1.
After successfully establishing the Republic of Turkey, Kemal Ataturk:
Correct Answer
B. Introduced many reforms, most of which were kept even after his death
Explanation
After successfully establishing the Republic of Turkey, Kemal Ataturk introduced many reforms that had a lasting impact even after his death. These reforms aimed to modernize and secularize Turkey, including the adoption of a new legal system based on European models, the introduction of a new alphabet, the promotion of education and women's rights, and the separation of religion and state. These reforms played a crucial role in transforming Turkey into a more modern and progressive nation.
2.
In November 1917, the ___ stated Britain's intention to make Palestine the national home of the Jews.
Correct Answer
A. Balfour Declaration
Explanation
The Balfour Declaration was a statement issued by the British government in November 1917, expressing their support for the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine. This declaration was significant because it marked the first official recognition by a major world power of the Zionist movement's goal of creating a Jewish homeland. It had far-reaching consequences for the future of Palestine and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The Lawrence Doctrine, Churchill Report, and McPherson Papers are not relevant to the question and do not pertain to Britain's intention to make Palestine the national home of the Jews.
3.
Mohandas Gandhi protested British laws by:
Correct Answer
C. Using methods of civil disobedience, that is, refusing to obey laws considered to be unjust
4.
The _____ gradually developed into vast companies that controlled major segments of the Japanese industrial sector.
Correct Answer
A. Zaibatsu
Explanation
Zaibatsu refers to large family-controlled conglomerates in Japan that emerged during the Meiji period. These zaibatsu gradually grew and expanded their influence, eventually gaining control over significant sectors of the Japanese industrial economy. They played a crucial role in Japan's economic development and dominance in various industries such as banking, shipping, and manufacturing. The other options (triads, Black Dragon Society groups, and sashimi) are not relevant to the context of the question and do not have any connection to the development of vast companies in the Japanese industrial sector.
5.
Who led the People's Liberation Army on the Long March?
Correct Answer
D. Mao Zedong
Explanation
Mao Zedong led the People's Liberation Army on the Long March. The Long March was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China in 1934-1935. Mao Zedong, who later became the leader of the Communist Party and the founding father of the People's Republic of China, played a crucial role in organizing and leading the march. This arduous journey covered over 6,000 miles and lasted for a year, during which the Red Army faced numerous challenges and hardships. The Long March ultimately became a symbol of resilience and determination for the Communist Party.
6.
In order to fight the larger Nationalist Army, the Communists:
Correct Answer
B. Began using guerilla tactics
Explanation
The correct answer is "began using guerrilla tactics." This means that the Communists started employing unconventional warfare strategies, such as ambushes, hit-and-run attacks, and sabotage, to combat the larger Nationalist Army. Guerrilla tactics allowed them to effectively disrupt the enemy's operations and minimize their own casualties. This approach was crucial for the Communists to continue their resistance and gain support from the local population during the Chinese Civil War.
7.
Chiang Kai-shek did not press for programs that would lead to a redistribution of wealth because:
Correct Answer
C. He did not want to lose the support of the rural landed gentry, as well as the urban middle class
Explanation
Chiang Kai-shek did not press for programs that would lead to a redistribution of wealth because he did not want to lose the support of the rural landed gentry, as well as the urban middle class. This suggests that he prioritized maintaining the backing of these influential groups over addressing the economic disparities and inequalities faced by the lower classes. By not pushing for wealth redistribution, Chiang Kai-shek aimed to ensure the loyalty and support of the wealthy and middle-class factions, which were crucial for his political stability and power.
8.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy:
Correct Answer
D. Rejected the use of U.S. military force in Latin Amerca
Explanation
The Good Neighbor policy, implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, aimed to improve relations between the United States and Latin American countries. It emphasized non-intervention and non-interference in the affairs of these countries, rejecting the use of U.S. military force in Latin America. This policy sought to promote cooperation, mutual respect, and peaceful relations, moving away from previous interventions and military actions taken by the United States in the region.
9.
The _____ controlled the major groups within Mexican society, thereby giving it enormous control over the Mexican presidency.
Correct Answer
B. Institutional Revolutionary Party
Explanation
The correct answer is the Institutional Revolutionary Party. The party controlled the major groups within Mexican society, which gave it significant influence over the Mexican presidency. This party dominated Mexican politics for much of the 20th century, using a combination of patronage, coercion, and manipulation to maintain its power. Its control over various sectors of society allowed it to maintain a stronghold on the presidency and exert significant control over Mexican politics and policy-making.
10.
Identify the name of the Mexican national oil company.
Correct Answer
A. PEMEX
Explanation
PEMEX is the correct answer because it stands for "PetrĂ³leos Mexicanos," which is the full name of the Mexican national oil company. The other options, such as Mexico Revolutionary Party, PetroMex, and MexicOil, are not the correct names of the company.
11.
The League of Nations established mandates to give certain European countries the right:
Correct Answer
D. To govern certain Arab territories
Explanation
The League of Nations established mandates to give certain European countries the right to govern certain Arab territories. This was done in order to provide a temporary administration and supervision of these territories until they were deemed capable of self-governance. The mandates aimed to promote stability and development in these regions, while also ensuring that the interests of the local Arab populations were taken into consideration.
12.
In 1930, the Muslim League called for the creation of a separate Indian Muslim state called:
Correct Answer
C. Pakistan
Explanation
In 1930, the Muslim League, a political party representing the interests of Indian Muslims, called for the creation of a separate Indian Muslim state called Pakistan. This demand was made in response to the growing tensions between the Hindu and Muslim communities in British India, and the Muslim League believed that a separate state would protect the political and economic rights of Muslims. Pakistan was eventually established in 1947, following the partition of British India into two separate countries, India and Pakistan.
13.
Gandhi encouraged his followers to protest British laws by all of the following means EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
D. Blowing up British railroad tracks
Explanation
Gandhi encouraged his followers to protest British laws through various nonviolent means. These included withholding taxes, boycotting British goods, and using homemade salt as a symbolic act of defiance against British salt laws. However, blowing up British railroad tracks would be a violent act and contradict Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolence and peaceful resistance. Therefore, this method would not have been endorsed by Gandhi as a means of protest.
14.
In 1993, the People's Liberation Army:
Correct Answer
C. Began its Long March
Explanation
In 1993, the People's Liberation Army began its Long March. The Long March was a military retreat undertaken by the Chinese Communist Party's Red Army to escape the pursuit of the Nationalist forces led by Chiang Kai-shek. It lasted from 1934 to 1935 and covered a distance of over 6,000 miles. The Long March played a crucial role in the eventual victory of the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War and solidified Mao Zedong's leadership within the party.
15.
After a dispute over workers' wages, the Mexican government in the 1930s did all of the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
D. Sign the Good Neighbor Treaty
Explanation
In the 1930s, the Mexican government took several actions in response to a dispute over workers' wages. They paid back oil companies for their property, seized oil fields and foreign oil company properties, and set up PEMEX, a Mexican national oil company. However, they did not sign the Good Neighbor Treaty. This treaty was signed between the United States and Mexico in 1933 to improve relations between the two countries.