1.
ADL means:
Correct Answer
C. Activities of Daily Living
Explanation
ADL stands for Activities of Daily Living. This term refers to the basic self-care tasks that individuals perform on a daily basis, such as bathing, dressing, eating, toileting, and transferring. ADLs are essential for maintaining independence and overall well-being. They are often used as a measure of an individual's functional abilities and can be helpful in assessing the need for assistance or support in daily activities.
2.
IADL means:
Correct Answer
B. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Explanation
IADL stands for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. These are tasks that are necessary for independent living and are not directly related to self-care. Examples of IADLs include managing finances, shopping, meal preparation, housekeeping, and transportation. These activities require higher cognitive abilities and physical functioning.
3.
The primary goal of caregiving is:
Correct Answer
B. To improve the quality of someone's life
Explanation
If you got this incorrect, you should find a different area of interest.
4.
Factors that affect the quality of healthcare include:
Correct Answer
D. Population, technology and culture all have an effect
Explanation
The quality of healthcare is affected by various factors, including the population in the area, the technology available, and the culture. The population size can impact the availability of healthcare resources and the ability to meet the healthcare needs of individuals. The technology available in the area can determine the level of medical advancements, access to medical equipment, and the quality of healthcare services. Additionally, culture plays a role in healthcare quality as it influences healthcare beliefs, practices, and attitudes towards seeking medical care. Therefore, all three factors, population, technology, and culture, collectively contribute to the quality of healthcare.
5.
ADL includes:
Correct Answer
D. Personal care, feeding and bathing
Explanation
ADL stands for Activities of Daily Living, which refers to the basic self-care tasks that individuals need to perform on a daily basis to maintain their independence and well-being. These tasks include personal care (such as grooming, dressing, and toileting), feeding (eating and drinking), and bathing (showering or bathing). Therefore, the correct answer is "Personal care, feeding, and bathing" as it encompasses all three essential components of ADL.
6.
IADL includes:
Correct Answer
A. Cleaning, cooking, shopping and social activities
Explanation
IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) refers to the tasks that are necessary for independent living and are not directly related to personal care. These tasks include cleaning, cooking, shopping, and social activities. Therefore, the correct answer is "Cleaning, cooking, shopping, and social activities."
7.
Medical education was first accredited in:
Correct Answer
D. Last century (1900's)
Explanation
The correct answer is "last century (1900's)". This is because medical education started to be accredited in the 20th century, specifically in the 1900s. Prior to this, there were various forms of medical education, but it was not until the last century that accreditation processes and standards were established to ensure the quality and consistency of medical education.
8.
Which is correct?
Correct Answer
B. Only some healthcare is regulated in most countries
Explanation
It is impossible to regulated the care given by friends and family.
9.
The first principle of health care is:
Correct Answer
C. Do no harm
Explanation
The first principle of healthcare is "Do no harm." This means that healthcare professionals should prioritize the well-being and safety of patients above all else. It emphasizes the importance of avoiding actions that could cause harm or worsen a patient's condition. This principle is based on the ethical responsibility of healthcare providers to provide care that is in the best interest of the patient and to minimize any potential risks or adverse effects. By adhering to this principle, healthcare professionals strive to ensure the highest standard of care and promote patient safety and well-being.
10.
Who are the aged?
Correct Answer
D. The term Aged depends on health, wealth and other factors
Explanation
The term "aged" does not have a fixed definition based solely on a specific age range. It is influenced by various factors such as health, wealth, and other individual circumstances. One person may be considered aged at 40 due to poor health or financial difficulties, while another person may be considered aged only after reaching 80 years of age. Therefore, the term "aged" is subjective and can vary depending on different factors.
11.
The older we become, the more likely we are to
Correct Answer
D. Develop health disorders and conditions and fall
Explanation
As we age, our bodies become more vulnerable to various health disorders and conditions due to factors such as weakened immune systems and deteriorating organ functions. Additionally, the risk of falling also increases with age due to factors like decreased mobility, balance issues, and muscle weakness. Therefore, it is more likely that as we grow older, we will develop health disorders and conditions and also experience falls.
