1.
In ancient Rome, middle-class women colored their hair:
Correct Answer
C. Blond
Explanation
Noblewomen tinted their hair Red
middle class-blond
Poor women-black
2.
During the Victorian age, women pinched their cheeks and bit their lips to:
Correct Answer
C. Induce natural color
Explanation
During the Victorian age, women pinched their cheeks and bit their lips to induce natural color. This practice was done to enhance their complexion and create a rosy, flushed appearance. It was believed that having a natural color on their cheeks and lips indicated good health and vitality. Women would use these methods as a way to achieve a desirable and youthful appearance, as pale skin was considered fashionable during that time.
3.
A combination of understanding, empathy, and acceptance is called:
Correct Answer
B. Sensitivity
Explanation
Sensitivity refers to the ability to understand and empathize with others, as well as accepting their perspectives and emotions. It involves being aware of others' feelings and being considerate towards them. Arrogance, straightforwardness, and assertiveness do not encompass the same qualities as sensitivity. Arrogance is characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, while straightforwardness and assertiveness focus more on being direct and expressing oneself confidently. Therefore, sensitivity is the most appropriate term to describe a combination of understanding, empathy, and acceptance.
4.
Stressful, repetitive motions have a cumulative effect on joints and:
Correct Answer
B. Muscles
Explanation
Stressful, repetitive motions can lead to muscle strain and fatigue over time. The constant tension and overuse of muscles can cause micro-tears in the muscle fibers, leading to inflammation and pain. This cumulative effect can result in chronic muscle stiffness, weakness, and even injuries. Therefore, it is important to take breaks, practice proper ergonomics, and engage in stretching and strengthening exercises to prevent the negative impact of repetitive motions on muscles.
5.
The act of effectively sharing information between two people, or groups of people, is known as:
Correct Answer
D. Communication
Explanation
Communication refers to the act of effectively sharing information between two people or groups of people. It involves the exchange of ideas, thoughts, and messages through various channels such as speaking, listening, and using language. Communication is a fundamental aspect of human interaction and plays a crucial role in building relationships, resolving conflicts, and conveying information accurately. It encompasses both verbal and non-verbal forms of expression and is essential for effective collaboration and understanding between individuals or groups.
6.
The type of bacteria that rarely shows any active motility is:
Correct Answer
A. Cocci
Explanation
Cocci is the correct answer because cocci are spherical-shaped bacteria that typically do not have flagella, which are the structures responsible for bacterial motility. While some cocci may have limited motility through other means, such as gliding or twitching, they generally do not exhibit active motility. Pathogenic refers to bacteria that can cause disease, spirilla are spiral-shaped bacteria that often have flagella, and flagellum is a structure used by bacteria for movement.
7.
A rod-shaped microorganism that infected clients due to improper disinfection of a whirlpool foot spa was:
Correct Answer
C. Mycobacterium fortuitum furnunculosis
Explanation
The correct answer is mycobacterium fortuitum furnunculosis. This is because the question states that the microorganism infected clients due to improper disinfection of a whirlpool foot spa. Mycobacterium fortuitum is a type of bacteria that can cause infections in humans, and it is commonly associated with contaminated water sources. In this case, the improper disinfection of the foot spa allowed the bacteria to thrive and infect the clients.
8.
A pimple or abscess is an example of a:
Correct Answer
D. Local infection
Explanation
A pimple or abscess is an example of a local infection because it is a confined infection that is limited to a specific area of the body. Unlike a blood disease or general infection that can affect the entire body, a local infection is localized and does not spread throughout the body. In the case of a pimple or abscess, the infection is typically contained within a specific area of the skin, such as a hair follicle or oil gland.
9.
Nonpathogenic bacteria are:
Correct Answer
B. Harmless
Explanation
Nonpathogenic bacteria are harmless. These bacteria do not cause disease or harm to their hosts or the environment. They may even have beneficial roles, such as aiding in digestion or competing with pathogenic (disease-causing) bacteria to prevent infections.
10.
A disease that spreads from one person to another by contact is said to be:
Correct Answer
D. Contagious
Explanation
A disease that spreads from one person to another by contact is said to be contagious. This means that the disease can be transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an infected individual. Contagious diseases can be easily passed on through activities such as shaking hands, sharing utensils, or being in close proximity to an infected person. This term is commonly used to describe illnesses like the flu, common cold, or COVID-19, where the virus or bacteria can easily be transmitted from one person to another.
