Chapter 9 - Lifespan Development
From Foundations of Nursing (6th Ed) by Christensen and Kockrow, pages 180-217. For any questions and other trial tests similar to this, please email arnoldjr2@gmail. Com
- 1.
Number of years an individual will live based on the average for others with similar characteristics
- A.
Mortality
- B.
Life expectancy
- C.
Morbidity
- D.
Death rate
Correct Answer
B. Life expectancyExplanation
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- 2.
The number of deaths before the first year of life
- A.
Death rate
- B.
Infant mortality rate
- C.
Infant morbidity rate
- D.
Demographics
Correct Answer
B. Infant mortality rateExplanation
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- 3.
Development is a lifelong process that begins at ____________, the beginning of pregnancy, and ends with ___________.
- A.
Meiosis, old age
- B.
0 month, 100 years old
- C.
Sexual intercourse, a funeral
- D.
Conception (fertilization), death
Correct Answer
D. Conception (fertilization), deathExplanation
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- 4.
Which of the following principles of growth and development (G&D) is not true?
- A.
G&D proceeds at a highly individualized rate that varies from person to person. Do not expect two people to react in the same manner to the same stimuli
- B.
G&D are continuous and interdependent processes characterized by spurts of growth and periods of rest
- C.
G&D proceed from the simple to the complex in a predictable sequence
- D.
G&D vary for specific structures at specific times. IN other words, not all organs grow and develop at the same rate; for example, the ovaries in the female and the testes in the male do not mature until puberty
- E.
G&D are sequential stages that involve a person in segments of his chronological age. The person grows physically, socially, mentally, and emotionally.
Correct Answer
E. G&D are sequential stages that involve a person in segments of his chronological age. The person grows pHysically, socially, mentally, and emotionally.Explanation
p. 182 - G&D are a total process that involves the whole person. The person grows physically, socially, mentally, and emotionally.Rate this question:
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- 5.
In relation to chromosomes, what is the difference between a sperm and an ovum?
- A.
Ovum always carries a Y chromosome. Sperm sometimes carries both X and Y chromosome. The presence of X chromosome in the sperm that fertilizes the ovum means that the baby will be male
- B.
Sperm always carries a X chromosome. Ovum sometimes carries both X and Y chromosome. The presence of Y chromosome in the sperm that fertilizes the ovum means that the baby will be male
- C.
Ovum always carries an X chromosome. Sperm sometimes carries both X and Y chromosome. The presence of Y chromosome in the sperm that fertilizes the ovum means that the baby will be male
- D.
Zygotes always carries an X chromosome. Embryos sometimes carries both X and Y chromosome. The presence of Y chromosome in the sperm that fertilizes the ovum means that the baby will be male
Correct Answer
C. Ovum always carries an X chromosome. Sperm sometimes carries both X and Y chromosome. The presence of Y chromosome in the sperm that fertilizes the ovum means that the baby will be maleExplanation
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- 6.
What does smoking do to pregnancy? Select all that apply:
- A.
5 to 25% of unfavorable outcomes of pregnancy is because of smoking
- B.
Nicotine has been found out the cause of infant bone deformity
- C.
It is suggested that smoking increases the incidence of low birth weight babies
- D.
Smoking leaves intractable stain in the infants lungs
Correct Answer(s)
A. 5 to 25% of unfavorable outcomes of pregnancy is because of smoking
C. It is suggested that smoking increases the incidence of low birth weight babiesExplanation
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- 7.
Basic functions of a family include the following: Select all that apply
- A.
Protection
- B.
Nurturance
- C.
Education
- D.
Sustenance
- E.
Socialization
Correct Answer(s)
A. Protection
B. Nurturance
C. Education
D. Sustenance
E. SocializationExplanation
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- 8.
Causes of family stress. Select all that apply
- A.
Chronic illness
- B.
Working mothers
- C.
Abuse
- D.
Divorce
- E.
Birthday parties and first communion
Correct Answer(s)
A. Chronic illness
B. Working mothers
C. Abuse
D. DivorceExplanation
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- 9.
Common signs of stress in children. Select all that apply:
- A.
Mood swings, acting out behavior
- B.
Change in eating or sleeping patterns
- C.
Frequent stomach aches, headaches or other unexplained somatic complaints
- D.
