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In most respects physical development and maturation are _________ by early adulthood. Most people are at the _____ of their physical capabilities. The brain continues to grow in both size and weight, reaching its maximum in early adulthood.
A.
Incomplete; peak
B.
Complete; peak
C.
Complete; downside
D.
Incomplete; downside
Correct Answer
B. Complete; peak
Explanation In early adulthood, physical development and maturation are complete, meaning that most individuals have reached their full physical capabilities. This includes the growth of the brain, which continues to increase in both size and weight, reaching its maximum during this stage of life. Therefore, the correct answer is "complete; peak".
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2.
No more than _______ of Americans exercise enough to keep themselves in good physical shape. Less than ______ participate in moderate exercise on a regular basis. Exercise is largely an upper- and middle-class phenomenon: People of low socioeconomic status (SES) often lack the time or money to participate. People in general do not exercise enough! According to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control), people should get _______ of moderate physical activity at least _______ per week.
A.
10%; 30%; 30 minutes; 5 days
B.
20%; 20%; 30 minutes; 5 days
C.
10%; 20%; 30 minutes; 5 days
D.
10%; 20%; 60 minutes; 7 days
Correct Answer
C. 10%; 20%; 30 minutes; 5 days
Explanation No more than 10% of Americans exercise enough to keep themselves in good physical shape. Less than 20% participate in moderate exercise on a regular basis. Exercise is largely an upper- and middle-class phenomenon: People of low socioeconomic status (SES) often lack the time or money to participate. People in general do not exercise enough! According to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control), people should get 30 minutes of moderate physical activity at least 5 days per week.
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3.
The leading causes of death among young adults are?
A.
Accidents, cancer, heart disease suicide, and joint disorders.
B.
AIDS, cancer, heart disease, suicide, and skin cancer.
C.
Accidents, lung cancer, heart disease and suicide.
D.
Accidents, AIDS, cancer, heart disease and suicide.
Correct Answer
D. Accidents, AIDS, cancer, heart disease and suicide.
Explanation The leading causes of death among young adults are accidents, AIDS, cancer, heart disease, and suicide. This answer includes a comprehensive list of the most common causes of death in this age group, covering a range of different health conditions and external factors.
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4.
At age 35, this reverses and _________ become more likely causes of death for the first time since infancy.
A.
Illness/famine
B.
Illness/disease
C.
Environmental disease
D.
Chickenpox
Correct Answer
B. Illness/disease
Explanation At age 35, illness and disease become more likely causes of death for the first time since infancy. This is because as individuals age, their immune system weakens and they become more susceptible to various illnesses and diseases. Additionally, lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and exposure to environmental toxins can also contribute to the development of chronic illnesses and diseases. Therefore, it is not surprising that illness and disease become more prevalent causes of death as people reach middle age.
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5.
Which is the most frequent cause of death for African Americans.
A.
Illness
B.
Murder
C.
Suicide
D.
Cancer
Correct Answer
B. Murder
Explanation Murder is the most frequent cause of death for African Americans. This is supported by statistical data and research studies which consistently show that African Americans are disproportionately affected by violence and homicide compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Factors such as socioeconomic disparities, systemic racism, and neighborhood violence contribute to this alarming trend. The high rates of murder among African Americans highlight the urgent need for addressing systemic issues and implementing effective strategies to reduce violence and ensure the safety and well-being of this community.
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6.
Assistance and comfort supplied by others to deal with stress.
A.
Coping
B.
Stress
C.
Social Support
D.
Secondary Appraisal
Correct Answer
C. Social Support
Explanation Social support refers to the assistance and comfort provided by others to help individuals cope with stress. This can include emotional support, such as listening and offering advice, as well as practical support, such as helping with tasks or providing resources. Social support plays a crucial role in helping individuals manage and reduce stress by providing a sense of belonging, validation, and encouragement. It can also help individuals gain different perspectives and coping strategies, ultimately improving their ability to handle stressful situations.
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7.
As part of Schaies’s Stages of Adult Thinking, this stage encompasses all of childhood and adolescence, in which the main developmental task is to acquire information.
A.
ACQUISITIVE STAGE
B.
ACHIEVING STAGE
C.
RESPONSIBLE STAGE
D.
EXECUTIVE STAGE
E.