11.
Organisms that live in or on another living organism and draw their nourishment from the host organism are:
Correct Answer
C. Parasites
Explanation
Parasites are organisms that live in or on another living organism and obtain their nourishment from the host organism. They rely on the host for survival and reproduction, often causing harm or disease to the host in the process. Examples of parasites include ticks, fleas, lice, and certain types of worms. They can affect a wide range of organisms, including animals, plants, and even humans.
12.
Nail fungus can be contracted through implements that are not properly:
Correct Answer
D. Disinfected
Explanation
Nail fungus can be contracted through implements that are not properly disinfected. This means that if the tools used for manicures or pedicures are not adequately cleaned and sanitized, they can harbor fungus and pass it on to the next person. Disinfection is crucial in preventing the spread of nail fungus as it kills the fungi and eliminates the risk of infection. Proper disinfection protocols should be followed to ensure the safety and hygiene of nail salons and their clients.
13.
The skin disease that is caused by an infestation of head lice is called:
Correct Answer
B. Pediculosis capitis
Explanation
Pediculosis capitis is a condition resulting from an infestation of head lice, tiny parasitic insects that inhabit the hair and scalp. These lice feed on human blood, causing itching and irritation. The condition is common, especially among children, and spreads through direct contact or sharing personal items like combs and hats.
14.
The three main types of decontamination are:
Correct Answer
C. Sanitation, disinfection, and sterilization
Explanation
The correct answer is sanitation, disinfection, and sterilization. These three main types of decontamination are essential in maintaining a clean and safe environment. Sanitation involves the removal of dirt and debris from surfaces, while disinfection refers to the use of chemicals to kill or inactivate microorganisms. Sterilization, on the other hand, is the process of completely eliminating all forms of life, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These three methods work together to ensure that any potential contaminants are effectively removed or destroyed, reducing the risk of infection or disease transmission.
15.
Single-use items that do not have the capacity to be disinfected after each client use must be:
Correct Answer
A. Discarded
Explanation
Single-use items that cannot be disinfected after each client use must be discarded. This is because these items are designed for one-time use only and cannot be effectively cleaned or sterilized for reuse. Discarding such items ensures hygiene and prevents the spread of infections or contamination to subsequent clients. Washing, storing, or immersing these items would not be sufficient to eliminate the risk of cross-contamination.
16.
When removing implements from the disinfectant solution, to avoid damaging the skin or contaminating the disinfectant solution, use:
Correct Answer
C. Tongs
Explanation
Tongs should be used when removing implements from the disinfectant solution to avoid damaging the skin or contaminating the solution. Tongs provide a safe and hygienic way to handle the implements without direct contact, reducing the risk of contamination and protecting the skin from any potential damage that may be caused by the solution.
17.
All of the following need to be disposed of after a single use except for
Correct Answer
C. Nippers
Explanation
Nippers are a type of tool used for cutting or trimming nails, wires, or other materials. Unlike the other options listed, nippers are not typically disposable and can be used multiple times before needing to be replaced. Paper towels, neck strips, and orangewood sticks are all commonly used in beauty or grooming practices and are typically disposed of after a single use for hygiene purposes.
18.
If an exposure incident should occur, discard all disposable contaminated objects in a:
Correct Answer
B. Container for contaminated waste
Explanation
In the event of an exposure incident, it is important to properly dispose of all disposable contaminated objects. The most appropriate way to do this is by using a container specifically designed for contaminated waste. This ensures that the contaminated items are contained and separated from other waste, minimizing the risk of further exposure or contamination. Using a container for contaminated waste also allows for proper disposal methods to be followed, such as incineration or sterilization, to ensure the safety of individuals and the environment.
19.
The first step in the decontamination process is called:
Correct Answer
C. Sanitation
Explanation
The correct answer is sanitation. In the decontamination process, sanitation is the first step that involves the removal of dirt, debris, and other contaminants from surfaces or objects. It is essential to sanitize before proceeding to further steps like sterilization or cleaning to ensure effective disinfection and removal of harmful microorganisms.
20.
Tissue that carries blood and lymph, food and hormones through the body is:
Correct Answer
B. Connective tissue
Explanation
The tissue that carries blood and lymph, food, and hormones through the body is known as connective tissue. Connective tissue is the most abundant and diverse type of tissue in the body, and it provides support and structure to other tissues and organs. It consists of cells and an extracellular matrix that contains fibers and ground substance. Blood and lymph are examples of fluids that are transported by connective tissue, making it the correct answer.
