Chapter 5 & 6

  • 10th Grade,
  • Grade 11th,
  • Grade 12th
  • NCCT
  • NHA
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| Attempts: 1,422 | Questions: 98 | Updated: Mar 22, 2025
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1. Which system breaks down food?

Explanation

The digestive system breaks down food. It consists of various organs such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines, which work together to break down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. The digestive system also helps in the absorption of nutrients and elimination of waste products. The endocrine system is responsible for producing and regulating hormones, the muscular system is responsible for movement, and the cardiac system is responsible for pumping blood. Therefore, the correct answer is Digestive.

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About This Quiz
Human Anatomy And Physiology Quizzes & Trivia

This quiz, titled 'Chapter 5 & 6', assesses knowledge in human anatomy with a focus on blood cells, phlebotomy duties, and professionalism in healthcare. It evaluates understanding of key medical terms and practices, enhancing skills crucial for healthcare professionals.

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2. The abbreviation CBC stands for:

Explanation

The correct answer is "Complete blood count." A complete blood count is a common blood test that provides important information about the number and types of cells in the blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It helps in diagnosing various conditions such as anemia, infections, and blood disorders. The abbreviation CBC is widely used in medical settings to refer to this specific test.

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3. Personal protective gear consists of:

Explanation

The correct answer is "All of the above" because personal protective gear typically includes a lab coat, gloves, and face shields. These items are essential for protecting individuals from potential hazards in a laboratory or other hazardous environments. Wearing a lab coat helps to prevent contamination of clothing, gloves protect the hands from chemicals or other harmful substances, and face shields provide protection for the face and eyes. Therefore, all of these items are necessary components of personal protective gear.

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4. Which of the following terms mean inflammation of a vein?

Explanation

Phlebitis is the correct answer because it specifically refers to inflammation of a vein. Phlebotomy is the process of drawing blood, Phlebotomize is not a recognized term, and Phlebology is the study of veins.

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5. The heart has 3 layers. Which is not a layer?

Explanation

The heart has three layers: epicardium, endocardium, and myocardium. The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart, the endocardium is the innermost layer, and the myocardium is the middle layer responsible for the contraction of the heart. The coronary layer is not a layer of the heart but refers to the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle.

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6. There are two types of infection. They are:

Explanation

The correct answer is "Both A & B" because the question states that there are two types of infection: Nosocomial and Communicable. Since the answer options include both A (Nosocomial) and B (Communicable), it can be inferred that the correct answer is both A & B.

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7. A hematologist specializes in the study of:

Explanation

A hematologist specializes in the study of blood. Hematology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of blood disorders and diseases. Hematologists analyze blood samples to identify abnormalities, such as anemia, leukemia, or clotting disorders. They also study the components of blood, such as red and white blood cells, platelets, and plasma, to understand their functions and how they can impact overall health. By specializing in the study of blood, hematologists play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating various blood-related conditions.

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8. The abbreviation NPO means:

Explanation

The abbreviation NPO stands for "Nothing by mouth." This term is commonly used in medical settings to indicate that a patient should not consume any food or drink orally. This could be due to various reasons such as preparation for a medical procedure, surgery, or if the patient is unable to swallow safely. By instructing the patient to be NPO, healthcare professionals ensure that the patient's digestive system remains empty to prevent complications during certain medical interventions.

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9. Another common name for an erythrocytes is:

Explanation

Erythrocytes are commonly known as red blood cells (RBCs). These cells are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be exhaled. They are called "red" blood cells due to the presence of a protein called hemoglobin, which gives them their characteristic red color. WBC (white blood cells) are a different type of blood cell involved in the immune response, and leukocytes and monocytes are specific types of white blood cells.

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10. Which houses the brain?

Explanation

The brain is housed in the cranial cavity. This cavity is located within the skull and provides protection to the brain. The cranial cavity is surrounded by bones and contains cerebrospinal fluid, which further helps in cushioning and protecting the brain from any external impact or injury.

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11. The reproductive system produces what?

Explanation

The reproductive system produces sex cells, which include both ovum (eggs) and sperm. These sex cells are essential for sexual reproduction and the creation of new offspring. The ovum is produced by the female reproductive system, while sperm is produced by the male reproductive system. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as it includes both ovum and sperm, which are the sex cells produced by the reproductive system.

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12. Electrical impulses from the heart are recorded by using:

Explanation

Electrical impulses from the heart are recorded by using an EKG. An EKG, also known as an electrocardiogram, is a medical test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. It is a non-invasive procedure that involves attaching electrodes to the skin to detect and record the electrical signals generated by the heart. These signals help healthcare professionals diagnose various heart conditions, such as arrhythmias, heart attacks, and abnormalities in the heart's structure. The EKG provides valuable information about the heart's rhythm, rate, and overall function, aiding in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

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13. Another term used to describe a red blood cell is:

Explanation

Erythrocyte is another term used to describe a red blood cell. It is derived from the Greek words "erythros" meaning red and "kytos" meaning cell. Erythrocytes are the most abundant type of blood cell and their main function is to transport oxygen to the body's tissues and remove carbon dioxide. They are biconcave in shape, lack a nucleus, and contain a pigment called hemoglobin that gives them their red color. Erythrocytes play a crucial role in maintaining the body's oxygen balance and overall health.

