1.
The ____ connects the prenatal organism to the placenta.
Correct Answer
D. Umbilical Cord
Explanation
The umbilical cord is a flexible tube-like structure that connects the developing fetus to the placenta in the womb. It contains blood vessels that transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the fetus and the placenta. The umbilical cord is essential for the survival and development of the prenatal organism, as it provides the necessary nourishment and oxygen for growth.
2.
Which is not one of the two fun ctions of the amnitoic fluid?
Correct Answer
B. Helps to filter out carcenogens
Explanation
The amniotic fluid has two main functions: to keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant and to provide cushion against any jolts made by the mother's movement. It does not help to filter out carcinogens.
3.
Zygot four days after fertilization when it for ms ahollow fluid filled ball.
Correct Answer
A. Blastocyst
Explanation
After fertilization, the zygote undergoes several divisions and forms a hollow fluid-filled ball called a blastocyst. The blastocyst is an early stage of development in embryos of mammals, including humans. It consists of an outer layer of cells called the trophoblast, which later develops into the placenta, and an inner mass of cells called the embryoblast, which develops into the embryo itself. The blastocyst is an important stage in embryonic development as it marks the beginning of implantation into the uterine wall.
4.
___fluid keeps the temperature in the womb constant and provides a cushion against jolts
Correct Answer
D. Amniotic
Explanation
The amniotic fluid plays a crucial role in maintaining a stable temperature in the womb. It acts as a protective cushion, providing insulation and preventing sudden temperature changes that could harm the developing fetus. Additionally, the fluid acts as a shock absorber, protecting the baby from jolts or impacts that could potentially cause harm. Therefore, the correct answer is "Amniotic."
5.
Age of ______ age at which the fetus can survive if birthed.
Correct Answer
C. Viability
Explanation
Viability refers to the age at which a fetus is capable of surviving outside the womb if it is born. This typically occurs around 24 weeks of gestation, although it can vary depending on various factors such as the development of the lungs and other vital organs. Lanugo is fine hair that covers the fetus's body, neural refers to the nervous system, and cervix is the lower part of the uterus.
6.
THe prenatal organism from two to eight weeks after conception.
Correct Answer
A. Embryo
Explanation
During the prenatal stage, the period from two to eight weeks after conception is referred to as the embryonic stage. This is when the fertilized egg implants itself in the uterus and starts developing into a complex organism. During this time, the major organs and body systems begin to form, laying the foundation for the future development of the fetus. Therefore, the correct answer is "Embryo."
7.
Ring of cells which will become the structures that provide the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment to the new organism.
Correct Answer
B. TropHoblast
Explanation
The trophoblast is a ring of cells that forms during early development and eventually becomes the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment to the new organism. These structures include the placenta, which is responsible for exchanging nutrients and waste between the mother and the developing embryo. The trophoblast plays a crucial role in establishing a successful pregnancy and supporting the growth and development of the embryo.
8.
White cheeselike substance that covers the fetus and prevents chapping
Correct Answer
D. Vernix
Explanation
Vernix is a white cheeselike substance that covers the fetus and prevents chapping. It is a protective coating that develops on the skin of the fetus during pregnancy. Vernix acts as a moisturizer and lubricant, keeping the baby's skin hydrated and protected from the amniotic fluid. It also helps to regulate the temperature of the fetus and provides a barrier against infections. After birth, the vernix is usually present on the baby's skin and gradually gets absorbed or washed off.
9.
_____Tube, Primitive Spinal Cord
Correct Answer
A. Neural
Explanation
The given answer, "Neural," is correct because the question is asking for the term that belongs in the blank space. The options provided include "Neural," "Umbilical Cord," "Amnion," and "Placenta." Among these options, "Neural" is the only one that is related to the term "Tube" and "Primitive Spinal Cord." This suggests that the correct term to fill in the blank is "Neural," which refers to the nervous system or anything related to nerves.
10.
