Post Infection Control Workshop Quiz

A critical item is classified as an item that is introduced directly into the bloodstream or other normally sterile areas of the body. These items have a high risk of causing infection if not properly sterilized or if contaminated. Therefore, they require stringent sterilization processes to ensure patient safety.

MRSA and other multi-drug-resistant organisms can be transmitted through various means. They can be transmitted through medical equipment that is shared and not disinfected appropriately between patient use. They can also be transmitted on the hands of healthcare workers who do not perform hand hygiene as indicated in the 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene. Additionally, they can be transmitted through environmental surfaces that are not properly cleaned. Therefore, the correct answer is D, all of the above.

The correct answer is B. Routine changing of urinary drainage bag. Routine changing of the urinary drainage bag is not necessary to reduce urinary catheter-associated UTI. The other options, A, C, and D, are all true statements that can help reduce the risk of UTIs associated with urinary catheter care.

The best practice to prevent infection in urinary catheterization is to follow all of the above options. Sterile technique during insertion helps to minimize the risk of introducing bacteria into the urinary tract. Removing the catheter as soon as the patient no longer needs it reduces the duration of catheterization and the risk of infection. Maintaining a closed system at all times helps to prevent contamination of the catheter and the urinary tract. By following all of these practices, the risk of infection can be significantly reduced.

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The correct answer is B. Frequent disconnecting and connecting the infusion set as long as you clean it with an alcohol swab will not increase the risk of bloodstream infections. This statement is incorrect because frequent disconnecting and connecting of the infusion set can increase the risk of contamination and bloodstream infections. It is important to minimize the number of disconnects and connections to reduce the risk of infection.

This scenario involves a patient who was transferred from a surgical high dependency unit (HD) to a general ward with a urinary catheter. The physiotherapist is ambulating the patient in the ward. Ambulation is the act of walking or moving around, and it is important to review the need for urinary catheter removal in this situation because ambulation may increase the risk of catheter-related complications such as catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Therefore, it is necessary to assess if the catheter is still needed or if it can be safely removed.

Alcohol-based hand rub is the most effective at killing bacteria because it contains a high concentration of alcohol, usually around 60-95%, which is known to effectively kill bacteria and other microorganisms on the hands. Soap and water are also effective, but may not be as convenient or readily available in certain situations. Chlorhexidine soap and water may be effective against some bacteria, but alcohol-based hand rub is generally more effective. Plain water alone is not sufficient to kill bacteria.

The correct answer is B because scrubbing the hub with a 70% alcohol swab vigorously is the recommended method for disinfecting a needleless connector before accessing it. This method ensures thorough cleaning and removal of any potential contaminants on the connector, reducing the risk of infection or contamination during use.

The correct statement on care of PICC is to clean the insertion site with 2% Chlorhexidine in 70% alcohol, inspect the PICC puncture site for signs of infection, and change the Microclave connector every 7 days if it is clean. However, applying the antiseptic solution gently and wiping dry with gauze before applying transparent dressing is not a correct statement. The correct procedure is to allow the antiseptic solution to air dry before applying the transparent dressing.

Alcohol-based handrubs are known to have good or excellent antimicrobial activity against viruses, mycobacteria, and gram positive and gram negative bacteria. However, they are not as effective against bacterial spores. Bacterial spores have a tough outer layer that protects them from the antimicrobial effects of alcohol. Therefore, alcohol-based handrubs may not be able to completely eliminate bacterial spores from the hands.

The higher the bioburden on an object, the more difficult it will be to sterilize. This is because bioburden refers to the number of microorganisms present on an object, and a higher bioburden means there are more microorganisms that need to be killed or removed during the sterilization process. Therefore, it will require more time, higher temperatures, or more aggressive sterilization methods to effectively eliminate the microorganisms and achieve sterilization.

To disinfect the needleless connector before accessing it, the correct method is to clean the hub with a 70% alcohol swab vigorously. This ensures that any potential bacteria or contaminants on the surface of the hub are effectively eliminated. Cleaning the hub vigorously helps to remove any stubborn debris or microorganisms that may be present, reducing the risk of infection or contamination during the access procedure.

The correct answer is D. I, II, III, IV. This means that all of the components listed in options I, II, III, and IV are part of the CLABSI (Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection) bundle. The components include hand hygiene before the procedure, the use of full barrier precautions, the use of a solution of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol, and the requirement for the person inserting the central line to wear a sterile gown, sterile gloves, face shield mask, and cap.

Sodium hypochlorite solution is the most effective disinfectant for terminal cleaning of a discharge room of a patient with Clostridium difficile. This is because sodium hypochlorite, also known as bleach, has strong antimicrobial properties and is effective against a wide range of bacteria, including C. difficile. It is able to kill the spores produced by C. difficile, which are resistant to many other disinfectants. Therefore, using sodium hypochlorite solution for terminal cleaning helps to prevent the spread of C. difficile infection to other patients.

An acceptable indication for urinary catheter insertion in ambulant patients is when the patient has acute urinary retention. Acute urinary retention refers to the sudden inability to urinate, which can cause discomfort and potentially lead to complications if not addressed. Inserting a urinary catheter can help relieve the urinary retention and allow for proper urine flow. Collecting 24-hour urine and strict I/O charting are not indications for urinary catheter insertion.

When washing hands with soap and water, it is recommended to rub them together for at least 1 minute. This duration ensures that the soap has enough time to create a lather and effectively remove dirt, germs, and bacteria from the hands. Rubbing the hands together for a shorter duration may not be sufficient to achieve proper cleanliness and hygiene.

The use of femoral vein for non-tunnelled central venous access in adult patients is not a recommended practice for preventing central line associated bloodstream infections. This is because the femoral vein is located close to the perineum, which is a high-risk area for contamination. It is recommended to use other sites such as the subclavian or internal jugular veins for central venous access in adult patients.

The growth of bacteria from a urinary catheter does not always indicate an infection. Bacteria can colonize the catheter without causing an infection, especially in cases where the catheter has been in place for an extended period of time. Therefore, the statement in option D is not true.

The signs and symptoms of UTI include fever (>38°C), dysuria (painful or difficult urination), and suprapubic tenderness. These symptoms are indicative of an infection in the urinary tract. Positive urine culture and cloudy urine are not specific signs of UTI and can be present in other conditions as well. Therefore, the correct answer is D. II, IV, V.