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14. Before performing a phlebotomy, the most important thing to do is:

Explanation

The most important thing to do before performing a phlebotomy is to identify the patient. This is crucial to ensure that the correct patient is receiving the procedure and to prevent any mix-ups or errors. It is essential to verify the patient's identity using their name, date of birth, and any other relevant information before proceeding with the phlebotomy. This step helps to maintain patient safety and avoid any potential complications or misunderstandings.

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15. The heart is made up of what type of muscle?

Explanation

The heart is made up of cardiac muscle. This type of muscle is unique to the heart and is responsible for its contraction and pumping action. Unlike skeletal muscle, which is under voluntary control, cardiac muscle is involuntary, meaning it contracts automatically without conscious effort. Visceral and voluntary are not types of muscle, so they are not correct answers in this context.

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16. In order to complete the chain of infection, name the components.

Explanation

The chain of infection is a process that involves several components. The source refers to the origin of the infectious agent, such as a person or an object. The susceptible host is an individual who can become infected by the agent. Mode of transmission refers to the method by which the agent is spread, such as through direct contact or through the air. All of these components are necessary to complete the chain of infection, as each one plays a crucial role in the transmission and spread of the infectious agent.

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17. To what part of the body does the word root "hepat" refer to

Explanation

The word root "hepat" refers to the liver.

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18. A tourniquet can not be left on for no longer than:

Explanation

A tourniquet should not be left on for longer than 1 minute. This is because leaving a tourniquet on for an extended period of time can cause damage to the underlying tissues by cutting off blood flow. It is important to release the tourniquet after a short period to allow blood circulation to resume and prevent potential complications such as tissue death or nerve damage.

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19. When a patient is lying flat on their back face up, they are in:

Explanation

The correct answer is supine position. When a patient is lying flat on their back face up, they are in the supine position. This position is commonly used during medical examinations, surgeries, and procedures as it allows for easy access to the patient's front side. It is also a comfortable position for patients who are unable to move or have difficulty breathing.

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20. What organ of the body produces insulin?

Explanation

The pancreas is the organ in the body that produces insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels by allowing cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream. Insufficient insulin production or ineffective use of insulin can lead to diabetes, a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. The kidneys, lungs, and ovaries do not produce insulin.

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21. The smallest branch of vein are called:

Explanation

Venules are the smallest branches of veins. Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Venules are responsible for collecting blood from capillaries and transporting it to larger veins. They have thin walls and are less muscular compared to arteries, allowing them to easily transport blood. Arterioles, on the other hand, are the smallest branches of arteries, while median and neutrophils are unrelated to the circulatory system.

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22. Which one of the following is not a blood vessel?

Explanation

The heart is not a blood vessel, but rather an organ that pumps blood throughout the body. Blood vessels, such as veins, arteries, and capillaries, are the tubes that carry blood to and from the heart and various parts of the body. While the heart plays a crucial role in the circulatory system, it is not classified as a blood vessel.

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23. The spinal column and brain are covered by a protective membrane called:

Explanation

The spinal column and brain are protected by a membrane called meninges. The meninges serve as a barrier between the central nervous system and the surrounding structures, providing cushioning and support. They consist of three layers: the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The meninges help protect the delicate neural tissues from injury and infection, and also help regulate the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

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24. Proximal is defined as:

Explanation

The term "proximal" refers to something that is closest to the point of attachment. In anatomy, it is commonly used to describe the position of a body part relative to its point of origin or attachment. For example, when referring to the arm, the shoulder would be considered proximal because it is closer to the point of attachment (the body) compared to the hand. Therefore, the correct answer is "Nearest to point of attachment."

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25. Which gland is referred to as the "master gland"

Explanation

The pituitary gland is referred to as the "master gland" because it plays a crucial role in regulating and controlling the functions of other endocrine glands in the body. It produces and releases hormones that stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones from other glands, such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, and reproductive organs. This control over the entire endocrine system makes the pituitary gland the most important and influential gland in the body.

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26. One complete contraction and relaxation phase of the heart is known as:

Explanation

The cardiac cycle refers to one complete contraction and relaxation phase of the heart. During this cycle, the heart goes through a series of events, including the contraction of the atria and ventricles, the opening and closing of the heart valves, and the circulation of blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuits. Therefore, the correct answer is "Cardiac cycle."

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27. What is the primary function of isolation procedures?

Explanation

The primary function of isolation procedures is to prevent the transmission of communicable diseases. Isolation procedures are put in place to separate individuals who are infected or suspected to be infected with a contagious disease from those who are not infected, in order to minimize the spread of the disease. By isolating infected individuals, the risk of transmission to others is reduced, thus preventing the further spread of the communicable disease.

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28. When discussing the structural components of the body we are referring to:

Explanation

Anatomy refers to the study of the structural components of the body. It involves the examination and understanding of the various organs, tissues, and systems that make up the human body. Physiology, on the other hand, focuses on the functions and processes of these structural components. While blood components and bones are indeed important components of the body, they are specific examples of anatomical structures. Therefore, the correct answer is anatomy.