Excessive clinging to parents
- E.
Thumb-sucking, bed wetting; regression to an early stage of development
Correct Answer(s)
A. Mood swings, acting out behavior
B. Change in eating or sleeping patterns
C. Frequent stomach aches, headaches or other unexplained somatic complaints
D. Excessive clinging to parents
E. Thumb-sucking, bed wetting; regression to an early stage of developmentExplanation
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- 10.
According to Piaget, which stage develops thinking and goal directed behevior
- A.
Sensorimotor
- B.
Preoperational
- C.
Concrete operational
- D.
Formal operational
Correct Answer
A. SensorimotorExplanation
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- 11.
Based on Piaget's theory, which group develops more logical and intuitive thinking?
- A.
Sensorimotor
- B.
Preoperational
- C.
Concrete operational
- D.
Formal operational
Correct Answer
B. PreoperationalExplanation
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- 12.
Based on Piaget's theory, which group recognizes cause and effect relationships?
- A.
Sensorimotor
- B.
Preoperational
- C.
Concrete operational
- D.
Formal operational
Correct Answer
C. Concrete operationalExplanation
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- 13.
According to Piaget's theory, this group focuses on a single aspect of an object, producing some distortion of reality. They also gain an imaginative ability. And gradually begins to become less egocentric and understands other points of view.
- A.
Sensorimotor
- B.
Preoperational
- C.
Concrete operational
- D.
Formal operational
Correct Answer
B. PreoperationalExplanation
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- 14.
Piaget claims that according to his theory, this group learns to identify behavior outcome and understands basic ideas of conversation, number classification, and other concrete ideas:
- A.
Sensorimotor
- B.
Preoperational
- C.
Concrete operational
- D.
Formal operational
Correct Answer
C. Concrete operationalExplanation
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- 15.
What is the pattern of growth from 1 month to a year?
- A.
First Cephalocaudal, then proximodistal
- B.
First proximodistal, the cephalocaudal
- C.
First lateral, then parenteral
- D.
First the bones, then the skin
Correct Answer
A. First CepHalocaudal, then proximodistalExplanation
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- 16.
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about an infant's weight growth?
- A.
The infant usually doubles his or her birth weight by 4 to 6 months
- B.
By the time the baby is 1 year old, his weight has tripled.
- C.
Infant is expected to gain about 1.5 pounds per month until 5 months
- D.
Most of the weight gain in the first month of life is fat
- E.
After 8 months, weight gain includes water retention
Correct Answer
E. After 8 months, weight gain includes water retentionExplanation
p. 189 After 8 months, weight gain includes more bone and muscleRate this question:
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- 17.
How does Erikson define the task of the infant?
- A.
Work vs rest
- B.
Industry vs guilt
- C.
Basic trust vs mistrust
- D.
Play vs learn
Correct Answer
C. Basic trust vs mistrustExplanation
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- 18.
The following statements pertain to the intellectual and developmental growth of an infant. Select all that apply
- A.
The infant uses senses to learn about self and environment
- B.
Infant learns by exploration of objects and events and by interaction
- C.
Piaget describes the infant as being in the SENSORIMOTOR stage
- D.
The infant develops an image or schema and assimilates and interprets the information.
- E.
Beginning at 8 months, infants show anxiety when they are separated from their primary caregiver; by 9 months most children will show alarm at the presence of a stranger.
Correct Answer(s)
A. The infant uses senses to learn about self and environment
B. Infant learns by exploration of objects and events and by interaction
C. Piaget describes the infant as being in the SENSORIMOTOR stage
D. The infant develops an image or schema and assimilates and interprets the information.
E. Beginning at 8 months, infants show anxiety when they are separated from their primary caregiver; by 9 months most children will show alarm at the presence of a stranger.Explanation
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- 19.
Studies on children ages 5 to 30 months who had good attachment relationships showed that they experienced a predictable behavior pattern following separation. What is t?
- A.
Isolation
- B.
Abandonment
- C.
Separation anxiety
- D.
Mistrust
Correct Answer
C. Separation anxietyExplanation
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- 20.
Which of the following statements on infant nutrition is not true?
- A.
Breast milk or formula is the only food most babies need until they are about 4 to 6 months
- B.
Newborns should be fed when hungry
- C.