12.
As we age, our skin
Correct Answer
A. Becomes thinner
Explanation
As we age, our skin tends to lose its elasticity and collagen, which are responsible for maintaining its thickness. This leads to a thinner appearance of the skin. Additionally, the production of natural oils decreases, causing the skin to become drier and further contributing to the thinning effect.
13.
Caregivers need to be _______________ careful with older clients:
Correct Answer
A. More
Explanation
As individuals age, they may experience various physical and cognitive changes, making them more vulnerable to accidents or injuries. Therefore, caregivers need to be more careful with older clients to ensure their safety and well-being. This may involve taking extra precautions, such as providing assistance with mobility, monitoring medication intake, or creating a safe environment to prevent falls or other accidents. By being more careful, caregivers can help older clients maintain their independence and quality of life.
14.
Exercise is important for the elderly because:
Correct Answer
D. It slows muscle atropHy and increases balance and helps with breathing
Explanation
Exercise is important for the elderly because it helps slow down muscle atrophy, which refers to the shrinking of muscles that commonly occurs with age. Regular physical activity also increases balance, which can help prevent falls and injuries. Additionally, exercise helps with breathing by improving lung function and increasing overall cardiovascular fitness. Therefore, engaging in exercise can have multiple benefits for the elderly, including slowing down muscle atrophy, improving balance, and enhancing breathing.
15.
Poor dental hygiene (mouth and teeth care) can lead to:
Correct Answer
D. Poor appetite, dehydration and heart disease
Explanation
Poor dental hygiene can lead to poor appetite because when the teeth and gums are not properly taken care of, it can result in pain and discomfort while eating, leading to a decreased desire to eat. Dehydration can also occur as a result of poor dental hygiene because if there are oral health issues such as gum disease or tooth decay, it can cause difficulty in swallowing and drinking, leading to inadequate fluid intake. Additionally, poor dental hygiene has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease. Bacteria from oral infections can enter the bloodstream and contribute to inflammation and plaque buildup in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart problems.
16.
Which of the following is most correct? As we age:
Correct Answer
A. Our bodies become slower
Explanation
As we age, our bodies tend to slow down due to various factors such as decreased muscle mass, decreased metabolism, and reduced flexibility. This can result in a decline in physical performance and slower movements.
17.
Dementia strikes slowly while delirium can strike quickly.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Dementia is a progressive condition that affects cognitive function over time, leading to memory loss, difficulty in thinking, and changes in behavior. It develops slowly, often taking months or years to fully manifest. On the other hand, delirium is a sudden and severe disturbance in mental abilities, characterized by confusion, disorientation, and difficulty focusing. It can onset rapidly, sometimes within hours or days. Therefore, the statement that dementia strikes slowly while delirium can strike quickly is true.
18.
Infectious diseases are still a major cause of death worldwide.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
True. Even in the USA (CDC) data, pneumonia and influenza are listed in the top 10.
19.
Six (6) of the top ten (10) causes of death in 1998 CDC data (all except Diabetes Mellitus, Accidents, Suicides and "other causes" are more common amongst the elderly than the young.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
True: deaths from heart disease, cancers, stroke, COPD, pneumonia and influenza, and kidney and liver diseases are more common with age.
20.
Starting exercise after a life-time of little exercise is not useful.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
False. The type of exercise might need to be different because of the life-long lack of exercise and effects, but exercise can still be effective for increasing health.
21.
Body Mechanics refers to the interrelationships between:
Correct Answer
B. Muscles, skeleton, motion and gravity
Explanation
Body mechanics refers to the way in which our muscles, skeleton, motion, and gravity work together. It is the understanding and application of proper posture, movement, and balance to prevent injury and promote efficient function. By considering the interplay between these elements, individuals can maintain optimal body alignment and use their muscles and skeleton in the most effective way during various activities.
22.
The forces that work on our bodies in motion include:
Correct Answer
C. Muscles and gravity
Explanation
Muscles and gravity are the only forces listed.
