Civilization Begins In Mesopotamia

Cuneiform is the correct answer because it refers to the Sumerian "wedged-shaped" system of writing. Cuneiform was developed by the Sumerians in ancient Mesopotamia around 3500 BCE and was used for over 3,000 years. It involved using a stylus to make wedge-shaped impressions on clay tablets, representing various sounds and meanings. Cuneiform was one of the earliest known writing systems and played a crucial role in the development of human civilization.

Polytheistic is the correct answer because it refers to the belief in many gods. In polytheistic religions, such as ancient Greek or Hinduism, multiple deities are worshipped and believed to have control over different aspects of life. This is in contrast to monotheistic religions, which believe in only one god, and theocracy and patriarchal, which refer to different forms of government or social systems.

A stepped tower in the center of Sumerian society with a temple on top is called a ziggurat. Ziggurats were prominent structures in ancient Mesopotamian cities and served as religious and administrative centers. They were built with multiple levels or terraces, each smaller than the one below it, and were made of mud bricks. The temple on top of the ziggurat was dedicated to a specific deity and served as a place of worship and rituals. The ziggurat played a significant role in Sumerian society, symbolizing the connection between the earthly and the divine realms.

Hammurabi is remembered for his code or collection of laws for Mesopotamian society. This code, known as the Code of Hammurabi, was one of the earliest known legal systems and provided a set of guidelines and punishments for various crimes and social issues. It was significant because it established a sense of justice and fairness in society and influenced later legal systems. The code covered a wide range of topics including property rights, marriage and family law, trade and commerce, and labor rights. Hammurabi's code remains an important historical artifact that provides insights into ancient Mesopotamian society.

The correct answer is "Farming was the main economy of the time." This is because during the time in Sumer, agriculture was the primary economic activity. The fertile land and the availability of water from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers made farming a viable and profitable occupation. Other industries may not have been as developed or lucrative, and the lack of alternatives would have led the majority of the population to engage in farming as their main source of livelihood.

The Sumerians invented cuneiform. Cuneiform is one of the earliest known writing systems in the world, developed by the ancient civilization of Sumer in Mesopotamia. It consisted of wedge-shaped marks made on clay tablets using a stylus, and was used for various purposes such as record-keeping, administration, and literature. The invention of cuneiform by the Sumerians was a significant advancement in human history, as it allowed for the preservation and dissemination of information, and laid the foundation for future writing systems.

The correct answer is the Fertile Crescent. The Fertile Crescent is an arc-shaped region that stretches from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. It is called the Fertile Crescent because it is a fertile and productive area, known as the cradle of civilization, where early human settlements and agriculture flourished. This region is significant in history as it is where some of the earliest civilizations, such as Sumer and Akkad, emerged. The term "the land of the gods" is not a commonly used term to refer to this region.

The Sumerians were the creators of the first Mesopotamian civilization. They lived in the region of Mesopotamia, which is modern-day Iraq, and developed the world's first known writing system, known as cuneiform. They also built advanced cities, developed irrigation systems, and made significant contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and literature. The Sumerians laid the foundation for future civilizations in the region and their cultural and technological achievements had a lasting impact on the development of human civilization.

Farming and an abundance of food in ancient Mesopotamia resulted in the development of civilization. The availability of food allowed people to settle in one place, leading to the establishment of permanent settlements. This led to the development of complex social structures, the creation of laws and governments, the advancement of technology, and the growth of trade and commerce. The surplus of food also allowed for specialization in different occupations, such as artisans, priests, and rulers, further contributing to the development of a complex society.

In 2340 B.C., Sargon, the leader of the Akkadians, defeated the Sumerian city-states and established the first empire in world history. This means that he was able to conquer and subdue the city-states of Sumer, consolidating his power and creating a centralized governing structure. This achievement marked the beginning of empire-building in human history, as it was the first time that a ruler was able to establish control over a large territory and its inhabitants.

A society dominated or ruled by men is called patriarchal. In a patriarchal society, men hold the majority of power and authority, while women are often marginalized and have limited access to resources and decision-making. This term describes a social structure where male dominance and control are prevalent, influencing various aspects of society, including politics, economics, and culture.

A government by divine authority is called a theocracy. In a theocracy, the ruling power is believed to be derived from a higher power or deity. This means that the government's laws and policies are based on religious principles and the religious leaders hold significant influence or even direct control over the government. In a theocracy, the religious authority and the political authority are often intertwined, with religious leaders playing a key role in decision-making and governance.

An empire is a large political unit or state that is typically governed by a single leader and has control over numerous territories and people. It is characterized by its extensive power and influence, often spanning across different regions or even continents. This centralized authority allows the empire to exert control and dominance over its subjects, both politically and economically. Examples of historical empires include the Roman Empire, the British Empire, and the Mongol Empire.

The Akkadian Empire was the first empire in the world. It was established by Sargon of Akkad in the 24th century BCE, encompassing a large territory in Mesopotamia. The Akkadians were known for their military conquests and administrative reforms, which allowed them to create a centralized state and exert control over various city-states. Their empire set the precedent for future empires and had a significant influence on the development of ancient civilizations.

The Mesopotamians were renowned for their expertise in metalwork. They were skilled in crafting various objects out of metal, such as jewelry, weapons, and tools. Metalwork was an important trade for them, as it allowed them to create valuable and useful items for their society. Their proficiency in metalwork contributed to their cultural and economic development, as it enabled them to produce intricate and high-quality metal goods that were in demand both within their civilization and in trade with other regions.