Clicker Questions For Test 3

The parasympathetic division of the nervous system is responsible for promoting rest and digestion. It helps to conserve energy and restore the body to a relaxed state after periods of stress or activity. This division is associated with activities such as slowing heart rate, increasing digestion and salivation, and promoting relaxation.

The correct answer is hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the basilar membrane. The pathway for sound perception in mammals begins with the hair cells of the organ of Corti, which are located in the cochlea. These hair cells are responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals. The organ of Corti rests on the basilar membrane, which plays a crucial role in the transmission of sound waves and the stimulation of the hair cells.

The medulla is the correct answer because it is a part of the brainstem that controls many involuntary functions, including the regulation of heart rate. It contains specialized nerve cells that send signals to the heart to speed up or slow down its rate of beating. The neocortex is responsible for higher cognitive functions, the thalamus relays sensory information, and the pituitary gland regulates hormone production.

When an odorant molecule binds to an olfactory receptor, it results in a change in the membrane potential of the sensory cell. This change in membrane potential triggers a series of events that eventually lead to the generation of an action potential, which is then transmitted to the brain for interpretation as a specific smell.

Cone cells can detect color, but rod cells cannot. This is because cone cells contain photopigments that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light, allowing them to perceive color. Rod cells, on the other hand, contain a single type of photopigment that is only sensitive to low levels of light, making them more suited for detecting light intensity and motion rather than color.

Sensory receptors are specialized cells that respond to specific types of stimuli such as heat, pressure, light, etc. They are designed to detect and transmit signals to the brain in response to a particular type of stimulus. This allows the brain to interpret and perceive different sensory experiences such as touch, sight, or temperature. By responding to a single type of stimulus, sensory receptors ensure that the brain receives accurate and specific information about the external environment.

In muscle contraction, myosin and actin are two key proteins that interact with each other to generate force. Myosin binds to actin, forming cross-bridges, which then undergo a series of conformational changes powered by ATP hydrolysis. This results in the sliding of actin filaments relative to myosin filaments, leading to muscle contraction. Therefore, if myosin cannot bind to actin, this interaction necessary for muscle contraction cannot occur.

The frontal lobes and limbic system are involved in the establishment and expression of emotions. The frontal lobes are responsible for higher cognitive functions and decision-making, while the limbic system, which includes structures like the amygdala and hippocampus, is involved in emotional processing and regulation. Together, these brain regions work together to regulate and express emotions.

The limbic system is not responsible for motor control of speech. Motor control of speech is primarily regulated by the Broca's area, which is located in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex. The limbic system, on the other hand, is involved in emotions, memory, and motivation.

Bilateral symmetry is associated with the evolution of a central nervous system because it allows for the development of a distinct head region and a concentration of sensory organs and nerve cells. This symmetry pattern enables the formation of a centralized nervous system, with a brain and spinal cord, that coordinates and controls the body's responses to stimuli. Bilateral symmetry provides an advantage in terms of mobility and complex behaviors, which require a centralized control system.

When you reach inside the refrigerator to get a container of milk, the temperature of the blood circulating to your arm decreases. This decrease in temperature is detected by thermoreceptors in the skin. These thermoreceptors then send signals to the posterior hypothalamus, which is responsible for regulating body temperature. The signals from the thermoreceptors inform the hypothalamus that the arm is experiencing a decrease in temperature, causing the sensation of coldness in the arm.

The correct answer is presynaptic membrane. The presynaptic membrane is the surface on a neuron that discharges synaptic vesicles. When an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters from the synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft, allowing for communication with the postsynaptic neuron.

Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitters are released from axon terminals. During exocytosis, neurotransmitter-containing vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, allowing the neurotransmitters to be released into the synaptic cleft. This process requires energy and is regulated by calcium ions. Osmosis, active transport, diffusion, and transcytosis are not involved in the release of neurotransmitters from axon terminals.