REINTEGRATIVE STAGE
Correct Answer
A. ACQUISITIVE STAGE
Explanation The given correct answer is "ACQUISITIVE STAGE." This stage, according to Schaie's Stages of Adult Thinking, includes childhood and adolescence and focuses on the acquisition of information. During this stage, individuals are actively seeking knowledge and learning new skills. They are curious and eager to explore the world around them, gathering information and developing a foundation for future growth and development. This stage is crucial for building a solid knowledge base that will support individuals in later stages of adult thinking.
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8.
As part of Schaies’s Stages of Adult Thinking, this stage is the period in middle adulthood when people take a broader perspective than earlier, including concerns about the world.
A.
ACQUISITIVE STAGE
B.
ACHIEVING STAGE
C.
RESPONSIBLE STAGE
D.
EXECUTIVE STAGE
E.
REINTEGRATIVE STAGE
Correct Answer
D. EXECUTIVE STAGE
Explanation In Schaie's Stages of Adult Thinking, the executive stage is the period in middle adulthood when people take a broader perspective than earlier, including concerns about the world. This stage is characterized by individuals being able to think critically, make decisions, and take on leadership roles. They are able to integrate their knowledge and experiences and use them to solve complex problems. This stage represents a higher level of cognitive development and a greater understanding of the world and one's place in it.
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9.
As part of Schaies’s Stages of Adult Thinking, this stage is where the major concerns of middle-aged adults relate to their personal situations, including protecting and nourishing their spouses, families, and careers.
A.
ACQUISITIVE STAGE
B.
ACHIEVING STAGE
C.
RESPONSIBLE STAGE
D.
EXECUTIVE STAGE
E.
REINTEGRATIVE STAGE
Correct Answer
C. RESPONSIBLE STAGE
Explanation In Schaie's Stages of Adult Thinking, the responsible stage is where middle-aged adults focus on their personal situations, such as taking care of their spouses, families, and careers. This stage is characterized by a sense of responsibility and a desire to protect and nourish their loved ones. It is a time when individuals prioritize their responsibilities and make decisions based on their obligations to their family and work life.
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10.
As part of Schaies’s Stages of Adult Thinking, this stage is the period of late adulthood during which the focus is on tasks that have personal meaning.
A.
ACQUISITIVE STAGE
B.
ACHIEVING STAGE
C.
RESPONSIBLE STAGE
D.
EXECUTIVE STAGE
E.
REINTEGRATIVE STAGE
Correct Answer
E. REINTEGRATIVE STAGE
Explanation The correct answer is the Reintegrative Stage. This stage of Schaie's Stages of Adult Thinking is characterized by a focus on tasks that have personal meaning. In late adulthood, individuals may prioritize activities that bring them fulfillment and a sense of purpose. This stage is often associated with reflection, self-discovery, and the pursuit of personal interests and relationships.
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11.
As part of Schaies’s Stages of Adult Thinking, this stage is the point reached by young adults in which intelligence is applied to specific situations involving the attainment of long-term goals regarding careers, family, and societal contributions.
A.
ACQUISITIVE STAGE
B.
ACHIEVING STAGE
C.
RESPONSIBLE STAGE
D.
EXECUTIVE STAGE
E.
REINTEGRATIVE STAGE
Correct Answer
B. ACHIEVING STAGE
Explanation The correct answer is the Achieving Stage. This stage is described as the point reached by young adults where they apply their intelligence to specific situations related to long-term goals such as careers, family, and societal contributions. This stage is characterized by individuals actively working towards achieving their goals and making progress in various aspects of their lives.
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12.
The response to events that threaten or challenge an individual.
A.
Coping
B.
Fight-or-Flight Response
C.
Stress
D.
Responsible Stage
Correct Answer
C. Stress
Explanation Stress refers to the response an individual experiences when faced with events that are perceived as threatening or challenging. It is a natural reaction that triggers a range of physiological and psychological changes in the body. These changes are designed to help the individual cope with the situation at hand. Stress can manifest in various ways, such as increased heart rate, heightened alertness, and feelings of anxiety. It is important to manage and cope with stress effectively to maintain overall well-being.
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13.
The assessment of whether one's coping abilities and resources are adequate to overcome the harm, threat, or challenge posed by the potential stressor.
A.
Primary Appraisal
B.
Secondary Appraisal
C.
Third Appraisal
D.