Signs of overfeeding include vomiting and watery stools
- D.
Signs of underfeeding includes permanent wrinkling of the skin
Correct Answer
D. Signs of underfeeding includes permanent wrinkling of the skinExplanation
p. 191 - Signs of underfeeding includes persistent wrinkling of the skinRate this question:
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- 21.
During the first 6 months, there are certain foods that need to be avoided since they are mostly identified as allergy-producing substances. All of the food below should be avoided except for what?
- A.
Citrus fruits
- B.
Egg whites
- C.
Milk
- D.
Wheat flour
Correct Answer
C. MilkExplanation
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- 22.
Which of the following are applicable rules for infants with regards to solid foods. Select all that apply:
- A.
Introduce only one new food at a time, allowing several days between new foods
- B.
Introduce cereals first, fruits and vegetables next, and meats last
- C.
Avoid mixing foods to allow the infant to develop interest in different foods and tastes.
- D.
Full term infants need an iron supplement in their diet
Correct Answer(s)
A. Introduce only one new food at a time, allowing several days between new foods
B. Introduce cereals first, fruits and vegetables next, and meats last
C. Avoid mixing foods to allow the infant to develop interest in different foods and tastes.Explanation
p. 191 Full term infants have enough stored iron to last for at least 5 to 6 months of age.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Infants do not require additional fluids, especially water or juice, during the first 4 months of life.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
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- 24.
By age 8 to 9 months, most babies master eating mashed or junior foods. By 9 months, suggest using a training cup and begin the process of weaning
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
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- 25.
Sleep patterns of newborns and infants. Select all that apply:
- A.
Newborns and infants sleep 18 hours out of 24. They consist of short nap-like periods
- B.
It is normal for an infant to make noises during this period
- C.
By the end of the first year, infant will usually sleep 12 hours at night and take one nap during the day
- D.
Formerly known as crib death, sudden infant death syndromes (SIDS) appears to peak 12 to 24 months after birth
Correct Answer(s)
A. Newborns and infants sleep 18 hours out of 24. They consist of short nap-like periods
B. It is normal for an infant to make noises during this period
C. By the end of the first year, infant will usually sleep 12 hours at night and take one nap during the dayExplanation
p. 192 - Formerly known as crib death, sudden infant death syndromes (SIDS) appears to peak 2 to 3 months after birthRate this question:
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- 26.
Steps that reduce the incidence of SIDS. Select all that apply
- A.
Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke, avoid using soft bedding or pillows
- B.
Place infants on their side to sleep
- C.
Keep room well ventilated
- D.
Breast feed if possible
Correct Answer(s)
A. Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke, avoid using soft bedding or pillows
C. Keep room well ventilated
D. Breast feed if possibleExplanation
p. 192 - Place infants on their back to sleepRate this question:
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- 27.
What is the leading cause of injury and death in infants and young children ?
- A.
Food poisoning
- B.
Accidents
- C.
Stupid parents
- D.
Violence
Correct Answer
B. AccidentsExplanation
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- 28.
What is the pattern of growth among toddlers from 1 to 3 years of age? Select all that apply:
- A.
Proceeds from head to foot
- B.
From the center outward
- C.
From bone to skin
- D.
From general to specific movements
Correct Answer(s)
A. Proceeds from head to foot
B. From the center outward
D. From general to specific movementsExplanation
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- 29.
Children do not reach the physiologic or psychological maturity necessary to begin toilet training until what age?
- A.
24 to 36 months
- B.
18 to 24 months
- C.
6 to 12 months
- D.
12 to 18 months
Correct Answer
B. 18 to 24 monthsExplanation
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- 30.
Psychosocial traits of a toddler (1 to 3 years old). Select all that apply:
- A.
Uninhibited, energetic, seeking attention, approval and achievment
- B.
Erickson sees toddler as struggling with autonomy (self-control) in opposition to shame and doubt.
- C.
Temper tantrums are common
- D.
The toddler's concept of time is unlimited
Correct Answer(s)
A. Uninhibited, energetic, seeking attention, approval and achievment
B. Erickson sees toddler as struggling with autonomy (self-control) in opposition to shame and doubt.
C. Temper tantrums are commonExplanation
p. 194 - The toddler's concept of time is not limited to the presentRate this question:
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