answer in complete sentences, paragraph format. Answer the third for extra credit. You will have 45 minutes to complete the test. good luck!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The negatively charged particle in an atom is called the
- A.
Proton.
- B.
Neutron
- C.
Electron
- D.
Positron
Correct Answer
C. ElectronExplanation
The negatively charged particle in an atom is called the electron. Protons are positively charged particles, neutrons are neutral particles, and positrons are positively charged antiparticles. Electrons orbit around the nucleus of an atom and are responsible for the chemical behavior of the atom. They are much smaller and lighter than protons and neutrons, and their movement determines the electrical conductivity and other properties of the atom.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Two or more atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called
- A.
Elements.
- B.
Compounds.
- C.
Molecules.
- D.
Isotopes.
Correct Answer
D. Isotopes.Explanation
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This means that isotopes have the same atomic number (which is determined by the number of protons) but different mass numbers (which is determined by the total number of protons and neutrons). Isotopes can have slightly different physical properties due to their different mass numbers, but they still belong to the same element because they have the same number of protons.Rate this question:
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- 3.
An ionic bond is formed by
- A.
The sharing of electrons.
- B.
The transferring of electrons.
- C.
The sharing of protons.
- D.
The transferring of protons.
Correct Answer
B. The transferring of electrons.Explanation
An ionic bond is formed by the transferring of electrons. In an ionic bond, one atom donates electrons to another atom, resulting in the formation of positively charged ions (cation) and negatively charged ions (anion). These oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other and form a strong bond. The transfer of electrons allows both atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration, similar to that of noble gases. This type of bonding is commonly observed between metals and non-metals.Rate this question:
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- 4.
A covalent bond is formed by
- A.
The sharing of electrons.
- B.
The transferring of electrons.
- C.
The sharing of neutrons.
- D.
The transferring of neutrons.
Correct Answer
A. The sharing of electrons.Explanation
A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms. In a covalent bond, the atoms involved share one or more pairs of electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration. This sharing of electrons allows both atoms to fill their outermost energy levels and achieve a more stable state. The transferring of electrons or neutrons is not involved in the formation of a covalent bond.Rate this question:
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- 5.
True or False: a molecule is made of only ionic bonds.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement "a molecule is made of only ionic bonds" is false. A molecule can be made up of different types of bonds, including covalent, polar covalent, and metallic bonds. Ionic bonds occur between atoms with significantly different electronegativities, resulting in the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. Therefore, molecules can have a combination of different types of bonds, not just ionic bonds.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A radioactive isotope has
- A.
An unstable nucleus.
- B.
An unstable electron.
- C.
An unstable personality.
- D.
A stable electron cloud.
Correct Answer
A. An unstable nucleus.Explanation
A radioactive isotope is characterized by having an unstable nucleus, meaning that the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is not balanced. This instability causes the isotope to undergo radioactive decay, where it emits radiation in the form of particles or energy in order to achieve a more stable state. The instability of the nucleus is what distinguishes radioactive isotopes from stable ones, which have a balanced and stable nucleus. An unstable electron, unstable personality, or stable electron cloud do not accurately describe the characteristics of a radioactive isotope.Rate this question:
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- 7.
In an element all of the atoms are
- A.
The same type.
- B.
Of different types.
- C.
Mixed in a pot like a stew.
- D.
Organized by size.
Correct Answer
A. The same type.Explanation
In an element, all of the atoms are of the same type. This means that they have the same number of protons in their nucleus, which determines their atomic number and defines the element. Each element on the periodic table is made up of atoms that have the same number of protons, giving them unique properties and characteristics. Therefore, the correct answer is that all atoms in an element are of the same type.Rate this question:
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- 8.
An isotope has different numbers of ___________ and the same numbers of ___________.
- A.
Protons, electrons
- B.
Electrons, protons
- C.
Neutrons, protons
- D.
Protons, neutrons
Correct Answer
C. Neutrons, protonsExplanation
An isotope is a variant of an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. This means that isotopes have the same number of protons (which determines the element's identity) and different numbers of neutrons. The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons, so it remains the same in isotopes.Rate this question:
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- 9.
In a suspension, the particles are
- A.
Evenly distributed throughout the mixture.
- B.
Often unable to completely mix and will drift to the bottom of the container.
- C.