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29. Using the order of draw, which would be drawn first?

Explanation

According to the order of draw, blood culture bottles should be drawn first. This is because blood culture bottles are used to collect blood samples for microbiological analysis, and it is important to minimize the risk of contamination. Drawing blood culture bottles first helps ensure that the sample collected is not contaminated by any additives or anticoagulants present in other tubes.

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30. The conduct and qualities that project an image of a professional person is known as:

Explanation

Professionalism refers to the conduct and qualities that project an image of a professional person. It encompasses a range of attributes such as punctuality, reliability, honesty, and respectfulness. A professional person is expected to adhere to ethical standards, demonstrate integrity, and comply with legal obligations. By displaying professionalism, individuals are able to establish trust and credibility in their respective fields, while also maintaining a positive reputation.

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31. Anterior refers to which?

Explanation

Anterior refers to the front of an object or organism. It is the opposite of posterior, which refers to the back or rear. In anatomical terms, anterior is used to describe the position or location of a structure that is closer to the front of the body or the head. It is important to understand these directional terms in order to accurately describe the position and relationships of different body parts.

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32. The most frequent mode of transmission for infection is:

Explanation

Direct contact is the most frequent mode of transmission for infection because it involves physical contact between an infected person and a susceptible person. This can occur through activities such as shaking hands, hugging, or kissing. Direct contact allows for the transfer of infectious agents, such as bacteria or viruses, from one person to another, increasing the risk of infection. Other modes of transmission, such as sharing drinks or indirect contact, may also contribute to the spread of infection, but direct contact is often the most common and efficient way for infections to be transmitted.

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33. Where would a drug screen test go?

Explanation

A drug screen test would go to the field of toxicology. Toxicology is the branch of science that deals with the study of poisons and their effects on living organisms. Drug screen tests are used to detect the presence of drugs or their metabolites in a person's body. These tests are commonly used in various settings such as workplaces, sports organizations, and healthcare facilities to ensure compliance with drug-free policies or to diagnose and monitor drug abuse. Therefore, toxicology is the most appropriate field for conducting drug screen tests.

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34. When discussing the functional components of the body we are referring to are:

Explanation

Physiology is the correct answer because when discussing the functional components of the body, we are referring to the study of how the different organs and systems in the body work and function together. Physiology focuses on the processes and mechanisms that allow the body to carry out its various functions, such as digestion, respiration, circulation, and reproduction. It involves studying how cells, tissues, organs, and systems interact and work together to maintain homeostasis and ensure the body's overall function and health.

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35. A basic structural unit of life is the definition of which word?

Explanation

A cell is the basic structural unit of life because it is the smallest functional and structural unit of an organism. Cells are responsible for carrying out all the necessary processes for life, such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. They are the building blocks of tissues, organs, and ultimately, entire organisms. Without cells, life as we know it would not exist.

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36. A vessel in which you can feel a pulse is known as:

Explanation

An artery is a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. It has a thick muscular wall that contracts and expands with each heartbeat, creating a pulse that can be felt. This is why a vessel in which you can feel a pulse is known as an artery. Veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, while capillaries are the smallest blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. "Venue" is unrelated to blood vessels and does not have any relevance to the question.

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37. The smallest branch of arteries are called:

Explanation

Arterioles are the smallest branch of arteries. They are responsible for regulating blood flow and blood pressure by constricting or dilating. They connect the larger arteries to the capillaries, where the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products occurs. Venules, on the other hand, are the smallest branches of veins, and the terms "Tunica" and "Atrerial" are not related to the smallest branch of arteries.

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38. The additive in a gray tube preserves glucose. The additive is:

Explanation

Sodium fluoride is the additive that preserves glucose in a gray tube. Sodium fluoride is commonly used as a preservative in blood collection tubes because it inhibits the action of enzymes that can break down glucose. By preserving glucose, sodium fluoride helps to ensure accurate glucose measurement in laboratory tests.

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39. Lithium, ammonia and sodium heparin can be found in this tube:

Explanation

The correct answer is Green. Green tubes are commonly used for collecting blood samples for plasma determination. Lithium, ammonia, and sodium heparin are commonly used as anticoagulants or additives in green tubes to prevent blood clotting and preserve the integrity of the plasma. Therefore, these substances can be found in this tube.

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40. Which of the following is a test associated with the reproductive system?

Explanation

HCG stands for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, which is a hormone produced during pregnancy. It is commonly used as a test to detect pregnancy and monitor the health of the reproductive system. HCG levels can indicate the presence or absence of pregnancy, as well as potential issues with the reproductive system such as ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage. Therefore, HCG is directly associated with the reproductive system.

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41. When drawing blood for coagulation which color tube is used?

Explanation

The light blue tube is used for drawing blood for coagulation tests because it contains sodium citrate as an anticoagulant. Sodium citrate prevents the blood from clotting by binding to calcium ions, allowing accurate measurement of coagulation factors. Lavender tubes are used for complete blood count (CBC) tests, gray tubes are used for glucose tests, and green tubes are used for tests that require heparin as an anticoagulant.