Fourth Apraisal
Correct Answer
B. Secondary Appraisal
Explanation Secondary appraisal refers to the assessment of whether one's coping abilities and resources are adequate to overcome the harm, threat, or challenge posed by the potential stressor. In other words, it involves evaluating one's ability to deal with the stressor and determining if they have the necessary resources and skills to effectively cope with it. This appraisal comes after the primary appraisal, which involves evaluating the significance and meaning of the stressor. Secondary appraisal focuses more on the individual's perception of their ability to handle the stressor, making it the correct answer in this context.
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14.
The effort to reduce or tolerate the threats that lead to stress.
A.
Stress
B.
Social Support
C.
Coping
D.
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Correct Answer
C. Coping
Explanation Coping refers to the effort made by individuals to reduce or tolerate the threats that lead to stress. It involves the strategies and techniques used to manage and deal with stressful situations. Coping mechanisms can vary from person to person and may include problem-solving, seeking social support, or engaging in relaxation techniques. By effectively coping with stress, individuals can minimize its negative impact on their physical and mental well-being.
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15.
What is the theory called which Sternberg suggests that intelligence is made up of three major components?
A.
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
B.
Triarchic Theory of Intellectual Capabilities
C.
Coping
D.
Experiential Intelligence
Correct Answer
A. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Explanation The theory called "Triarchic Theory of Intelligence" is suggested by Sternberg, which states that intelligence is composed of three major components. These components are analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence. Analytical intelligence refers to problem-solving and logical reasoning abilities, creative intelligence involves thinking creatively and generating new ideas, and practical intelligence involves applying knowledge and skills in real-life situations. This theory suggests that intelligence is not a single, fixed trait but rather a combination of various cognitive abilities.
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16.
Refers to the relationship between intelligence, people's prior experience, and their ability to cope with new situations.
A.
COMPONENTIAL INTELLIGENCE
B.
EXPERIENTIAL INTELLIGENCE
C.
CONTEXTUAL INTELLIGENCE
Correct Answer
B. EXPERIENTIAL INTELLIGENCE
Explanation Experiential intelligence refers to the ability of individuals to use their past experiences and knowledge to navigate and adapt to new situations. It involves drawing on one's prior experiences and applying them in novel contexts, allowing individuals to learn from their past and effectively cope with new challenges. This type of intelligence is crucial in problem-solving, decision-making, and overall adaptability in various domains of life.
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17.
Relates to the mental components involved in analyzing data, and in solving problems, especially problems involving rational behavior (traditional IQ tests focus on this aspect).
A.
COMPONENTIAL INTELLIGENCE
B.
EXPERIENTIAL INTELLIGENCE
C.
CONTEXTUAL INTELLIGENCE
Correct Answer
A. COMPONENTIAL INTELLIGENCE
Explanation Componential intelligence refers to the mental components involved in analyzing data and solving problems, particularly those related to rational behavior. This type of intelligence is often measured in traditional IQ tests, which focus on logical reasoning, analytical thinking, and problem-solving skills. It involves the ability to break down complex information, identify patterns, and make rational decisions based on evidence and logical reasoning. Componential intelligence is essential for tasks that require critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.
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18.
Involves the degree of success people demonstrate in facing the demands of their everyday, real-world environments. It is intelligence that is learned primarily by observing others and modeling their behavior, also called practical intelliegence.
A.
COMPONENTIAL INTELLIGENCE
B.
EXPERIENTIAL INTELLIGENCE
C.
CONTEXTUAL INTELLIGENCE
Correct Answer
C. CONTEXTUAL INTELLIGENCE
Explanation The given correct answer is "CONTEXTUAL INTELLIGENCE". This type of intelligence involves the degree of success people demonstrate in facing the demands of their everyday, real-world environments. It is intelligence that is learned primarily by observing others and modeling their behavior, also called practical intelligence.
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19.
The assessment of an event to determine whether its implications are positive, negative, or neutral.
A.
Primary Appraisal
B.
Secondary Appraisal
C.
Third Appraisal
D.
Fourth Appraisal
Correct Answer
A. Primary Appraisal
Explanation Primary appraisal refers to the initial evaluation of an event to determine its significance and potential impact on one's well-being. It involves assessing whether the event is positive, negative, or neutral. This appraisal helps individuals understand the potential consequences of the event and guides their emotional and behavioral responses. It is the first step in the cognitive appraisal process, which plays a crucial role in shaping one's emotional experience and coping strategies. Secondary appraisal, on the other hand, involves evaluating one's resources and abilities to cope with the event. Third and fourth appraisals are not recognized terms in the context of event appraisal.