Lumped into one corner of the container, but are invisible.
- D.
Able to change shape to look like solvent particles.
Correct Answer
B. Often unable to completely mix and will drift to the bottom of the container.Explanation
In a suspension, the particles are often unable to completely mix and will drift to the bottom of the container. This is because suspensions consist of larger particles that are not soluble in the solvent. Due to their size and weight, these particles settle down over time, causing them to separate from the mixture and accumulate at the bottom. This characteristic of suspensions is commonly observed in various mixtures such as muddy water or sand in water.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The beading of water is due to
- A.
Adhesion.
- B.
Specific heat.
- C.
Cohesion.
- D.
Boiling point.
Correct Answer
C. Cohesion.Explanation
The beading of water is due to cohesion. Cohesion is the attractive force between molecules of the same substance, in this case, water molecules. This force causes water molecules to stick together, forming droplets. The cohesive forces are stronger than the adhesive forces between water and other surfaces, which is why water tends to bead up rather than spread out.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What phenomenom explains water's high cohesion, adhesion, and heat capacity?
- A.
Biological processes
- B.
Proteins
- C.
Sugar
- D.
Hydrogen bonding
Correct Answer
D. Hydrogen bondingExplanation
Hydrogen bonding is the phenomenon that explains water's high cohesion, adhesion, and heat capacity. Cohesion refers to the attraction between water molecules, which is due to the hydrogen bonds formed between them. Adhesion refers to the attraction between water molecules and other substances, which is also facilitated by hydrogen bonding. Additionally, hydrogen bonding allows water to have a high heat capacity, meaning it can absorb and retain a large amount of heat without a significant increase in temperature. This is because the energy is used to break the hydrogen bonds rather than increasing the kinetic energy of the water molecules.Rate this question:
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- 12.
In a container full of water molecules, hydrogens are attracted to the _________ of other water molecules.
- A.
Hydrogens
- B.
Protons
- C.
Oxygens
- D.
Positive attitude
Correct Answer
C. OxygensExplanation
Water molecules are composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. In a container full of water molecules, the hydrogens are attracted to the oxygen atoms of other water molecules. This attraction is due to the difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and oxygen, which creates a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. This polarity allows for hydrogen bonding to occur, with the positive hydrogen being attracted to the negative oxygen.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The pH scale depends upon the _____________ concentration of a solution.
- A.
Hydroxide ion
- B.
Water ion
- C.
Electron
- D.
Hydrogen ion
Correct Answer
D. Hydrogen ionExplanation
The pH scale depends upon the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. The pH scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, with a pH of 7 being neutral. The concentration of hydrogen ions determines whether a solution is acidic (higher concentration of hydrogen ions) or alkaline (lower concentration of hydrogen ions). Therefore, the correct answer is hydrogen ion.Rate this question:
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- 14.
______________ produces hydroxide ions in a solution.
- A.
Acids
- B.
Bases
- C.
Anxiety
- D.
Salts
Correct Answer
B. BasesExplanation
Bases produce hydroxide ions in a solution. When a base is dissolved in water, it dissociates to release hydroxide ions (OH-) which can react with hydrogen ions (H+) from an acid to form water. This reaction is known as neutralization. Bases have a pH greater than 7 and can be identified by their bitter taste and slippery feel. Examples of bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonia (NH3).Rate this question:
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- 15.
In order to stabilize the pH of a solution, a scientist can use a weak acid or base as a
- A.
Polymer.
- B.
Monomer.
- C.
Buffer.
- D.
Salt.
Correct Answer
C. Buffer.Explanation
A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. It consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid) that can react with any added acid or base to maintain the pH within a certain range. Therefore, using a buffer is an effective way for a scientist to stabilize the pH of a solution.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The monomer of a starch (complex carbohydrate) is
- A.
Glucose.
- B.
Amino acid.
- C.
Glycerol.
- D.
Nucleic acid.
Correct Answer
A. Glucose.Explanation
Starch is a complex carbohydrate, which means it is made up of many repeating units called monomers. The monomer of starch is glucose. Glucose is a simple sugar that is commonly found in many foods and is an important source of energy for the body. When multiple glucose molecules join together through chemical bonds, they form starch molecules. Therefore, glucose is the correct answer as it is the building block of starch.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following is not a true polymer?
- A.
Nucleic acids
- B.