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42. What tube contains sodium citrate?

Explanation

The correct answer is light blue because sodium citrate is an anticoagulant used for coagulation tests. Light blue tubes contain sodium citrate as an additive, which prevents blood from clotting by binding to calcium ions. This allows for accurate measurement of coagulation factors in the blood.

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43. The life span of a RBC is:

Explanation

The correct answer is 120 Days. Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, have a lifespan of approximately 120 days. They are continuously produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the bloodstream, carrying oxygen to various tissues and organs. After their lifespan, old red blood cells are removed from the circulation by the spleen and liver, and new ones are produced to replace them.

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44. What is the main component of a RBC called?

Explanation

Hemoglobin is the main component of a red blood cell (RBC). It is a protein responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and transporting carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Hemoglobin gives red blood cells their characteristic red color and is essential for the proper functioning of the circulatory system.

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45. An infection contracted after admission to the hospital is called:

Explanation

Nosocomial infections are infections that are acquired in a hospital or healthcare facility. These infections are typically caused by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens that are present in the healthcare environment. Nosocomial infections can be spread through direct contact with an infected person, contact with contaminated surfaces or equipment, or through the air. This term is used specifically to describe infections that are acquired during a hospital stay and are not present or incubating at the time of admission. "Communicable" and "contagious" are broader terms that can refer to any infection that can be transmitted from one person to another, regardless of the location.

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46. Which system protects the body bacterial invasion and dehydration?

Explanation

The integumentary system protects the body from bacterial invasion and dehydration. It includes the skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands, which form a barrier against pathogens and help to retain moisture in the body. The skin's outermost layer, the epidermis, acts as a physical barrier to prevent the entry of bacteria and other harmful substances. Additionally, the sweat glands produce sweat, which helps to cool the body and maintain hydration. Therefore, the integumentary system plays a vital role in protecting the body from bacterial invasion and dehydration.

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47. Which is the largest artery within the body

Explanation

The aorta is the largest artery within the body. It originates from the left ventricle of the heart and carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body. It is responsible for supplying blood to various organs and tissues, making it the main pathway for blood circulation. The other options mentioned, such as pulmonary and arterioles, are not the largest arteries in the body.

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48. Which artery is located in the wrist on the thumb side?

Explanation

The radial artery is located in the wrist on the thumb side. It is one of the major arteries in the forearm that supplies blood to the hand and fingers. The radial artery is commonly used for taking the pulse and is also used in medical procedures such as arterial blood gas sampling.

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49. The plural form of atrium is:

Explanation

The plural form of "atrium" is "atria". In medical terminology, "atrium" refers to one of the chambers of the heart, specifically the upper chambers. When referring to multiple chambers, the correct plural form is "atria".

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50. The microbiology department performs

Explanation

The correct answer is Blood culture testing. Blood culture testing is a common procedure performed in the microbiology department. It involves taking a blood sample from a patient and culturing it in a laboratory setting to identify any bacteria or fungi that may be present in the bloodstream. This test is important in diagnosing and treating bloodstream infections, which can be life-threatening if not detected and treated promptly.

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51. Homeostasis is a condition in the body that refers to

Explanation

Homeostasis is a condition in the body where various physiological processes work together to maintain a stable internal environment. It involves the regulation of body temperature, pH levels, blood pressure, and other factors within a narrow range. The term "steady state" accurately describes this condition of balance and stability in the body.

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52. When drawing blood for hematology what color tube is used?

Explanation

Lavender tubes are used when drawing blood for hematology. These tubes contain an anticoagulant called EDTA, which helps prevent the blood from clotting. This is important for hematology tests as it allows for accurate analysis of blood cells and their characteristics. The lavender color of the tube is a standard indicator for hematology tests in many healthcare settings.

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53. What body direction does "lateral" mean?

Explanation

The term "lateral" refers to a direction that is towards the side. It indicates movement or location away from the midline or center of the body. This can be understood as a movement or position that is away from the middle and towards the outer edges of the body. Therefore, "towards the side" is the correct explanation for the term "lateral".

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54. Evaluation of the endocrine system involves:

Explanation

The evaluation of the endocrine system involves hormone determinations. This is because the endocrine system is responsible for producing and regulating hormones in the body. By measuring hormone levels, healthcare professionals can assess the function of the endocrine system and identify any imbalances or abnormalities. This can help in diagnosing and managing endocrine disorders such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, and adrenal insufficiency. Blood tests are commonly used to measure hormone levels, and specific hormone tests may be ordered based on the suspected condition. Spinal fluid analysis, blood gas studies, and drug monitoring are not directly related to evaluating the endocrine system.

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55. All of the following are granulocytes except:

Explanation

Granulocytes are a type of white blood cell that contain granules in their cytoplasm. They are characterized by their lobed nuclei and are involved in the immune response against infections. Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils are all examples of granulocytes. However, lymphocytes are not granulocytes. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a key role in the adaptive immune response, producing antibodies and coordinating immune system activities.

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56. Which specimen is used to evaluate respiratory status?