23.
The percentage of people that have never experienced back or neck pain is:
Correct Answer
A. 15%
Explanation
Back and neck pains are too common. About 85% will have experienced one of them. Only 15% will not.
24.
Maintaining a wide base of support means:
Correct Answer
B. Keep your feet apart
Explanation
Maintaining a wide base of support means keeping your feet apart. This is important for stability and balance, as having a wider stance provides a larger foundation to support your body. By keeping your feet apart, you distribute your weight evenly and lower your center of gravity, making it easier to maintain balance and resist forces that may cause you to lose stability. This is particularly important in activities that require strength, such as lifting heavy objects or performing athletic movements, as a wide base of support increases stability and reduces the risk of falling or injury.
25.
When possible, it is preferable to use:
Correct Answer
A. Leg muscles
Explanation
Always use the strongest muscles
26.
When lifting or carrying:
Correct Answer
D. Keep your back straight
Explanation
When lifting or carrying objects, it is important to keep your back straight. This helps to maintain proper alignment of the spine and reduces the risk of injury. When the back is straight, the weight is evenly distributed and supported by the core muscles, reducing strain on the back muscles. It also ensures that the lifting force is generated from the legs, which are stronger and more capable of handling the load. Keeping the back straight helps to maintain stability and balance while lifting or carrying objects, preventing unnecessary stress on the spine.
27.
When lifting and the client begins to fall:
Correct Answer
B. Slow the fall
Explanation
When lifting and the client begins to fall, the best course of action is to slow the fall. This means trying to control the descent of the client in order to minimize the impact and potential injuries. Slowing the fall can be done by using proper lifting techniques, such as bending the knees and keeping the back straight, to provide support and stability. It is important to avoid jerky movements or sudden releases of tension that could worsen the fall. By slowing the fall, the caregiver can help ensure the safety and well-being of both themselves and the client.
28.
When preparing for a lift or transfer:
Correct Answer
A. Check the bed, chair, room and floor
Explanation
When preparing for a lift or transfer, it is important to check the bed, chair, room, and floor for any potential obstacles or hazards that could impede the process. This ensures a safe and smooth transfer for both the caregiver and the individual being lifted or transferred. By checking these elements beforehand, any necessary adjustments or precautions can be taken to minimize the risk of accidents or injuries.
29.
The abort point is where:
Correct Answer
A. The lift can be cancelled and the client returned to the pre-lift position
Explanation
The abort point refers to the stage in a lift where the decision can be made to cancel the lift and return the client to their original position before the lift was initiated. This could be due to various reasons such as the client experiencing discomfort or pain during the lift, the lift becoming unsafe or unstable, or any other factors that may require the lift to be stopped. The main purpose of the abort point is to prioritize the safety and well-being of the client, ensuring that they are not subjected to any unnecessary risks or harm during the lifting process.
30.
When repositioning a client in a wheelchair,
Correct Answer
C. Stand behind, knees against the chair, arms around the client and pull back and up
Explanation
Standing behind is almost always the best postion.
31.
Common to all 2 person lifts is:
Correct Answer
B. "1-2-3-lift"
Explanation
"1-2-3-lift" is the correct answer because it is a common instruction used in 2 person lifts. This phrase is often used to coordinate the lifting action between the caregiver and the client. It helps ensure that both individuals are ready and synchronized before initiating the lift. The phrase also serves as a reminder to lift together on the count of three, reducing the risk of injury and ensuring a smooth and coordinated lift.
32.
Before lifting, make certain that:
Correct Answer
D. Joints and muscles are warmed up to prevent self-injury
Explanation
It is important to warm up the joints and muscles before lifting to prevent self-injury. This is because warming up increases blood flow to the muscles, making them more flexible and less prone to strains or tears. It also helps to loosen up the joints and improve their range of motion, reducing the risk of injury during lifting activities.
33.
