Chapter 6.4 Chemical Reactions

The large number of to the left of an molecule represents the number of molecules.
The small numbers to the right of an element symbol represent the number of atoms in the molecule.

The large number of to the left of an molecule represents the number of molecules.
The small numbers to the right of an element symbol represent the number of atoms in the molecule.

4 molecules of water are required to react with 3 atoms of iron. Each molecule of water contains two hydrogen atoms, so 4 x 2 = 8 Hydrogen atoms are required.

The small number to the right of the element symbol represents the number of atoms.

The reactants are the substances you start with that react together.
The products are the substances that the result of the reaction.

The reactants are the substances you start with that react together.
The products are the substances that the result of the reaction.

The number to the right of the element symbol represents the number of atoms in a molecule.

In the given chemical equation, Fe (iron) reacts with CuSO4 (copper sulfate) to form FeSO4 (iron sulfate) and Cu (copper). Therefore, the products in the chemical equation are FeSO4 and Cu.

Assume from the format of the equation that Calcium and Chlorine will react together.
When Chlorine is combined with other substances it is often called Chloride. Similarly Fluorine is called flouride and Oxgen is called oxide.

Assume from the format of the equation that Magnesium and Chlorine will react together.
When Chlorine is combined with other substances it is often called Chloride. Similarly Fluorine is called flouride and Oxgen is called oxide.

Assume from the format of the equation that Magnesium and Oxygen will react together.
When Chlorine is combined with other substances it is often called Chloride. Similarly Fluorine is called flouride and Oxgen is called oxide.

The substance CaCO3 represents calcium carbonate, which consists of the elements calcium, carbon, and oxygen. Calcium is a metal, while carbon and oxygen are non-metals. This compound is commonly found in nature as limestone, marble, and chalk, and it is also an important component of shells, coral reefs, and pearls.

The Calcium is straight forward. When Oxygen is combined with other elements, -ate is added to the elements name.

-ate is added to an elements name to indicate it is bonded with oxygen.

-ate is added to an elements name to indicate it is bonded with oxygen.

three oxygen atoms in one molecule so six atoms in two molecules

There are three oxygen atoms in one molecule of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).

HCl is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid, which is a strong acid. It consists of hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl) atoms. Hydrogen is a nonmetal, while chlorine is a halogen. When they combine, they form a covalent bond, resulting in the formation of hydrochloric acid.

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a colorless gas that dissolves in water to form hydrochloric acid (HCl). Therefore, both hydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid are correct names for the substance HCl.

One way of working this out is just to use the principle that all elements in the reactants must be present in the product. Calcium is missing in the products.

In a non-spontaneous reaction, the products have a higher energy level than the reactants. Therefore, energy must be continuously supplied to the reaction in order to overcome the energy barrier and keep the reaction going. This constant input of energy, such as heat, is required to drive the reaction in the forward direction. Without this constant energy input, the reaction would not proceed and would eventually come to a halt.

True. When Zinc and aluminium react with Oxygen, they tend to form a protective layer. In contrast, when iron reacts with oxygen it tends to flake off, exposing fresh iron underneath so the rusting continues.

Atoms are not changed from one type of atom (eg Oxygen) into another type of atom (eg Nitrogen) in chemical reactions, they are just rearranged into different substances. Eg when Hydrogen gas reacts with Oxygen gas, the atoms are rearranged so molecules of water are produced, but all the atoms stay as the same element as they were before the reaction.

Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms to form different substances. This means that no new atoms are created or destroyed during a chemical reaction. Instead, the existing atoms are rearranged to form new compounds or molecules. This principle is known as the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, only transformed. Therefore, the given statement is true.

The given word equation accurately represents the reaction between methane and oxygen gas. When methane is burnt in the presence of oxygen, it reacts to form carbon dioxide and water. This reaction is a combustion reaction, where the methane serves as the fuel and oxygen acts as the oxidizing agent. The resulting products are carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas, and water, which is a byproduct of the combustion process.

An Ammonia molecule has 1 Nitrogen atom and 3 Hydrogen atoms

In the given chemical equation, Fe (Iron) and CuSO4 (Copper(II) sulfate) are the reactants. Reactants are the substances that undergo a chemical reaction and are present at the beginning of the reaction. In this equation, Fe reacts with CuSO4 to form FeSO4 and Cu.

Some spontaneouse reactions do require a kick-start of energy (eg heat) to get them going, but then the reaction itself generates enough energy to keep the reaction going until the fuel runs out. Eg A sparkler

A spontaneous reaction proceeds until the fuel runs out because it is a reaction that occurs without the need for an external energy source. In other words, the reaction is able to sustain itself as long as there is fuel available to react. Once the fuel is depleted, the reaction will no longer continue. This is in contrast to reactions that require an input of energy to occur, which would not be considered spontaneous reactions.

Its all in the definition. The definition a spontaneouse reactions includes those that do require a kick-start of energy (eg heat) to get them going, but then the reaction itself generates enough energy to keep the reaction going until the fuel runs out. So a sparkler is regarded as being a spontaneouse reaction.

A Carbon Monoxide (CO) molecule has one Carbon atom and one Oxygen atom

All atoms of Carbon have 6 protons in their nucleus. The number of protons in an atoms nucleus is what determines which element it is.