Explanation

ABG stands for arterial blood gas, which is a test used to evaluate the respiratory status of a patient. It measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the pH and bicarbonate levels. This test provides important information about how well the lungs are functioning and how effectively oxygen is being delivered to the body's tissues. It is commonly used in the diagnosis and management of respiratory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumonia. Therefore, ABG is the correct specimen used to evaluate respiratory status.

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57. The component of a cell that is mostly water is called:

Explanation

The cytoplasm is the correct answer because it is the component of a cell that is mostly water. Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles. It consists of water, salts, and various organic molecules. It plays a crucial role in supporting the organelles and providing a medium for cellular processes to occur. DNA is the genetic material of the cell, nucleus is the organelle that contains the DNA, and membrane is the outer boundary of the cell.

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58. The internal space of a blood vessel is called:

Explanation

The correct answer is Lumen. The lumen refers to the internal space or cavity within a blood vessel through which blood flows. It is the open channel that allows for the passage of blood, and it is surrounded by the vessel walls. The lumen plays a crucial role in maintaining blood flow and ensuring proper circulation throughout the body.

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59. The phlebotomist is sometimes referred to as:

Explanation

The phlebotomist is sometimes referred to as "blood sucker" and "vampire" due to the nature of their job, which involves drawing blood from patients. However, they are also referred to as "ambassador" because they play a crucial role in representing the healthcare facility and ensuring a positive patient experience. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.

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60. The function of the circulatory system is to:

Explanation

The circulatory system plays a crucial role in carrying oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. It also helps in maintaining fluid balance by transporting nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. Additionally, the circulatory system aids in defending the body against diseases by transporting white blood cells and antibodies to fight against pathogens. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as the circulatory system performs all these functions.

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61. The production of blood cells in the bone marrow is called:

Explanation

Hematopoiesis is the correct answer because it refers to the process of blood cell production in the bone marrow. Hemostasis refers to the process of stopping bleeding, while homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment. "None of the above" is not the correct answer as hematopoiesis is the specific term for blood cell production in the bone marrow.

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62. Which department analyzes tissues?

Explanation

Anatomical / surgical Pathology is the department that analyzes tissues. This department specializes in studying and diagnosing diseases by examining tissue samples obtained through biopsies or surgical procedures. They analyze the structure, composition, and function of tissues to identify abnormalities or diseases. This department plays a crucial role in providing accurate diagnoses and guiding appropriate treatment plans for patients.

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63. The "E" is pronounced separately in:

Explanation

In all of the given words, "Diastole," "Syncope," and "Systole," the letter "E" is pronounced separately.

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64. Which vessels are microscopic and one cell thick?

Explanation

Capillaries are microscopic blood vessels that are only one cell thick. This thinness allows for efficient exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Capillaries connect arterioles (small arteries) and venules (small veins), forming an extensive network throughout the body. Due to their small size and thin walls, capillaries are able to deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells while also removing waste products, making them essential for proper functioning of tissues and organs.

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65. The wearing of gloves is mandated by:

Explanation

OSHA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, mandates the wearing of gloves. OSHA is a regulatory agency that sets and enforces workplace safety standards to protect employees from hazards. Wearing gloves is necessary in many healthcare settings to prevent the spread of infections and protect healthcare workers from exposure to bloodborne pathogens and other hazardous materials. Therefore, the correct answer is OSHA.

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66. Therapeutic phlebotomies are still common today for patient with:

Explanation

Therapeutic phlebotomies are commonly performed on patients with polycythemia. Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an increased number of red blood cells in the body. Phlebotomy involves removing a certain amount of blood from the patient's body to reduce the red blood cell count and alleviate symptoms associated with polycythemia, such as increased blood viscosity and risk of blood clots. This procedure helps maintain a healthy blood flow and prevent complications related to polycythemia.

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67. An immature erythrocyte is called

Explanation

An immature erythrocyte is called a reticulocyte. Reticulocytes are produced in the bone marrow and are released into the bloodstream. They still contain some organelles, such as ribosomes, which give them a reticular or mesh-like appearance when stained. As they mature, these organelles are lost, and they become fully functional red blood cells. Basophils, neutrophils, and seiments are not immature erythrocytes but rather different types of white blood cells.

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68. Which department studies serum?

Explanation

Serology is the study of blood serum and other bodily fluids in order to diagnose and treat diseases. It involves analyzing the antibodies and antigens present in the serum to determine the presence of specific diseases or infections. This department focuses on conducting various tests, such as antibody tests, to detect and identify diseases like HIV, hepatitis, and syphilis. Therefore, serology is the correct department that studies serum.

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69. The  majority of gas exchange between blood  and tissue tales place in the:

Explanation

Gas exchange between blood and tissues primarily occurs in the capillaries. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels with thin walls that allow for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and surrounding tissues. Their small size and extensive network ensure that all cells in the body are close to a capillary, maximizing the efficiency of gas exchange. Arterioles and venules are larger blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, respectively, and play a role in regulating blood flow. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart and is not directly involved in gas exchange with tissues.