The blastocyst burrows deep into the uterine lining during _______
Correct Answer
A. Implantation
Explanation
During implantation, the blastocyst, which is the early stage of embryo development, attaches itself to the uterine lining. This is a crucial step in pregnancy as it allows the embryo to receive nutrients and oxygen from the mother's blood supply and establish a connection with the uterus. The blastocyst burrows deep into the uterine lining to ensure a secure attachment and proper development of the placenta, which will later provide nourishment and support to the growing fetus.
11.
Embryonic _____ is a cluster of cells inside the blastocyst which become the new organism
Correct Answer
A. Disk
12.
The prenatal organism from the ninth week to the end of the pregnancy
Correct Answer
A. Fetus
Explanation
The correct answer is Fetus. The term "fetus" refers to the prenatal organism from the ninth week until the end of the pregnancy. During this stage, the fetus undergoes significant growth and development, with all major organs and body systems forming. It is during this period that the fetus becomes more recognizable as a human being, with distinct features and movements. The term "fetus" is commonly used in medical and scientific contexts to describe this specific stage of prenatal development.
13.
Outer membrane that forms a protective covering and sends out villi from which the placenta emerges.
Correct Answer
C. Chorion
Explanation
The chorion is the outer membrane that forms a protective covering around the developing embryo and fetus. It is responsible for sending out villi, which are finger-like projections that help in the attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall. The chorion plays a crucial role in the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products between the mother and the developing baby.
14.
Separates the mother's bloodstream from that of the fetus while permittingthe exchange of nutrients and waste products.
Correct Answer
D. Placenta
Explanation
The placenta is a vital organ that develops during pregnancy and connects the mother's bloodstream to the fetus. It acts as a barrier, separating the mother's bloodstream from that of the fetus, ensuring that they do not mix. However, it also allows for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the fetus, providing the necessary nourishment for the growing baby and removing any waste products. Therefore, the placenta is responsible for maintaining a healthy environment for the fetus and facilitating the necessary exchanges for its growth and development.
15.
Membrane that encloses the developing organism in amniontic fluid.
Correct Answer
C. Amnion
Explanation
The correct answer is Amnion. The amnion is a membrane that surrounds and protects the developing organism in the amniotic fluid. It forms a fluid-filled sac that provides cushioning and support for the embryo or fetus. The amnion helps to regulate temperature, prevents dehydration, and allows for movement and growth.
16.
White downy hair that covers the fetus.
Correct Answer
B. Lanugo
Explanation
Lanugo is the correct answer because it refers to the fine, white downy hair that covers the fetus. This hair serves as insulation and helps to protect the fetus while it is developing in the womb. Lanugo typically begins to appear around the 20th week of gestation and is usually shed before birth.
17.
Environmental-_____ causes damage during the prenatal period.
Correct Answer
A. Teratogen
Explanation
Teratogens are substances or factors that can cause abnormalities or damage to the developing fetus during pregnancy. They can include certain medications, chemicals, infections, or environmental factors. In this context, the term "environmental-_____" suggests that the missing word is related to something in the environment that can cause harm during the prenatal period. Therefore, the correct answer is "Teratogen," as it specifically refers to substances or factors that can cause damage to the developing fetus.
18.
Fetal Alcohol___ causes Mental Retardation, slow growth and faceial abnormalities resulting from maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
Correct Answer
A. Syndrome
Explanation
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a condition that occurs when a pregnant woman consumes alcohol, which can lead to mental retardation, slow growth, and facial abnormalities in the developing fetus. This syndrome is a well-documented and recognized medical condition that is directly linked to alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
19.
German Measles
Correct Answer
B. Rubella
Explanation
Rubella, also known as German Measles, is the correct answer because it is the only disease listed that matches the given name. Diptheria, Chicken Pox, and Small Pox are different diseases altogether, while Rubella is the correct term for German Measles.
20.
Fetal Alcohol ___ Disorder : range of physical mental and behavioral outcomes caused by prenatal alcohol exposures
Correct Answer
C. Spectrum
Explanation
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder is the correct answer because it accurately describes the range of physical, mental, and behavioral outcomes that can occur as a result of prenatal alcohol exposure. The term "spectrum" suggests that there is a wide range of possible effects, varying from mild to severe, which aligns with the understanding of this disorder.