21.
Groups of tissues designed to perform a specific function are:
Correct Answer
C. Organs
Explanation
Groups of tissues designed to perform a specific function are called organs. Organs are composed of different types of tissues that work together to carry out a particular function in the body. These tissues are organized in a way that allows them to perform their specialized tasks efficiently. Examples of organs include the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys, each of which has a specific function and is made up of different types of tissues working together.
22.
Nerve tissue carries messages to the brain and is made up of special cells known as:
Correct Answer
C. Neurons
Explanation
Nerve tissue carries messages to the brain, and this is accomplished by neurons. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical signals throughout the body. They have a unique structure, with a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. The dendrites receive signals from other neurons, and the axon transmits the signals to other cells or organs. Neurons are essential for the functioning of the nervous system and play a crucial role in communication between different parts of the body and the brain.
23.
The facial skeleton has how many bones?
Correct Answer
D. 14
Explanation
The facial skeleton consists of 14 bones. These bones include the mandible (lower jaw), maxilla (upper jaw), nasal bones, zygomatic bones (cheekbones), lacrimal bones (tear ducts), palatine bones (roof of the mouth), vomer bone (nasal septum), and the inferior nasal conchae (turbinates). These bones together form the structure and shape of the face, providing support and protection for the organs and tissues within the head.
24.
THe study of the structure, function, and diseases of the muscles is called:
Correct Answer
A. Myology
Explanation
Myology is the study of the structure, function, and diseases of the muscles. It involves examining the different types of muscles in the body, understanding how they work, and investigating any abnormalities or conditions that may affect them. This field of study is important for understanding the mechanics of movement, diagnosing and treating muscle-related disorders, and developing therapies to improve muscle function. Histology is the study of tissues, myopia is a vision condition, and osteology is the study of bones, so they are not the correct answers for this question.
25.
The middle part of the muscle is the:
Correct Answer
D. Belly
Explanation
The correct answer is "belly". In muscle anatomy, the belly refers to the central part of a muscle, where the majority of the muscle fibers are located. It is the thickest and most developed part of the muscle, responsible for generating the force required for movement. The belly is surrounded by tendons at both ends, known as the insertion and origin, which attach the muscle to bones or other structures.
26.
The muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back and that rotates and controls the swinging movement of the arms is the:
Correct Answer
D. Trapezius
Explanation
The trapezius muscle is responsible for covering the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back. It plays a role in rotating and controlling the swinging movement of the arms.
27.
The thinnest skin can be found on the:
Correct Answer
A. Eyelids
Explanation
The thinnest skin can be found on the eyelids. The skin on the eyelids is extremely thin and delicate compared to other parts of the body. This is because the eyelids need to be flexible and able to move easily to protect the eyes and allow for blinking. The thin skin on the eyelids also allows for better sensitivity and perception of touch, which is important for the function of the eyes.
28.
The clear, transparent layer just under the skin surface that consists of small cells through which light can pass is the:
Correct Answer
A. Stratum lucidum
Explanation
The stratum lucidum is the clear, transparent layer just under the skin surface that consists of small cells through which light can pass. It is found in areas of the body with thick skin, such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. This layer helps to provide additional protection to the skin and plays a role in the skin's barrier function.
29.
A fiber protein that is the principal component of hair, skin, and nails is:
Correct Answer
C. Keratin
Explanation
Keratin is the correct answer because it is a fiber protein that is found in hair, skin, and nails. It is the main structural component of these appendages and provides strength and durability to them. Melanocytes produce melanin, a pigment that gives color to hair, skin, and eyes, but it is not the principal component. Therefore, the correct answer is keratin.
30.
The fatty layer found below the dermis is the:
Correct Answer
C. Subcutaneuos
Explanation
The correct answer is "subcutaneous." The subcutaneous layer is the fatty layer found below the dermis. It is composed of adipose tissue and serves as insulation, protection, and energy storage for the body. This layer also helps to regulate body temperature and provides cushioning for organs and structures beneath the skin.
31.