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70. The fluid that contains firbrinogen is knows as:

Explanation

Plasma is the correct answer because it is the fluid component of blood that contains various proteins, including fibrinogen. Fibrinogen is an important protein involved in blood clotting. Serum, on the other hand, is the fluid component of blood that remains after the clotting factors, including fibrinogen, have been removed. Therefore, plasma is the fluid that contains fibrinogen, making it the correct answer in this context.

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71. The muscle tissue that separates the two sides of the heart is called:

Explanation

The muscle tissue that separates the two sides of the heart is called the septum. The septum acts as a barrier between the left and right sides of the heart, preventing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. It ensures that oxygen-rich blood is pumped to the body while deoxygenated blood is sent to the lungs for oxygenation. The septum plays a crucial role in maintaining the efficient functioning of the heart and the circulation of blood throughout the body.

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72. The main function of an artery is to:

Explanation

Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. They have thick muscular walls that help maintain blood pressure and allow for efficient blood flow. Veins, on the other hand, carry blood back to the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is "Carry blood away from the heart."

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73. The mitral valve is also known as the:

Explanation

The correct answer is Bicuspid because the mitral valve is also called the bicuspid valve. It is called bicuspid because it has two leaflets or cusps that open and close to regulate the flow of blood between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart.

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74. Normal arterial blood is rich in O2 and is what color?

Explanation

Normal arterial blood is rich in oxygen and therefore appears cherry red in color. The oxygen in the blood binds to hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells, giving it a bright red color. This oxygenated blood is then pumped from the heart to various tissues and organs in the body, providing them with the oxygen they need to function properly.

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75. A vein differs structurally from an artery because it:

Explanation

Veins differ structurally from arteries because they have valves. These valves prevent the backflow of blood and ensure that blood flows only in one direction towards the heart. Arteries, on the other hand, do not have valves as they are designed to carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. The presence of valves in veins is crucial for maintaining proper blood circulation and preventing blood pooling or stagnation.

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76. When a pathogen surrounds and engulfs a foreign object, the process is called:

Explanation

Phagocytosis is the correct answer because it refers to the process in which a pathogen surrounds and engulfs a foreign object. This process is commonly performed by specialized cells called phagocytes, such as macrophages. Phagocytosis plays a crucial role in the immune response, as it allows the body to eliminate harmful pathogens and foreign particles. Microcystosis and agranulocyte are not valid terms related to this process.

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77. Which is the first enzyme to elevate in a heart attack?

Explanation

CPK/CK is the correct answer because it is the first enzyme to elevate in a heart attack. CPK/CK stands for creatine phosphokinase or creatine kinase, which is an enzyme found in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscles. During a heart attack, the heart muscle is damaged, causing CPK/CK to leak into the bloodstream. Therefore, an elevated level of CPK/CK in the blood can indicate a heart attack. CBC, Lipid, and Sodium are not enzymes specifically related to heart attacks.

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78. Wearing a mask would be beneficial when entering a patient's room who has:

Explanation

Wearing a mask would be beneficial when entering a patient's room who has MRSA because MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is a highly contagious bacterial infection that can spread through respiratory droplets. Wearing a mask can help prevent the transmission of these droplets and reduce the risk of contracting the infection.

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79. An electrical fire ignites, which exinguisher would be used?

Explanation

Class C fire extinguishers are specifically designed to extinguish fires involving electrical equipment. These extinguishers contain a non-conductive agent that is able to safely extinguish electrical fires without the risk of electric shock. Therefore, in the event of an electrical fire, a Class C fire extinguisher would be the appropriate choice to safely and effectively extinguish the fire.

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80. The longest vein in the body is called:

Explanation

The great saphenous vein is the longest vein in the body. It is located in the lower limb and runs from the foot to the groin. This vein plays a crucial role in returning deoxygenated blood from the leg back to the heart. It is commonly used in surgical procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafting and for creating arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis.

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81. The first cell on the scene in the event of an injury is a:

Explanation

Platelets are the first cells to arrive at the site of injury. They play a crucial role in blood clotting by forming a plug to stop bleeding. When there is an injury, platelets become activated and adhere to the damaged blood vessel walls. They then aggregate together to form a clot, preventing further blood loss. This process is essential for wound healing and preventing excessive bleeding. Therefore, platelets are the correct answer as they are the first to respond to an injury.

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82. The SA nod, referred to as the "pacemaker" is located in the:

Explanation

The "pacemaker," also known as the sinoatrial (SA) node, is responsible for initiating the electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm. It is located in the upper right atrium, specifically in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava. This location allows the SA node to coordinate the contraction of the atria before the electrical signals are transmitted to the ventricles, ensuring efficient blood flow through the heart.

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83. One of the main function of a vein is to:

Explanation

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. They have valves that prevent the backward flow of blood and help in the efficient return of blood to the heart. Arteries, on the other hand, carry blood away from the heart. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels. Therefore, the correct answer is "Carry blood to the heart."

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84. RBC do their job within the blood vessels, this is considered:

Explanation

The correct answer is "Intravascular" because it states that RBCs (red blood cells) do their job within the blood vessels. This means that they function inside the blood vessels, carrying oxygen to various parts of the body and removing carbon dioxide. Intravascular refers to anything that happens or is located within the blood vessels, making it the most appropriate choice in this context.