21.
Illness marked by increased maternal blood pressure and swelling of the face hands and feet
Correct Answer
A. Toxemia
Explanation
Toxemia is the correct answer because it is an illness characterized by increased maternal blood pressure and swelling of the face, hands, and feet. This condition typically occurs during pregnancy and can be dangerous if left untreated. Toxemia, also known as preeclampsia, can lead to complications for both the mother and the baby, including organ damage and restricted fetal growth. Therefore, it is important for pregnant women to receive proper medical care and monitoring to prevent and manage toxemia.
22.
Sedatives available in the early 1960s that caused deformities of the arms and legs when taken between the fourth and sixth week after conception
Correct Answer
C. Thalidimide
Explanation
Thalidomide was a sedative available in the early 1960s that caused deformities of the arms and legs when taken between the fourth and sixth week after conception. This drug was prescribed to pregnant women to alleviate morning sickness, but it was later discovered that it had severe teratogenic effects on developing fetuses. The use of thalidomide resulted in thousands of babies being born with limb deformities, leading to a worldwide scandal and ultimately the withdrawal of the drug from the market.
23.
Three equal periods of time in prenatal development
Correct Answer
A. Trimesters
Explanation
The correct answer is Trimesters because in prenatal development, the nine months of pregnancy are divided into three equal periods called trimesters. Each trimester lasts for about three months and represents different stages of fetal development. This division helps healthcare providers and expecting parents to track the progress of the pregnancy and monitor the health and growth of the baby.
24.
Parasitic disease caused by eathing raw or udercooked meat or thourgh contact with the feces of infected cats.
Correct Answer
C. Toxoplasmosis
Explanation
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease that can be caused by consuming raw or undercooked meat or by coming into contact with the feces of infected cats. It is not related to toxemia, anoxia, or ebola. Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii and can lead to flu-like symptoms, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes in healthy individuals. However, it can pose a serious risk to pregnant women and individuals with weakened immune systems.
25.
Alcohol related ____ disorder. The least severe form of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders that involves brain injury but with typical physical growth and absence of facial abnormalities
Correct Answer
C. Neuro Developmental
Explanation
The correct answer is "Neuro Developmental". This term refers to the least severe form of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, where there is brain injury but typical physical growth and no facial abnormalities. It suggests that the disorder is related to both neurological and developmental issues caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy.
26.
When present in the fetus blood but not in the mothers the ___ factor may cause the mother to build up antibodies that destropy the fetus' red blood cells.
Correct Answer
A. RH
Explanation
The RH factor refers to the presence or absence of a specific protein on the surface of red blood cells. If the fetus has the RH factor but the mother does not, the mother's immune system may recognize the fetus' red blood cells as foreign and produce antibodies against them. These antibodies can then cross the placenta and attack the fetus' red blood cells, leading to a condition known as hemolytic disease of the newborn.
27.
_____Fetal Alcohol Syndrome A form of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder characterized by facial abnormalities and brain injury but less severe than fetal alcohol syndrome usually seen in children whoese mothers drank alcohol in smaller quantities during pregnancy.
Correct Answer
C. Partial
Explanation
Partial is the correct answer because it describes a form of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that is less severe than fetal alcohol syndrome. This form is usually seen in children whose mothers drank alcohol in smaller quantities during pregnancy. It is characterized by facial abnormalities and brain injury, but the symptoms are not as severe as those seen in fetal alcohol syndrome.
28.
Viral infection that destroys the immune system.
Correct Answer
B. Aids
Explanation
AIDS is a viral infection that destroys the immune system. It is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which attacks and weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and diseases. This leads to a progressive failure of the immune system, ultimately resulting in AIDS.
29.
Fertilization usually takes place in the fallopian tubes
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Fertilization usually takes place in the fallopian tubes because this is where the sperm and egg meet. After sexual intercourse, the sperm travels through the cervix and into the uterus, then into the fallopian tubes. If an egg is present in the fallopian tube, it can be fertilized by the sperm. The fertilized egg then travels down the fallopian tube to the uterus for implantation and pregnancy to occur. Therefore, it is true that fertilization usually takes place in the fallopian tubes.