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20.
Erikson regards young adulthood as the time of the ___________________________, which is the period of postadolescence into the early 30s that focuses on developing close relationships with others.
A.
INTIMACY-VERSUS-FRIENDSHIP STAGE
B.
INTIMACY-VERSUS-ISOLATION STAGE
C.
AUTONOMY-VERSUS-SHAME-AND-DOUBT STAGE
D.
FRIENDSHIP-VERSUS-ISOLATION STAGE
Correct Answer
B. INTIMACY-VERSUS-ISOLATION STAGE
Explanation Erikson regards young adulthood as the time of the INTIMACY-VERSUS-ISOLATION STAGE, which is the period of postadolescence into the early 30s that focuses on developing close relationships with others. During this stage, individuals seek to form deep and meaningful connections with others, both romantically and platonically. They strive to establish intimate relationships based on trust, love, and commitment, while also balancing their need for independence and maintaining their own identity. This stage is crucial for the development of healthy relationships and a sense of belonging and fulfillment in adulthood.
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21.
Robert Sternberg's ________________ hypothesizes that love is made up of three components:
A.
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
B.
Intimacy Theory of Love
C.
Romantic Theory of Love
D.
Triangular Theory of Love
Correct Answer
D. Triangular Theory of Love
Explanation The Triangular Theory of Love, proposed by Robert Sternberg, suggests that love is composed of three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. According to this theory, the combination and balance of these three elements determine the type and quality of love experienced in a relationship. Intimacy refers to emotional closeness and connection, passion involves physical and sexual attraction, and commitment represents the decision to maintain the relationship. This theory provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the complexity and dynamics of love relationships.
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22.
The following are ALL components of the Triangular Theory of Love BUT....
A.
The Intimacy Component
B.
The Commitment Component
C.
The Belonging Component
D.
The Passion Component
Correct Answer
C. The Belonging Component
Explanation The correct answer is the Belonging Component. The Triangular Theory of Love, developed by psychologist Robert Sternberg, consists of three components: Intimacy, Passion, and Commitment. These components form the vertices of a triangle, with different combinations leading to different types of love. The Belonging Component is not a part of this theory, and therefore, it is not included as one of the components of the Triangular Theory of Love.
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23.
How many combinations of love are formed in the Triangular Theory of Love, and which of the following is it?
Explanation The Triangular Theory of Love proposes that there are eight different combinations of love. These combinations include Nonlove, Liking, Infatuation, Empty Love, Romantic Love, Companionate Love, Fatuous Love, and Consumate Love.
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24.
Which theory proposes that relationships proceed in a fixed order of three stages: stimulus, value, and role.
A.
Stimulus-Vague-Role Theory
B.
Saturation-Value-Role Theory
C.
Stimulus-Value-Role Theory
D.
Stimulus-Value-Retake Theory
Correct Answer
C. Stimulus-Value-Role Theory
Explanation The correct answer is Stimulus-Value-Role Theory. This theory suggests that relationships progress through three stages. The first stage is the stimulus stage, where individuals are attracted to each other based on physical or social characteristics. The second stage is the value stage, where individuals determine if they share similar beliefs, attitudes, and interests. The final stage is the role stage, where individuals establish specific roles and expectations within the relationship. This theory implies that relationships develop in a specific order, with each stage building upon the previous one.
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25.
This stage in the Stimulus-Value-Role Theory occurs between the second and seventh encounter and is characterized by increasing similarity of values and beliefs.
A.
Stimulus Stage
B.
Value Stage
C.
Role Stage
Correct Answer
B. Value Stage
Explanation The value stage in the Stimulus-Value-Role Theory occurs between the second and seventh encounter. During this stage, individuals start to develop a deeper understanding of each other's values and beliefs. They begin to realize that they share common interests and perspectives, leading to a stronger connection and compatibility. This stage is crucial in building a strong foundation for a relationship as it helps in establishing a sense of mutual understanding and compatibility.
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26.
This stage in the Stimulus-Value-Role Theory is when relationships are built on surface, physical characteristics such as the way a person looks.