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85. Which color tube would be drawn for a blood bank specimen?

Explanation

The correct answer is Pink. Pink tubes are typically used for blood bank specimens. These tubes contain an anticoagulant called EDTA, which helps prevent blood from clotting. This is important for blood bank specimens as it allows for accurate testing and typing of the blood. Gray tubes are used for glucose testing, yellow tubes are used for blood cultures, and plain red tubes are used for general blood tests without any additives.

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86. All of the following are considered blood solutes except:

Explanation

Thrombocytes, also known as platelets, are not considered blood solutes. Solutes are substances that are dissolved in a solvent, in this case, the solvent is blood plasma. Glucose, protein, and sodium are all solutes that can be found in the blood plasma. Thrombocytes, on the other hand, are cellular components of blood and are not dissolved in the plasma. They play a crucial role in blood clotting and are involved in the formation of blood clots to prevent excessive bleeding.

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87. Which are the pumping chambers of the heart?

Explanation

The pumping chambers of the heart are called ventricles. The ventricles are the two lower chambers of the heart that are responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body, while the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. The atria, septum, and tricuspid are not the pumping chambers of the heart.

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88. The correct color of a bio hazard sticker is:

Explanation

The correct color of a bio hazard sticker is black on florescent red or orange. This color combination is used to ensure high visibility and to draw attention to the potential danger of bio hazards. The black text stands out against the bright red or orange background, making it easily noticeable and recognizable. This color scheme is commonly used in various industries and facilities to indicate the presence of bio hazards and to promote safety protocols.

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89. WBC are capable of leaving the blood stream, which makes them:

Explanation

WBC, or white blood cells, have the ability to leave the bloodstream and enter tissues, which makes them "extra vascular." This means that they can move outside of the blood vessels and into the surrounding tissues to perform their immune functions. Unlike RBCs, which remain within the blood vessels, WBCs have the ability to migrate to sites of infection or inflammation in order to fight off pathogens and protect the body.

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90. If a flammable liquid ignites, which type of extinguisher would be used?

Explanation

A Class B fire extinguisher would be used to extinguish a flammable liquid that has ignited. Class B fires involve flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, or grease. These extinguishers are specifically designed to smother the fire by creating a barrier between the fuel and the oxygen, thus preventing the fire from spreading. They typically use foam or dry chemical agents to suppress the flames. Class A extinguishers, on the other hand, are used for fires involving ordinary combustible materials like wood or paper, while Class C extinguishers are used for electrical fires. Class D extinguishers are used for fires involving combustible metals.

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91. Blood returning from the lungs to the heart is received into which chamber?

Explanation

The correct answer is left atrium. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins. It then contracts, pushing the blood into the left ventricle, which pumps it out to the rest of the body. The right atrium, on the other hand, receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava. The right ventricle pumps this deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

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92. If we were drawing an outpatient, where would we be:

Explanation

If we were drawing an outpatient, we would be in a clinic. Outpatient procedures are typically performed in a clinic setting rather than a lab or nursing home. Clinics are equipped with the necessary facilities and resources to provide medical care to patients who do not require overnight hospitalization. Therefore, it is the most appropriate location for drawing an outpatient.

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93. To differentiate between leukocytes, a stain is used. Which of the following is it?

Explanation

Wrights stain is used to differentiate between leukocytes. This stain is commonly used in laboratories to examine blood smears and identify different types of white blood cells. It helps to distinguish between various leukocyte types based on their staining characteristics, such as the color and intensity of the stain. By using Wrights stain, healthcare professionals can gain valuable information about a patient's immune system and diagnose any potential abnormalities or infections.

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94. The __________contain the major veins for venipuncture

Explanation

The median vein is the correct answer because it is located in the middle of the forearm and is commonly used for venipuncture. It is a large and easily accessible vein, making it a popular choice for drawing blood or inserting IV lines. The brachial vein is also a major vein in the arm, but it is not specifically mentioned in the question. The anticubital fossa is a depression in the elbow where the veins are close to the surface, but it is not a specific vein. The wrist forearm is not a term commonly used to describe a specific vein.

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95. What would be considered expanded duties of the phlebotomist?

Explanation

The expanded duties of a phlebotomist would include promoting good public relations. This means that in addition to their primary role of drawing blood samples from patients, phlebotomists are also expected to maintain a positive and professional interaction with patients and other healthcare professionals. This includes being courteous, empathetic, and respectful towards patients, as well as effectively communicating with them and addressing any concerns or questions they may have. By promoting good public relations, phlebotomists contribute to creating a positive and comfortable healthcare environment for patients.

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96. Which directional term referred to "on or near surface"?

Explanation

The term "external" refers to something that is located on or near the surface. In the context of directional terms, it specifically indicates a position or location that is outside or on the outer side of an object or body. This term is used to describe the relative position of a structure or body part in relation to the surface or outer layer.