30.
As many as 50 % of the zygotes do not survive the first two weeks
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement claims that 50% of zygotes do not survive the first two weeks, but this is incorrect. Zygotes are the fertilized eggs that develop into embryos, and it is estimated that a significant percentage of zygotes do not successfully implant in the uterus and therefore do not develop further. However, it is not accurate to say that 50% of zygotes do not survive the first two weeks, as the actual percentage may vary and is not specified in the statement. Therefore, the correct answer is False.
31.
During the period of the fetus, the most rapid prenatal changes take place
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
During the period of the fetus, rapid prenatal changes have already taken place during the embryonic stage. The fetal stage is characterized by more gradual growth and development rather than rapid changes.
32.
Brain weight doubles fom teh 20th week until birth
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The given statement is false. Brain weight does not double from the 20th week until birth. While the brain does experience significant growth during this period, it does not double in weight. The brain undergoes rapid development throughout pregnancy, but its growth rate slows down in the later stages. By the time of birth, the brain has reached a substantial size, but it has not doubled in weight since the 20th week.
33.
The age of viability occures sometime between 22 and 26 weeks
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The age of viability refers to the point in pregnancy when a fetus has a chance of surviving outside the womb. It is generally considered to be around 22 to 26 weeks gestation. At this stage, the fetus has developed enough to potentially survive with medical intervention, although the chances of survival increase as the pregnancy progresses. Therefore, the statement that the age of viability occurs sometime between 22 and 26 weeks is true.
34.
The hight fetal activity in the last weeks of pregnancy predict a more passive infant in the first month of life
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement suggests that high fetal activity in the last weeks of pregnancy predicts a more passive infant in the first month of life. However, this is not true. Fetal activity in the womb does not necessarily correlate with the behavior of the infant after birth. The behavior of the infant is influenced by various factors, including genetics, environment, and individual temperament. Therefore, the statement is false.
35.
By 28 weeks fetuses are awake about 30 of time.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because by 28 weeks, fetuses are actually awake for about 90-95% of the time. This is because their sleep-wake cycles have become more established and they spend more time in an active state.
36.
Approx once every 28 days an ovum is released from one of a woman's two _____ and it travels through one of the two ___ which are long thin structures that leand to the uterus
Correct Answer
Ovaries Fallopian tubes
Explanation
Once every 28 days, an ovum is released from one of a woman's two ovaries and it travels through one of the two fallopian tubes, which are long thin structures that lead to the uterus.
37.
What is SIDS?
Correct Answer
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome- unexplainable death in infants
Explanation
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) refers to the unexplained death of infants, typically occurring during sleep. It is a tragic phenomenon that affects seemingly healthy babies, with no clear cause or explanation. SIDS remains a medical mystery, as extensive investigations often fail to identify a specific reason for these deaths. This condition is a major concern for parents and healthcare professionals, emphasizing the importance of safe sleep practices and reducing potential risk factors to minimize the occurrence of SIDS.
38.
Two functions of amniotic fluid.TemperatureProtection
39.
Ectoderm MesodermEndodermBrain spinal cord nerves skin nails hairHeart kidney bones muscles blood cells cartilgelines of lungs and digestive tract liver pancrease
40.
Parent to adjust to make room for kidsNew expectations from each partnerWomen look for more affectionMen look for more warmth
Correct Answer
Pregnancy changes marriage
Explanation
During pregnancy, both partners experience various physical and emotional changes, which can impact their relationship dynamics. The expectant mother may require additional support and understanding from her partner as her body undergoes significant changes. This may include adjustments in the household to accommodate the needs of the growing family. Additionally, both men and women may seek more emotional connection and affection from their partner during this time. Therefore, pregnancy can bring about new expectations and adjustments in a marriage, ultimately changing the dynamics of the relationship.
41.