A.
Stimulus Stage
B.
Value Stage
C.
Role Stage
Correct Answer
A. Stimulus Stage
Explanation The correct answer is Stimulus Stage. In the Stimulus-Value-Role Theory, the first stage is the Stimulus Stage. This stage is characterized by building relationships based on surface, physical characteristics such as appearance. It is the initial phase where individuals are attracted to each other based on external factors before moving onto deeper levels of connection in subsequent stages.
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27.
This stage in the Stimulus-Value-Role Theory is built on specific roles played by the participants (e.g. boyfriend/ girlfriend).
A.
Stimulus Stage
B.
Value Stage
C.
Role Stage
Correct Answer
C. Role Stage
Explanation The role stage in the Stimulus-Value-Role Theory is the stage where specific roles are played by the participants, such as boyfriend/girlfriend. This stage focuses on the development and negotiation of specific roles within the relationship. It involves the establishment of expectations, responsibilities, and behaviors associated with these roles. In this stage, individuals define their roles and responsibilities within the relationship and work towards aligning their expectations and behaviors accordingly.
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28.
People often marry according to the principle of _________, or the tendency to marry someone who is similar in age, race, education, religion, and other basic demographic characteristics.
A.
Monogamy
B.
Homogamy
C.
Compatibility
D.
Marriage Gradient
Correct Answer
B. Homogamy
Explanation Homogamy refers to the principle of marrying someone who is similar in age, race, education, religion, and other basic demographic characteristics. This means that individuals tend to choose partners who share similar backgrounds and characteristics, leading to greater compatibility and understanding in a marriage.
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29.
The tendency for men to marry women who are slightly younger, smaller, and lower in status, and for women to marry men who are slightly older, larger, and higher in status.
A.
Homogamy
B.
Monogamy
C.
Compatbility
D.
Marriage Gradient
Correct Answer
D. Marriage Gradient
Explanation Marriage gradient refers to the tendency for men to marry women who are slightly younger, smaller, and lower in status, and for women to marry men who are slightly older, larger, and higher in status. This pattern is observed in many societies and can be attributed to various factors such as societal norms, gender roles, and evolutionary psychology. The concept of marriage gradient highlights the preference for certain characteristics in a partner that align with traditional gender expectations and social hierarchies.
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30.
According to Phillip Shaver, this type of attachment style is when adults tend to become overly invested in relationships, have repeated break-ups with the same partner, and have relatively low self-esteem.
A.
Secure Attachment
B.
Avoidant Attachment
C.
Anxious-Avoidant Attachment
Correct Answer
C. Anxious-Avoidant Attachment
Explanation Anxious-Avoidant Attachment is the correct answer because it describes the attachment style where adults tend to become overly invested in relationships, have repeated break-ups with the same partner, and have relatively low self-esteem. This attachment style is characterized by a fear of intimacy and a desire for independence, leading to a push-pull dynamic in relationships. Individuals with this attachment style often struggle with trust and have difficulty forming and maintaining stable relationships.
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31.
According to Phillip Shaver, this type of attachment style is when adults readily enter into relationships and feel happy and confident about the future of the relationship
A.
Secure Attachment
B.
Avoidant Attachment
C.
Anxious-Avoidant Attachment
Correct Answer
A. Secure Attachment
Explanation Secure attachment is a type of attachment style in which adults feel comfortable and confident in their relationships. They are able to enter into relationships easily and have a positive outlook on the future of the relationship. This means that they are able to trust and rely on their partners, and they feel secure in the relationship. They are not overly anxious or avoidant, but rather have a healthy and balanced approach to relationships.
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32.
According to Phillip Shaver, this type of attachment style is when adults tend to be less invested in relationships, have higher break-up rates, and often feel lonely.
A.
Secure Attachment
B.
Avoidant Attachment
C.
Anxious-Avoidant Attachment
Correct Answer
B. Avoidant Attachment
Explanation Avoidant attachment refers to a type of attachment style where adults tend to be less invested in relationships, have higher break-up rates, and often feel lonely. This attachment style is characterized by individuals who are emotionally distant, avoid closeness, and have difficulty trusting others. They may have a fear of intimacy and tend to prioritize independence over emotional connection. This can result in difficulties forming and maintaining healthy relationships, leading to feelings of loneliness and higher rates of relationship breakdown.
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