To learn the lifts and transfers,
Correct Answer
A. Use a mannequin or healthy volunteer
Explanation
The correct answer is to use a mannequin or healthy volunteer. This is because practicing lifts and transfers on a mannequin or a healthy volunteer allows the person to become familiar with the techniques and gain confidence before performing them on an elderly client. Using a mannequin or healthy volunteer also reduces the risk of injury to the client. Practicing on a pet dog or assuming that lifts are easy without practice may not provide the necessary skills and knowledge required for safe and effective lifts and transfers.
34.
Body mechanics are needed by:
Correct Answer
D. Everyone -- it is an important life skill
Explanation
Body mechanics refers to the proper use and alignment of the body during physical activities, such as lifting, bending, and carrying objects. It helps to prevent injuries and strain on the muscles and joints. Since these activities are not limited to any specific profession or group of individuals, body mechanics is important for everyone as it is a crucial life skill that can be applied in various daily tasks and activities, regardless of their occupation or level of physical fitness.
35.
Common reasons for trips and falls when lifting include:
Correct Answer
D. All options are common reasons
Explanation
Trips and falls when lifting can occur due to various factors, and the given options cover some of the common reasons. Wet floors can make the surface slippery, increasing the risk of losing balance while lifting. Untied shoelaces can cause individuals to trip over their own feet or get entangled, leading to falls. Obstacles on the floor, such as objects or clutter, can also be hazardous and cause trips or loss of stability. Therefore, all of these options are valid reasons for trips and falls when lifting.
36.
One of the most common reasons for caregiver injuries is:
Correct Answer
A. pHysically assisting clients
Explanation
Physically assisting clients is one of the most common reasons for caregiver injuries. This is because caregivers often have to lift, transfer, or support clients who may have limited mobility or physical disabilities. These tasks can put strain on the caregiver's body, leading to injuries such as back pain, muscle strains, or even more serious injuries like fractures. Caregivers need to be trained in proper body mechanics and use assistive devices to minimize the risk of injury while assisting clients.
37.
Health care systems are:
Correct Answer
B. Differ based on culture, politics and technology
Explanation
Systems are the result of culture, politics and technology. They evolve over time within their society.
38.
In the history of human healthcare
Correct Answer
D. All the options provided are correct
Explanation
The given answer is correct because it states that all the options provided are correct. The statement mentions different forms of healthcare in different settings throughout history. It mentions that healthcare was provided by mothers and family members, which is true as families often took care of each other's health. It also mentions the existence of tribal healers in areas with larger populations, which is also a valid form of healthcare. Additionally, it states that urban centers usually had people who could make a living as healers, which is true as cities often had specialized healthcare providers. Therefore, all the options provided are indeed correct.
39.
Modern style medical schools for physicians
Correct Answer
C. Began in the 1800’s
Explanation
Medical schools of the type we would recognize (scientifically based with formal lectures) began after the age of enlightenment during the 1800's.
40.
Accreditation for medical schools (physicians) began in
Correct Answer
D. Began in the 1900’s
Explanation
Accreditation for medical schools (physicians) began in the 1900's. This suggests that there was a formal process of evaluating and recognizing the quality and standards of medical education during this time. Prior to this, there may have been informal systems or no accreditation at all. The mention of the 1900's indicates a specific time period when the accreditation process was established for medical schools.
41.
Regulated health care refers to:
Correct Answer
D. All the options provided are correct
Explanation
Regulated health care refers to all the options provided being correct. This means that it includes government created laws that define what may be practiced or done by caregivers, professional colleges or bodies that require certain types of training for membership, and rules that define who may call themselves a physician, nurse, or assistant. All of these factors contribute to the regulation and oversight of health care practices to ensure the safety and quality of care provided to patients.
42.
Most hospitals are designed to be:
Correct Answer
B. Acute-care facilities
Explanation
Acute-care facilities are the correct answer because most hospitals are designed to provide immediate and short-term medical care for patients with severe or life-threatening conditions. These facilities are equipped with specialized medical equipment, staffed with healthcare professionals trained in emergency medicine, and have resources to provide critical care and perform surgeries. Long-term care facilities focus on providing extended care and support for individuals with chronic illnesses or disabilities, while chronic-care facilities specifically cater to patients requiring ongoing management of chronic conditions. Since most hospitals are not primarily designed for long-term or chronic care, the correct answer is acute-care facilities.