Proteins
- C.
Lipids
- D.
Carbohydrates
Correct Answer
C. LipidsExplanation
Lipids are not considered true polymers because they do not consist of repeating units like nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates do. While lipids are composed of smaller molecules, they do not exhibit the same level of repeating structure as true polymers. Lipids include substances such as fats, oils, and waxes, which serve various functions in the body but do not fit the definition of a polymer.Rate this question:
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- 18.
In which of the following groups are enzymes normally considered?
- A.
Carbohydrates
- B.
Lipids
- C.
Proteins
- D.
Nucleic acids
Correct Answer
C. ProteinsExplanation
Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biological reactions. They speed up the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Enzymes are made up of amino acids and have a specific three-dimensional structure that allows them to bind to substrates and facilitate the conversion of reactants into products. Therefore, enzymes are normally considered as part of the group of proteins.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Enzymes speed up the rate of reaction by
- A.
Increasing the activation energy.
- B.
Releasing energy.
- C.
Gaining energy.
- D.
Lowering the activation energy.
Correct Answer
D. Lowering the activation energy.Explanation
Enzymes speed up the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy. Activation energy is the energy required for a reaction to occur. Enzymes act as catalysts, reducing the amount of energy needed for the reaction to start. They do this by binding to the reactants and bringing them closer together, which increases the likelihood of a successful collision and formation of the product. By lowering the activation energy, enzymes enable reactions to occur more quickly and efficiently.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The reactants in an enzyme catalyzed reaction are called
- A.
Products.
- B.
Substrates.
- C.
Acids.
- D.
Bases.
Correct Answer
B. Substrates.Explanation
In an enzyme catalyzed reaction, the reactants that bind to the active site of the enzyme and undergo a chemical transformation are called substrates. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. The substrates bind to the enzyme's active site, where they are held in a specific orientation and undergo a reaction to form products. Therefore, the correct answer is substrates.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The _________________ is the term used to describe the combination of substrates bound to the enzyme.
- A.
Enzyme-product substrate
- B.
Enzyme-substrate complex
- C.
Complex substrate-product
- D.
Substrate-product complex
Correct Answer
B. Enzyme-substrate complexExplanation
The term used to describe the combination of substrates bound to the enzyme is the enzyme-substrate complex. This refers to the temporary association between the enzyme and its substrate(s) during a chemical reaction. The enzyme-substrate complex is formed when the substrate(s) bind to the active site of the enzyme, allowing the reaction to occur. Once the reaction is complete, the products are released and the enzyme can bind to new substrates.Rate this question:
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- 22.
There are several ways to regulate an enzyme's activity. Which of the following does not change the shape of an enzyme's active site?
- A.
A false substrate
- B.
Boiling
- C.
Adding an acid
- D.
Adding a base
Correct Answer
A. A false substrateExplanation
A false substrate does not change the shape of an enzyme's active site. The active site of an enzyme is the region where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction takes place. A false substrate is a molecule that resembles the substrate but cannot undergo the same reaction. When a false substrate binds to the active site, it does not cause any conformational changes in the enzyme's active site. Therefore, it does not alter the shape of the active site and does not affect the enzyme's activity.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Explain a situation in which the products in a chemical reaction lose energy. Include activation energy.
- 24.
Describe the four major macromolecules. Include the monomer and polymer names and one major function of each. Provide examples.
- 25.
Describe how the pH scale works.
- 26.
E.C. _____________________ are often made from lipids.
Correct Answer
hormones
steroids
sterolsExplanation
Hormones, steroids, and sterols are often made from lipids. Lipids are a diverse group of biomolecules that include fats, oils, hormones, and steroids. Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various physiological processes in the body. Steroids are a type of lipid that have a specific structure and function, including hormone regulation. Sterols are another type of lipid that are important components of cell membranes and are also precursors for the synthesis of hormones and steroids. Therefore, all three options - hormones, steroids, and sterols - can be made from lipids.Rate this question:
- 27.
E.C. Another name for the hydrogen ion in an acidic solution is _________________.
Correct Answer
hydroniumExplanation
In an acidic solution, hydrogen ions (H+) are released. These hydrogen ions can combine with water molecules to form hydronium ions (H3O+). Therefore, another name for the hydrogen ion in an acidic solution is hydronium.Rate this question:
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