May prepare infant for voluntary reaching
Correct Answer
B. Tonic Neck
Explanation
The Tonic Neck reflex, also known as the fencing reflex, occurs when a baby's head is turned to one side and their arm and leg on that side extend while the opposite arm and leg flex. This reflex helps prepare infants for voluntary reaching as it assists in developing their hand-eye coordination and motor skills. By turning their head to one side, the baby is able to extend their arm and reach for objects in that direction. This reflex is typically present in infants from birth to around 4-6 months of age.
42.
Helps infant find nipple
Correct Answer
B. Rooting
Explanation
Rooting is a reflex in newborns that helps them find the nipple for feeding. When the baby's cheek is touched or stroked, they turn their head in that direction and open their mouth in search of the nipple. This reflex is essential for the infant to locate and latch onto the breast or bottle for feeding. Sucking, Moro, and Babinski are other reflexes that are unrelated to the infant's ability to find the nipple.
43.
Permits feeding
Correct Answer
B. Sucking
Explanation
Sucking is the correct answer because it refers to the action of drawing in fluid or food through the mouth. This action is commonly observed in infants who breastfeed or bottle-feed. Sucking is an essential reflex for newborns as it allows them to consume nutrients and satisfy their hunger. It is a natural instinct that helps infants survive and thrive in their early stages of life.
44.
Help infant cling to mother
Correct Answer
A. Moro
Explanation
The Moro reflex is an instinctive response in infants that occurs when they feel a sudden loss of support or a loud noise. It is characterized by the infant spreading their arms wide and then bringing them back towards their body. This reflex helps the infant cling to their mother or caregiver for protection and support. It is an important survival mechanism that ensures the infant's safety and security.
45.
Newborns sleep 22 hrs a day
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Newborns do not sleep for 22 hours a day. While it is true that newborns sleep for a significant amount of time, the average newborn sleeps for around 16 to 17 hours a day. This sleep is often divided into multiple short periods throughout the day and night. As they grow, newborns gradually start to sleep for shorter periods and stay awake for longer stretches. Therefore, the statement that newborns sleep for 22 hours a day is false.
46.
Researchers believe that stimulation of REM sleep is vital for growth of te central nervous system.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Stimulation of REM sleep is believed to be vital for the growth of the central nervous system. During REM sleep, the brain is highly active and engaged in processes such as memory consolidation and learning. It is also during this stage that the brain experiences increased blood flow and oxygen supply, which are essential for the development and maintenance of the central nervous system. Therefore, it can be inferred that the statement is true.
47.
During Transition
Correct Answer
D. Frequency and strengh of contractions are at their peak
Explanation
During the transition phase of labor, the frequency and strength of contractions are at their peak. This is the most intense and challenging phase of labor, as the contractions become more frequent, longer, and stronger. This is necessary to help the baby descend further into the birth canal and eventually be pushed out. The transition phase is often characterized by intense pain and discomfort for the mother, but it is also a sign that the baby's arrival is imminent.
48.
Strong pain killing drug that blocks sensation
Correct Answer
anesthetic
Explanation
An anesthetic is a strong pain-killing drug that blocks sensation. It is used to numb a specific area of the body or induce a state of unconsciousness during surgery or medical procedures. Anesthetics work by interfering with the transmission of nerve signals, preventing the brain from receiving pain messages. This allows patients to undergo procedures without feeling pain or discomfort. Anesthetics can be administered topically, injected, or inhaled, depending on the type and purpose of the procedure.
49.
Inadequate oxygen supply
Correct Answer
Anoxia
Explanation
Anoxia refers to a condition where there is a complete lack of oxygen supply to the body or a specific organ. This can occur due to various reasons such as respiratory failure, heart attack, or suffocation. Inadequate oxygen supply can lead to anoxia, causing severe damage to the affected tissues and organs. This condition can have serious consequences and may result in brain damage, organ failure, or even death if not treated promptly.
50.
Climas of the first stage of labor, the frequency and stregnth of contractions peak
Correct Answer
transition
Explanation
During the first stage of labor, the frequency and strength of contractions gradually increase. However, during the transition phase, these contractions reach their peak in terms of both frequency and strength. This is the stage where the cervix fully dilates and prepares for the second stage of labor. Therefore, the answer "transition" accurately describes this specific phase of labor.