Chapter 3 Online Study Guide
You have 45 minutes and 1 attempt at this study guide. Read the chapter before answering the questions so you don't run out of time. This is an individual assignment - do not give or receive answers from other students.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Easter Island is an example of the tragedy of the commons. What resource was unsustainably harvested?
- A.
Palm trees
- B.
Fish
- C.
Fresh water
- D.
Ground squirrels
Correct Answer
A. Palm treesExplanation
Easter Island is an example of the tragedy of the commons because the palm trees on the island were unsustainably harvested. The island's inhabitants used the palm trees for various purposes, including building houses and canoes, as well as for firewood. However, due to overexploitation and lack of proper management, the palm trees became extinct on the island. This led to a collapse in the island's ecosystem and the decline of its civilization. The unsustainable harvesting of palm trees on Easter Island serves as a cautionary tale about the consequences of not properly managing and preserving natural resources.Rate this question:
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- 2.
When did the population of Easter Island peak?
- A.
1200
- B.
1300
- C.
1400
- D.
1500
- E.
1600
Correct Answer
C. 1400Explanation
The population of Easter Island peaked in 1400. This means that at this particular time, the island had the highest number of inhabitants.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The concept of ______________________________ is important in science to detect errors in measurement and conscious and unconscious bias by investigators. (spelling counts!- use all lower case and spell correctly)
Correct Answer
reproducibility
ReproducibilityExplanation
The concept of reproducibility is important in science to detect errors in measurement and conscious and unconscious bias by investigators. Reproducibility refers to the ability to repeat a scientific experiment or study and obtain the same results. It ensures that the findings are reliable and not influenced by external factors or biases. By emphasizing reproducibility, scientists can verify the accuracy of their measurements and minimize the impact of personal biases on the results.Rate this question:
- 4.
Which of the following words is a measure of reproducibility?
- A.
Accuracy
- B.
Precision
Correct Answer
B. PrecisionExplanation
Precision is a measure of reproducibility because it refers to the consistency or closeness of the values in a set of measurements. In other words, precision indicates how well a set of measurements agree with each other. A high precision means that the measurements are very close to each other, indicating a high level of reproducibility. On the other hand, a low precision suggests that the measurements are spread out and not consistent, indicating a low level of reproducibility. Therefore, precision is a useful measure for assessing the reproducibility of data.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Another example of acontrolled experiment, called a ______________ experiment, is used to test most new drugs. One group of patients is given the new drug (the experimental group). A second, similar set of patients (the control group) is given a placebo - a harmless starch pill similar in shape, size, and color to the pill being tested. To avoid bias, niehter the patients nor the physicians invovled know who is getting the experimental drug and who is getting the placebo, which is why this is called a _________________ approach.
Correct Answer
double-blind
double blind
Double Blind
Double-Blind
Double-blind
double-blind
doubleblindExplanation
A double-blind experiment is used to test most new drugs. In this type of experiment, one group of patients is given the new drug (the experimental group) while a second similar group of patients (the control group) is given a placebo. To avoid bias, neither the patients nor the physicians involved know who is receiving the experimental drug and who is receiving the placebo. This approach is called double-blind because both the patients and the physicians are "blind" to the treatment being administered.Rate this question:
- 6.
Which type of reasoning goes from the gneral to the specific? For example: All Birds have feathers. Eagles are birds, therefore all eagles have feathers.
- A.
Deductive
- B.
Inductive
Correct Answer
A. DeductiveExplanation
Deductive reasoning is the correct answer because it involves starting with a general statement or premise and then using logical steps to reach a specific conclusion. In the given example, the general statement is "All birds have feathers" and the specific conclusion is "All eagles have feathers." The conclusion is derived from the general premise using deductive reasoning.Rate this question:
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- 7.
It is very important that you think for yourself in this class. All of you (and I) have unconscious biases that give us opinions of topics before we have done the research. It is very important that you think for yourself as we progress through the semester. Read the Critical Thinking Guest Essay by Dr. Heinze-Fry and answer the first Critical Thinking question. answer using at least 3 sentences
- 8.