43.
Palliative care units are designed to:
Correct Answer
A. Deal with the terminally ill and dying
Explanation
Palliative care units are specifically designed to provide care and support for individuals who are terminally ill and nearing the end of their life. These units focus on managing pain and symptoms, improving quality of life, and providing emotional and spiritual support for both the patients and their families. Palliative care units are not meant for long-term care, acute-care, or chronic-care facilities, as their main goal is to address the unique needs of those who are terminally ill and dying. Therefore, the correct answer is "Deal with the terminally ill and dying."
44.
Hospice care is focused on:
Correct Answer
A. Deal with the terminally ill and dying
Explanation
Hospice care is a type of care that is specifically designed to provide comfort and support to individuals who are terminally ill and approaching the end of their lives. It focuses on managing pain and symptoms, as well as providing emotional and spiritual support to both the patient and their family. Hospice care is not provided in long-term care facilities, acute-care facilities, or chronic-care facilities, but rather in specialized hospice facilities or in the patient's own home. Therefore, the correct answer is "Deal with the terminally ill and dying."
45.
In most developed countries, governments fund about:
Correct Answer
C. 2/3
Explanation
About 2/3rds. The differences are mostly in where and for whom, not in the totals.
46.
Physicians are mainly responsible for:
Correct Answer
A. Diagnosing and prescribing treatment protocols
Explanation
Physicians are primarily responsible for diagnosing medical conditions and determining appropriate treatment plans for patients. This involves conducting thorough examinations, ordering and interpreting diagnostic tests, and prescribing medications or other therapies. While physicians may collaborate with nurses and other healthcare professionals in patient care, they are not typically involved in hiring or firing staff. Additionally, the responsibility for maintaining X-ray and MRI machines usually falls under the purview of radiology technicians or biomedical engineers. Therefore, the correct answer is that physicians are mainly responsible for diagnosing and prescribing treatment protocols.
47.
Pharmacists are responsible for:
Correct Answer
D. All provided options are correct
Explanation
Pharmacists are responsible for a variety of tasks, including diagnosing and prescribing medications in some countries, filing prescriptions written by physicians, and filing prescriptions in hospitals. These responsibilities ensure that patients receive the correct medications and that their prescriptions are properly filled.
48.
Registered nurses, Psychiatric Nurses, therapists and nutritionists:
Correct Answer
D. All of the options provided are correct
Explanation
The correct answer is "All of the options provided are correct." This means that registered nurses, psychiatric nurses, therapists, and nutritionists all have the responsibility to follow diagnosis and prescriptions from physicians and pharmacists, forward observations about patients to physicians and pharmacists, and monitor patients. This implies that all of these healthcare professionals play a crucial role in the patient's care and treatment process, working in collaboration with physicians and pharmacists to ensure the best possible outcomes for the patients.
49.
Basic health care laws are often created by central (federal) governments while:
Correct Answer
D. All the provided options are correct
Explanation
Basic health care laws are typically created by central (federal) governments, and their enforcement is done according to local standards, such as provincial or state regulations. Similarly, enforcement funding and care funding for these laws are often provided at both national and local levels. Therefore, all the provided options - enforcement standards, enforcement funding, and care funding being national and local - are correct.
50.
In very poor or unpopulated areas:
Correct Answer
D. All the provided options are correct
Explanation
In very poor or unpopulated areas, there may be limited resources and access to healthcare. This can result in there being only one caregiver who is responsible for providing all necessary care. Additionally, the lack of hospitals or specialists in these areas can further limit the available healthcare options. Furthermore, the caregiver may have another job due to the lack of financial support or resources available in these areas. Therefore, all of the provided options are correct in explaining the situation in very poor or unpopulated areas.