Chapter Five Quiz: Obtaining Energy And Nutrients For Life
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
All heterotrophic organisms contain chloroplasts and are capable of carrying out photosynthesis.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because not all heterotrophic organisms contain chloroplasts and are capable of carrying out photosynthesis. Heterotrophic organisms, by definition, obtain their energy by consuming other organisms or organic matter. They do not have the ability to produce their own food through photosynthesis, which is the process carried out by autotrophic organisms that possess chloroplasts.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The dentition of the skull below would indicate the animal is a ...
- A.
Carnivore
- B.
Herbivore
- C.
Gnawing animal
- D.
Omnivore
Correct Answer
A. CarnivoreExplanation
The dentition of the skull indicates that the animal is a carnivore. Carnivores typically have sharp, pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and cutting meat. They have large canine teeth for gripping and killing prey, as well as sharp premolars and molars for slicing through flesh. This type of dentition is well-suited for consuming a diet primarily composed of meat.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Choose the best definition for digestion.
- A.
The net movement of monomers across a plasma membrane
- B.
Chemical breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller units that can pass across plasma membranes
- C.
The release of enzymes to break down large organic molecules into their sub-units
- D.
The absorption of nutrients
Correct Answer
B. Chemical breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller units that can pass across plasma membranesExplanation
Digestion is the process of breaking down large organic molecules into smaller units that can be easily absorbed and pass through plasma membranes. This involves the use of enzymes to chemically break down complex molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into their simpler forms, such as monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids. These smaller units can then be absorbed and utilized by cells for energy and other metabolic processes.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Enzymes important in digestion include:
- A.
Pepsin in the duodenum
- B.
Bile in the small intestine
- C.
Maltases in the large intestine
- D.
Amylases in salvia
Correct Answer
D. Amylases in salviaExplanation
Amylases are enzymes that break down carbohydrates into smaller molecules, such as sugars. Saliva contains amylases that begin the process of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth. These enzymes break down starches into simpler sugars, preparing them for further digestion in the small intestine. Therefore, the presence of amylases in saliva is important for the initial breakdown of carbohydrates during digestion.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Amino acids, glucose, fructose, galactose, glycerol and fatty acids are absorbed across villi in the large intestine.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is incorrect. Amino acids, glucose, fructose, galactose, glycerol, and fatty acids are not absorbed across villi in the large intestine. Instead, they are absorbed in the small intestine. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, while the small intestine is responsible for the absorption of nutrients.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What conditions do pepsin need to work at its optimum?
- A.
PH 7 and temperature of 37 degrees Celsius
- B.
PH 6.5 and temperature of 25 degrees Celsius
- C.
PH 14 and temperature of 37 degrees Celsius
- D.
PH 2 and temperature of 37 degrees Celsius
Correct Answer
D. pH 2 and temperature of 37 degrees CelsiusExplanation
Pepsin is an enzyme that functions in the stomach to break down proteins. It works best in an acidic environment with a low pH, which is why it needs a pH of 2 to work at its optimum. Additionally, pepsin is most active at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius, which is the normal body temperature. Therefore, the combination of pH 2 and a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius provides the optimal conditions for pepsin to carry out its enzymatic function effectively.Rate this question:
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- 7.
When there is no food in the small intestine, bile moves from the bile duct into the gall bladder where it is stored and concentrated.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Bile is produced by the liver and helps in the digestion and absorption of fats. When there is no food in the small intestine, the bile moves from the bile duct into the gall bladder. The gall bladder acts as a storage organ for bile, where it is concentrated and stored until it is needed for digestion. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Where would the following structure be found and what is its role?
- A.
Trachea and to trap dust particles
- B.
The jejunum and to increase the surface area of nutrient absorption
- C.
The stomach and the secretion of gastic juice
- D.
Large intestine and to increase the surface area of water absorption
Correct Answer
B. The jejunum and to increase the surface area of nutrient absorption -
- 9.
Mammals that have a modified of the oesophagus and stomach are called:
- A.
Hindgut
- B.
Foregut
- C.
Omnivore
- D.
Herbivore
Correct Answer
B. ForegutExplanation
Mammals that have a modified oesophagus and stomach are called foregut fermenters. This adaptation allows them to efficiently digest plant material by fermenting it in their enlarged foregut before it reaches the main stomach. Examples of foregut fermenters include cows, sheep, and deer. This modification enables these mammals to extract more nutrients from their diet, which is particularly important for herbivores that consume plant material that is difficult to digest.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The following digestive system would be classified as a hindgut fermenter:
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
A hindgut fermenter is an animal that has a specialized digestive system where fermentation of plant material occurs in the hindgut, specifically the large intestine. This fermentation process allows for the breakdown of complex carbohydrates into simpler compounds that can be absorbed by the animal. Horses are an example of hindgut fermenters, as they have a large cecum and colon where fermentation takes place. Therefore, the statement "The following digestive system would be classified as a hindgut fermenter: True" is correct.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Carnivores have relatively short alimentary canals compared with those of herbivores.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Carnivores have relatively short alimentary canals compared to herbivores because their diet consists mainly of meat, which is easier to digest and requires less time to break down. Herbivores, on the other hand, have longer alimentary canals to aid in the digestion of plant material, which is more difficult to break down and requires more time for the nutrients to be extracted. This difference in alimentary canal length is an adaptation that allows carnivores to efficiently process their food and obtain the necessary nutrients.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The pancreas releases digestive enzymes into the alimentary canal just above the cardiac sphincter.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The pancreas releases digestive enzymes into the alimentary canal, but not just above the cardiac sphincter. The pancreatic enzymes are actually released into the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine, located just below the stomach. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What enzyme does saliva contain and what macromolecule does it break down?
- A.
Amylase and Protein
- B.
Amylase and Starch
- C.
Amylase and Fat
- D.
Pepsin and Protein
Correct Answer
B. Amylase and StarchExplanation
Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, which breaks down the macromolecule starch. Amylase is responsible for breaking down starch into smaller molecules such as maltose, which can then be further broken down by other enzymes in the digestive system. This process is important for the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the body.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Most of the fats that are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids are absorbed into blind extensions of the lymphatic system called lacteals.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because lacteals are specialized lymphatic capillaries found in the small intestine. They play a crucial role in the absorption of dietary fats. When fats are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids during digestion, they are absorbed by the lacteals and transported through the lymphatic system before eventually reaching the bloodstream. This process allows for efficient absorption and transportation of fats throughout the body.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is structure 17 called?
- A.
Liver
- B.
Caecum
- C.
Pancreas
- D.
Stomach
Correct Answer
D. StomachExplanation
Structure 17 is called the stomach.Rate this question:
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Oct 04, 2023Quiz Edited by
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May 31, 2012Quiz Created by
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