The tiny granules of coloring matter deposited in cells that provide skin with its color are:
Correct Answer
C. Melanin
Explanation
Melanin is the correct answer because it is the pigment responsible for providing color to the skin. It is produced by cells called melanocytes and is responsible for determining the color of hair, skin, and eyes. Melanin helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun by absorbing and scattering the UV rays. The amount and distribution of melanin in the skin vary among individuals, resulting in different skin tones and colors.
32.
The melanin produced by the body that is red to yellow in color is:
Correct Answer
B. pHeomelanin
Explanation
Pheomelanin is the correct answer because it is the type of melanin produced by the body that is red to yellow in color. Melanin is a pigment responsible for the color of our skin, hair, and eyes. Pheomelanin is specifically responsible for producing red and yellow colors, while eumelanin produces brown and black colors. Granular melanin and photovoltaic are not types of melanin and therefore not the correct answer.
33.
A fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength is:
Correct Answer
B. Collagen
Explanation
Collagen is a fibrous protein that provides structure and strength to the skin. It is the main component of connective tissues and makes up a significant portion of the dermis, the middle layer of the skin. Collagen fibers are responsible for maintaining the skin's elasticity and firmness. They help to support and hold the skin together, preventing sagging and wrinkles. Additionally, collagen plays a crucial role in wound healing and tissue repair.
34.
When sebum hardens and the sebaceous duct becomes clogged, the pore impaction that is formed is a :
Correct Answer
D. Comedone
Explanation
When sebum, an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands, hardens and blocks the sebaceous duct, it forms a pore impaction known as a comedone. Comedones are commonly referred to as blackheads or whiteheads, depending on whether the pore is open or closed. They are a type of acne lesion and can be caused by excess oil production, hormonal changes, and bacteria.
35.
The principal functions of the skin are protection, sensation, heat regulation, excretion, and:
Correct Answer
D. Secretion and absorption
Explanation
The principal functions of the skin include protection, sensation, heat regulation, excretion, and secretion and absorption. Secretion refers to the process of glands in the skin releasing substances such as sweat and sebum, while absorption refers to the ability of the skin to take in certain substances. These functions are important for maintaining the overall health and balance of the body.
36.
The nail is an appendage of the skin and is part of what system?
Correct Answer
B. Integumentary
Explanation
The nail is an appendage of the skin, specifically the epidermis, and is an important part of the integumentary system. The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, and various glands, and its main function is to protect the body from external threats, regulate body temperature, and provide sensory information. Nails, in particular, protect the fingertips and enhance tactile sensation. Therefore, the correct answer is integumentary.
37.
The part of the nail where the natural nail is formed is the:
Correct Answer
B. Matrix
Explanation
The matrix is the part of the nail where the natural nail is formed. It is located at the base of the nail, underneath the cuticle. The matrix contains cells that produce the protein keratin, which is responsible for the growth and strength of the nail. This area is essential for nail growth and health, as it determines the shape, thickness, and overall quality of the nail.
38.
The nail that grows the slowest is on the:
Correct Answer
B. Thumb
Explanation
The nail that grows the slowest is on the thumb. This is because the thumb nail is typically shorter and grows at a slower rate compared to the other fingers. The middle finger nail, on the other hand, tends to grow faster than the thumb nail.
39.
The thickened, clublike structure that forms the lower part of the hair root is the:
Correct Answer
B. Hair bulb
Explanation
The hair bulb is the correct answer because it is the thickened, clublike structure that forms the lower part of the hair root. It contains the actively growing cells responsible for hair production and is connected to the blood vessels in the dermal papilla, which supply nutrients to the growing hair. The cuticle layer is the outermost protective layer of the hair shaft, while the arrector pili is a tiny muscle that causes hair to stand up when it contracts.
40.
A lengthwise section of hair shows that cuticle scales overlap and each individual cuticle scale is attached to the:
Correct Answer
C. Cortex
Explanation
A lengthwise section of hair shows that cuticle scales overlap and each individual cuticle scale is attached to the cortex. The cortex is the middle layer of the hair shaft, responsible for providing strength, elasticity, and color to the hair. It contains the pigment melanin, which gives hair its color. The medulla is the innermost layer of the hair shaft, while the root refers to the part of the hair that is embedded in the scalp.
41.
The cortex is responsible for the natural color of hair, 90 percent of the total weight, and hair:
Correct Answer
B. Elasticity
Explanation
The cortex, which is the middle layer of the hair, is responsible for the natural color of hair and contributes to 90 percent of its total weight. Additionally, the cortex plays a crucial role in determining the elasticity of the hair. Elasticity refers to the hair's ability to stretch and return to its original shape without breaking. Therefore, the correct answer is elasticity as it is directly associated with the cortex of the hair.