Anexample invovles projected global warming of the atmosphere. Such warming appears to be shrinking the reflective white Arctic ice pack and exposing more open ocean. Because the open ocean absorbs much more heat than ice pack, as the ice pack diminshes the oceans will warm more rapidly. This can in turn melt more ice and lead to even faster warming of the ocean's surface in a a _________________________
- A.
Negative feedback loop
- B.
Positive feedback loop
- C.
Neutral feedback loop
Correct Answer
B. Positive feedback loopExplanation
As the global warming causes the Arctic ice pack to shrink, more open ocean is exposed. The open ocean absorbs more heat than the ice pack, leading to a more rapid warming of the oceans. This increased warming can then cause more ice to melt, which further accelerates the warming of the ocean's surface. This continuous cycle of warming and melting creates a positive feedback loop, where each step reinforces and amplifies the initial warming.Rate this question:
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- 9.
A _________________ interaction occurs when two or more processes interact so that the combined effect is greater than the sum of their separate effects.
Correct Answer
synergistic
Synergistic
synergy
SynergyExplanation
A synergistic interaction occurs when two or more processes interact in a way that their combined effect is greater than the sum of their separate effects. This means that the interaction results in a synergistic effect, where the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.Rate this question:
- 10.
....the appearance of severe thinning of the ozone layer over _______ several months each year.
Correct Answer
Antarctica
antarctica
antarctic
AntarcticExplanation
The correct answer is "Antarctica, antarctica, antarctic, Antarctic". The question is referring to the severe thinning of the ozone layer over a specific location. Antarctica is known for experiencing this phenomenon for several months each year. The variations in capitalization (Antarctica vs. antarctica) do not change the meaning of the answer.Rate this question:
- 11.
Various forms of an element having the same atomic number but a different mass number are called __________ of that element.
Correct Answer
isotopes
isotope
Isotopes
IsotopeExplanation
Isotopes are various forms of an element that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers. The different mass numbers are due to the varying number of neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. Isotopes can have different physical properties, such as different boiling points or densities, but they still exhibit similar chemical behavior. The existence of isotopes allows scientists to study the properties and behavior of elements in more detail.Rate this question:
- 12.
pH is a meaure of the concentration of _________ ions in a water solution. These are positive ions or cations (negative ions are called anions).
- A.
Hydrogen
- B.
Helium
- C.
Calcium
- D.
Nitrogen
Correct Answer
A. HydrogenExplanation
pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a water solution. Hydrogen ions are positive ions or cations. The higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, the lower the pH value, indicating acidity. Therefore, the correct answer is hydrogen.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The toxic polychlorinated biphenyls (such as c12H5CL5) are oily compounds used as insulating materials in electric transformers. If you go fishing at Lake Worth there are signs that say - don't eat the fish due to PCB's (the short hand for polychlorinated biphenyls! Which of the following categories includes PCBs?
- A.
Hydrocarbons
- B.
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
- C.
Chlorofluorocarbons
- D.
Carbohydrates
Correct Answer
B. Chlorinated hydrocarbonsExplanation
PCBs are classified as chlorinated hydrocarbons because they are organic compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms, with chlorine atoms substituted for some of the hydrogen atoms. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are known for their toxicity and persistence in the environment, which is why they are considered harmful and are subject to restrictions and regulations.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following forms of electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelength? (one of the Figures in Chapter 3)
- A.
Gamma rays
- B.
X rays
- C.
Microwaves
- D.
Radio waves
Correct Answer
D. Radio wavesExplanation
Radio waves have the longest wavelength among the given options. Gamma rays have the shortest wavelength, followed by X-rays and microwaves. Radio waves have the longest wavelength and lowest frequency among all forms of electromagnetic radiation. They are used for various purposes such as communication, broadcasting, and radar.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following is a nondegradable pollutant?
- A.
Feces
- B.
DDT
- C.
Mercury
- D.
Nitrogen
Correct Answer
C. MercuryExplanation
Mercury is a nondegradable pollutant because it cannot be broken down or decomposed into simpler substances by natural processes. It accumulates in the environment and can pose serious health risks to humans and wildlife when ingested or inhaled. Mercury pollution primarily comes from industrial processes, such as coal-fired power plants and mining activities, and can contaminate water bodies, soil, and the food chain.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Sep 03, 2011Quiz Created by
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