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97. The correct process for using a fire extinguisher is:  PASS

Explanation

The correct process for using a fire extinguisher is known as PASS, which stands for Pull pin, Aim nozzle, Squeeze trigger, and Sweep nozzle. This mnemonic helps to remember the sequential steps required to effectively use a fire extinguisher. First, pull the pin to break the tamper seal. Then, aim the nozzle at the base of the fire. Next, squeeze the trigger to release the extinguishing agent. Finally, sweep the nozzle from side to side to cover the entire area of the fire. Following this process increases the chances of successfully extinguishing a fire.

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98. Match the tube with the additive Blood culture, Light blue, Yellow, Plain red, Green, SST, Gray, Lavender, Pink

Explanation

The answer matches the tubes with their corresponding additives correctly. The culture media tube is used for blood cultures, the light blue tube contains sodium citrate as an additive, the yellow tube contains SPS (sterile) as an additive, the plain red tube has no additive, the green tube contains heparin (Na, Li, NH3) as an additive, the SST (serum separator tube) contains both clot activator and gel barrier, the gray tube contains sodium fluoride as an additive, and the lavender tube contains EDTA as an additive. The answer correctly identifies the additives for each tube in the given list.

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Which system breaks down food?
The abbreviation CBC stands for:
Personal protective gear consists of:
Which of the following terms mean inflammation of a vein?
The heart has 3 layers. Which is not a layer?
There are two types of infection. They are:
A hematologist specializes in the study of:
The abbreviation NPO means:
Another common name for an erythrocytes is:
Which houses the brain?
The reproductive system produces what?
Electrical impulses from the heart are recorded by using:
Another term used to describe a red blood cell is:
Before performing a phlebotomy, the most important thing to do is:
The heart is made up of what type of muscle?
In order to complete the chain of infection, name the components.
To what part of the body does the word root "hepat" refer to
A tourniquet can not be left on for no longer than:
When a patient is lying flat on their back face up, they are in:
What organ of the body produces insulin?
The smallest branch of vein are called:
Which one of the following is not a blood vessel?
The spinal column and brain are covered by a protective membrane...
Proximal is defined as:
Which gland is referred to as the "master gland"
One complete contraction and relaxation phase of the heart is known...
What is the primary function of isolation procedures?
When discussing the structural components of the body we are referring...
Using the order of draw, which would be drawn first?
The conduct and qualities that project an image of a professional...
Anterior refers to which?
The most frequent mode of transmission for infection is:
Where would a drug screen test go?
When discussing the functional components of the body we are referring...
A basic structural unit of life is the definition of which word?
A vessel in which you can feel a pulse is known as:
The smallest branch of arteries are called:
The additive in a gray tube preserves glucose. The additive is:
Lithium, ammonia and sodium heparin can be found in this tube:
Which of the following is a test associated with the reproductive...
When drawing blood for coagulation which color tube is used?
What tube contains sodium citrate?
The life span of a RBC is:
What is the main component of a RBC called?
An infection contracted after admission to the hospital is called:
Which system protects the body bacterial invasion and dehydration?
Which is the largest artery within the body
Which artery is located in the wrist on the thumb side?
The plural form of atrium is:
The microbiology department performs
Homeostasis is a condition in the body that refers to
When drawing blood for hematology what color tube is used?
What body direction does "lateral" mean?
Evaluation of the endocrine system involves:
All of the following are granulocytes except:
Which specimen is used to evaluate respiratory status?
The component of a cell that is mostly water is called:
The internal space of a blood vessel is called:
The phlebotomist is sometimes referred to as:
The function of the circulatory system is to:
The production of blood cells in the bone marrow is called:
Which department analyzes tissues?
The "E" is pronounced separately in:
Which vessels are microscopic and one cell thick?
The wearing of gloves is mandated by:
Therapeutic phlebotomies are still common today for patient with:
An immature erythrocyte is called
Which department studies serum?
The  majority of gas exchange between blood  and tissue...
The fluid that contains firbrinogen is knows as:
The muscle tissue that separates the two sides of the heart is called:
The main function of an artery is to:
The mitral valve is also known as the:
Normal arterial blood is rich in O2 and is what color?
A vein differs structurally from an artery because it:
When a pathogen surrounds and engulfs a foreign object, the process is...
Which is the first enzyme to elevate in a heart attack?
Wearing a mask would be beneficial when entering a patient's room...
An electrical fire ignites, which exinguisher would be used?
The longest vein in the body is called:
The first cell on the scene in the event of an injury is a:
The SA nod, referred to as the "pacemaker" is located in...
One of the main function of a vein is to:
RBC do their job within the blood vessels, this is considered:
Which color tube would be drawn for a blood bank specimen?
All of the following are considered blood solutes except:
Which are the pumping chambers of the heart?
The correct color of a bio hazard sticker is:
WBC are capable of leaving the blood stream, which makes them:
If a flammable liquid ignites, which type of extinguisher would be...
Blood returning from the lungs to the heart is received into which...
If we were drawing an outpatient, where would we be:
To differentiate between leukocytes, a stain is used. Which of the...
The __________contain the major veins for venipuncture
What would be considered expanded duties of the phlebotomist?
Which directional term referred to "on or near surface"?
The correct process for using a fire extinguisher is:  PASS
Match the tube with the additive...
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