42.
The units of structure that build protein and are linked end-to-end like a string of pearls are:
Correct Answer
C. Amino acids
Explanation
Amino acids are the units of structure that build proteins and are linked end-to-end like a string of pearls. Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids, which are connected by peptide bonds. Each amino acid has a unique side chain, or R-group, that determines its specific properties. These chains of amino acids fold and interact with each other to form the complex three-dimensional structures of proteins, which are essential for their function in the body. Oxygenated cells, primary acids, and lymph glands do not have the same role in protein structure as amino acids.
43.
The three different types of cross-links that form bonds between the polypeptide chains in the cortex are:
Correct Answer
D. Hydrogen,salt, and disulfide bonds
Explanation
The correct answer is hydrogen, salt, and disulfide bonds. These are the three different types of cross-links that form bonds between the polypeptide chains in the cortex. Hydrogen bonds are formed between the hydrogen atom of one amino acid and the oxygen atom of another amino acid. Salt bonds, also known as ionic bonds, are formed between the positively charged amino acids and the negatively charged amino acids. Disulfide bonds are formed between two cysteine amino acids through a covalent bond, creating a strong and stable cross-link. These three types of bonds play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and stability of the protein.
44.
All natural hair color is the result of pigment located in the cortex called:
Correct Answer
A. Melanin
Explanation
Melanin is the pigment located in the cortex that gives natural hair its color. It is responsible for producing different shades of hair, ranging from black to blonde. Melanin is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes, which are located in the hair follicles. The amount and type of melanin produced determines the color of the hair. This pigment also provides protection against harmful UV rays from the sun.
45.
The melanin that provides brown or black color to hair is:
Correct Answer
B. Eumelanin
Explanation
Eumelanin is the correct answer because it is the type of melanin that provides brown or black color to hair. Melanin is a pigment that determines the color of our hair, skin, and eyes. Eumelanin is responsible for darker hair colors, while pheomelanin is responsible for lighter hair colors. Ionic and telogen are not related to the color of hair.
46.
Hair that has the largest diameter and usually requires more processing time is:
Correct Answer
B. Coarse hair texture
Explanation
Coarse hair texture refers to hair that has a larger diameter compared to fine or medium hair. This type of hair usually requires more processing time because it is thicker and more resistant to chemical treatments or styling. The larger diameter also makes coarse hair more prone to frizz and can be harder to manage. Therefore, coarse hair texture is the correct answer for the given question.
47.
The technical term for gray hair is:
Correct Answer
B. Canities
Explanation
Canities is the correct technical term for gray hair. It refers to the natural graying of hair due to the loss of pigment melanin. As people age, the production of melanin decreases, causing the hair to lose its color and turn gray. This term is commonly used in medical and scientific contexts to describe the phenomenon of gray hair. "Acquired" refers to something that is gained or developed, "albino" refers to a person or animal with a congenital absence of pigment, and "ringed" does not relate to gray hair.
48.
Current research confirms that dandruff is the result of a fungus called:
Correct Answer
D. Malassezia
Explanation
Dandruff is caused by the fungus Malassezia, a naturally occurring microorganism on the scalp. Overgrowth of this fungus leads to scalp irritation, shedding of dead skin cells at an increased rate, and consequently, the appearance of dandruff. Treatment often involves antifungal shampoos to control the fungus and reduce symptoms.
49.
Tinea is characterized by itching scales and sometimes painful circular lesions and is caused by:
Correct Answer
D. Fungal organisms
Explanation
Tinea, commonly known as ringworm, is a fungal infection characterized by itching, scaling, and circular lesions on the skin. It is caused by various fungal organisms, including dermatophytes. These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments and can infect the skin, scalp, nails, and other body parts, leading to characteristic symptoms.
50.
A carbuncle is an inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by:
Correct Answer
A. StapHylococci
Explanation
A carbuncle is an inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, typically characterized by a cluster of boils. Staphylococci are responsible for causing this condition. Staphylococci are bacteria that commonly reside on the skin and can enter the body through a cut or wound, leading to an infection. The bacteria multiply and cause inflammation, resulting in the formation of a carbuncle. Mites, nits, and headlice are not associated with causing carbuncles.