Chapter 5 Groups And Organizations: Quick Quiz

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| By Sociology101

Sociology101

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Questions: 10 | Attempts: 1,450 | Updated: Mar 20, 2023

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Chapter 5 Quick Quiz

Questions and Answers

1.

A social group includes any collection of individuals.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
A social group is a specific type of collection of individuals that share common interests, values, or goals and interact with one another. Not all collections of individuals can be considered social groups, as there must be some level of social interaction and shared identity or purpose among the members. Therefore, the statement that "A social group includes any collection of individuals" is false.

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1
2.

People are better able to meet their needs for food, shelter, and security when they work together rather than alone.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
Working together allows people to pool their resources, skills, and knowledge, making it easier to meet their needs for food, shelter, and security. When individuals collaborate, they can share the workload, divide tasks based on their strengths, and support each other in times of difficulty. This collective effort increases efficiency and effectiveness, leading to better outcomes. Additionally, working together fosters a sense of community and belonging, which can enhance overall well-being and provide a safety net in times of crisis. Therefore, it is true that people are better able to meet their needs when they work together rather than alone.

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3.

Groups ensure conformity of their members by using:
- A.
  
  Identity control
- B.
  
  Power of division
- C.
  
  Internalized norms
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
Groups ensure conformity of their members by using identity control, which involves establishing a shared identity or group membership that individuals conform to. This can include adopting common beliefs, values, and behaviors. Power of division refers to the group's ability to create divisions or hierarchies within the group, which can be used to enforce conformity through social pressure or rewards. Internalized norms are the shared beliefs and expectations within the group that individuals internalize and conform to. Therefore, all of the above options contribute to the group's ability to ensure conformity among its members.

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4.

Because their contributions are considered so valuable, high status members of groups may earn permission from the group to break some rules. This permission is known as:
- A.
  
  Synchronicity credit
- B.
  
  Hypocrisy credit
- C.
  
  Idiosyncrasy credit
- D.
  
  Get out of jail free card
Correct Answer
C. Idiosyncrasy credit

Explanation
High status members of groups may earn permission from the group to break some rules because their contributions are considered valuable. This permission is known as "idiosyncrasy credit." This concept suggests that individuals who have established themselves as important or influential within a group are given more leeway in deviating from the group's norms or rules. This recognition of their unique contributions allows them to have a certain level of flexibility and exemption from the usual expectations.

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5.

Any group that a person admires enough to use as a standard for his or her own identity can be called a:
- A.
  
  Peer group
- B.
  
  Reference group
- C.
  
  Primary group
- D.
  
  Secondary group
Correct Answer
B. Reference group

Explanation
A reference group refers to any group that an individual looks up to and uses as a benchmark for shaping their own identity. This group may not necessarily be a peer group, which consists of individuals who are similar in age or social status. A reference group can be any group that influences an individual's attitudes, values, and behavior, such as celebrities, role models, or a community that shares common interests. It serves as a point of reference for individuals to evaluate themselves and their own choices in relation to the group's norms and standards.

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6.

Blending into a faceless crowd or being lost in a bureaucratic role are examples of:
- A.
  
  Distance
- B.
  
  Division
- C.
  
  Dehumanization
- D.
  
  Deindividuation
Correct Answer
D. Deindividuation

Explanation
Deindividuation refers to the process of losing one's individual identity and becoming part of a larger group or system. Blending into a faceless crowd or getting lost in a bureaucratic role both involve losing one's sense of self and individuality. In these situations, individuals may feel anonymous and less accountable for their actions, which can lead to a decrease in self-awareness and an increase in conformity to group norms. Deindividuation can result in behaviors that individuals would not typically engage in if they were in a more individualized state.

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7.

The financial rewards of an education differ by race and gender. Which of the following statements is false?
- A.
  
  On average, yearly income rises with each advance in education for all racial categories and for both men and women.
- B.
  
  On average, Asian Americans receive greater financial rewards than equally educated white Americans.*
- C.
  
  On average, it is a greater financial disadvantage to be a woman than to be a person of color.
- D.
  
  Even among doctors and lawyers, the race and gender differences in financial compensation are significant.
Correct Answer
B. On average, Asian Americans receive greater financial rewards than equally educated white Americans.*

Explanation
The given statement is false because on average, Asian Americans do not receive greater financial rewards than equally educated white Americans.

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8.

A preference for homogeneity means that people are likely to want employees, friends, and marriage partners who:
- A.
  
  Are like themselves
- B.
  
  Have higher social status than themselves
- C.
  
  Have unique social resources to share
- D.
  
  Fit media images of desirability
Correct Answer
A. Are like themselves

Explanation
A preference for homogeneity means that people are likely to want employees, friends, and marriage partners who are like themselves. This means they prefer individuals who share similar characteristics, values, beliefs, and backgrounds. This preference is based on the comfort and familiarity that comes with interacting with people who are similar to oneself. It can also be driven by a desire for validation and affirmation of one's own identity and experiences.

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9.

According to Weber, which of the following is not an advantage provided by a typical bureaucracy (e.g., a work place)?
- A.
  
  Formation of friendships
- B.
  
  Efficiency in production
- C.
  
  Consistency of behavior
- D.
  
  Neutrality in decision-making
Correct Answer
A. Formation of friendships

Explanation
Weber believed that a typical bureaucracy does not provide an advantage in terms of the formation of friendships. He argued that a bureaucratic work environment is characterized by strict hierarchical structures, rules, and regulations, which can hinder the development of personal relationships and social interactions among employees. Instead, the focus of a bureaucracy is on efficiency, consistency of behavior, and neutrality in decision-making, as these factors contribute to the smooth functioning and rationality of the organization.

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10.

Some Western businesses have been humanized by adopting Japanese business practices. Which of the following Japanese practices has been the favorite for Western adoption?
- A.
  
  Lifelong commitment between worker and employer
- B.
  
  Merging of work and personal life
- C.
  
  Bottom-up, collective decision-making
- D.
  
  Seniority-based pay (rather than performance-based)
Correct Answer
C. Bottom-up, collective decision-making

Explanation
Western businesses have been adopting the Japanese practice of bottom-up, collective decision-making. This practice involves involving employees at all levels in the decision-making process and valuing their input. It allows for a more inclusive and collaborative approach to decision-making, promoting employee engagement and empowerment. This practice is favored by Western businesses as it can lead to improved problem-solving, increased innovation, and a stronger sense of ownership and commitment among employees.

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Current Version
Mar 20, 2023

Quiz Edited by
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Aug 23, 2009

Quiz Created by
Sociology101

Chapter 5 Groups And Organizations: Quick Quiz

A social group includes any collection of individuals.

People are better able to meet their needs for food, shelter, and security when they work together rather than alone.

Groups ensure conformity of their members by using:

Because their contributions are considered so valuable, high status members of groups may earn permission from the group to break some rules. This permission is known as:

Any group that a person admires enough to use as a standard for his or her own identity can be called a:

Blending into a faceless crowd or being lost in a bureaucratic role are examples of:

The financial rewards of an education differ by race and gender. Which of the following statements is false?

A preference for homogeneity means that people are likely to want employees, friends, and marriage partners who:

According to Weber, which of the following is not an advantage provided by a typical bureaucracy (e.g., a work place)?

Some Western businesses have been humanized by adopting Japanese business practices. Which of the following Japanese practices has been the favorite for Western adoption?