1.
Under-processing is caused by
Correct Answer
A. Insufficient processing time
Explanation
Insufficient processing time refers to not allowing enough time for the waving lotion to work on the hair. This can result in under-processing, meaning the hair does not achieve the desired level of curl or wave. Insufficient processing time can occur if the stylist rushes through the process or does not follow the recommended time guidelines. It is important to give the waving lotion enough time to fully penetrate and process the hair for optimal results.
2.
Which of the following guidelines is true if your client has a round facial shape?
Correct Answer
A. Add height at the crown
Explanation
If a client has a round facial shape, adding height at the crown can help create the illusion of a longer and more balanced face shape. This technique can help to elongate the face and make it appear less round. By adding height at the crown, it creates a vertical line that counteracts the roundness of the face, resulting in a more flattering and balanced appearance.
3.
A client as a level 7 red-orange brassy looking hair. What is the best choice for neutralizing this color?
Correct Answer
C. Level 6 blue-green
Explanation
The best choice for neutralizing a level 7 red-orange brassy hair color would be level 6 blue-green. Blue-green tones are opposite to red-orange on the color wheel, so applying a blue-green color will help to cancel out the unwanted brassy tones and create a more neutral and balanced hair color.
4.
Do NOT give a permanent wave if what exists?
Correct Answer
C. Scalp abrasions
Explanation
Performing a permanent wave on hair with scalp abrasions can cause further irritation and damage to the scalp. The chemicals used in the permanent wave process can be harsh and may exacerbate the abrasions, leading to discomfort and potential infection. It is important to wait until the scalp abrasions have healed before proceeding with any chemical treatments to ensure the safety and well-being of the client.
5.
The chemical often required in addition to the chemical relaxer is
Correct Answer
D. Stabilizer
Explanation
Stabilizer = neutralizer
6.
Which of the following is considered a cool color?
Correct Answer
A. Blue
Explanation
Blue is considered a cool color because it is often associated with calmness, tranquility, and a sense of peace. Cool colors are typically found on the blue and green side of the color spectrum and are known to have a soothing effect on the viewer. Blue is often used to create a sense of serenity and is commonly used in spaces where relaxation is desired, such as bedrooms or spas.
7.
You should apply waving lotion to the
Correct Answer
B. Top and bottom of each rod
Explanation
To achieve the desired result, it is necessary to apply waving lotion to both the top and bottom of each rod. This ensures that the entire section of hair is evenly coated with the lotion, allowing for a consistent wave pattern throughout. Applying the lotion only to the top of the rod may result in an uneven distribution and potentially uneven waves.
8.
Which statement about hair lightening is CORRECT?
Correct Answer
A. Very dark hair may be damaged by extreme lightening
Explanation
Very dark hair may be damaged by extreme lightening because the process of lightening the hair involves stripping away the natural pigment in the hair strands. The darker the hair, the more pigment needs to be removed, which can cause more damage to the hair. Extreme lightening treatments can weaken the hair, making it more prone to breakage and damage. It is important to use caution when lightening very dark hair to minimize the risk of damage.
9.
Which bonds are individually very weak?
Correct Answer
D. Both A and B
Explanation
Both hydrogen bonds and salt bonds are individually very weak. Hydrogen bonds occur when a hydrogen atom is attracted to an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. These bonds are weaker than covalent or ionic bonds. Salt bonds, also known as ionic bonds, occur when oppositely charged ions attract each other. These bonds are also relatively weak compared to covalent bonds. Therefore, both A (hydrogen) and B (salt) bonds are individually very weak.
10.
The relaxer cream is applied near the scalp last because processing is accelerated in this area by
Correct Answer
C. Body heat
Explanation
The relaxer cream is applied near the scalp last because body heat accelerates the processing of the cream in this area. The heat generated by the scalp helps to activate the chemicals in the relaxer cream, allowing it to work effectively on the hair. Applying the cream near the scalp last ensures that it has enough time to process and straighten the hair before rinsing it off.
11.
The haircut with a constant elevation of 90 degrees will result in
Correct Answer
C. Layers that are all the same length
Explanation
A haircut with a constant elevation of 90 degrees means that the hair is cut straight across at a 90-degree angle from the head. This technique creates layers that are all the same length because the hair is cut evenly without any graduation or tapering. Therefore, the answer is layers that are all the same length.
12.
Nail polish should be applied
Correct Answer
B. Using light, sweeping strokes
Explanation
The correct answer is "using light, sweeping strokes." When applying nail polish, it is recommended to use light, sweeping strokes. This technique helps to evenly distribute the polish and prevent streaks or clumps. It also allows for better control and precision during application. Applying polish in this manner ensures a smooth and flawless finish, enhancing the overall appearance of the nails.
13.
Hot oil manicures are partially effective on
Correct Answer
C. Brittle nails
Explanation
Hot oil manicures are a treatment where the nails are soaked in warm oil to moisturize and strengthen them. This treatment is particularly effective for brittle nails. Brittle nails are often dry and prone to breakage, and the hot oil helps to hydrate and nourish them, making them less likely to split or break. Therefore, hot oil manicures can be a beneficial treatment for individuals with brittle nails.
14.
After rinsing the waving lotion from the hair, you should
Correct Answer
D. Blot off excess water
Explanation
After rinsing the waving lotion from the hair, it is important to blot off excess water. This step helps to remove any remaining product and prevent dilution of the neutralizer, which is the next step in the process. Blotting off excess water ensures that the neutralizer can effectively set the hair's new shape and prevent any further chemical reaction. Once the excess water is removed, the neutralizer can be applied, followed by blow drying the hair and setting and styling it.
15.
Your client will most likely accept suggestions about hair color services when you
Correct Answer
B. Base your suggestions on the client's needs and lifestyle
Explanation
When suggesting hair color services to a client, it is important to base the suggestions on their needs and lifestyle. This approach ensures that the client's preferences, hair type, and daily routine are taken into consideration, resulting in a hair color that suits them best. Explaining the prices of services, the chemistry of hair coloring, or showing color photos of movie stars may not necessarily address the client's specific requirements and may not be as effective in gaining their acceptance.
16.
A client requests a style with no laters, but angled toward her face. Which elevation would you use?
Correct Answer
D. 0 degrees
Explanation
When the client requests a style with no layers but angled toward her face, the elevation to use would be 0 degrees. This means that the hair will be cut straight across without any angling or graduation. By using 0 degrees elevation, the stylist can achieve the desired look of no layers while still creating an angled shape towards the client's face.
17.
Sebaceous glands are NOT found in which of the following areas of the skin
Correct Answer
C. Palms
Explanation
Sebaceous glands are responsible for producing sebum, an oily substance that moisturizes and protects the skin. These glands are found all over the body, except in areas where there are no hair follicles, such as the palms of the hands. Since the palms do not have sebaceous glands, they do not produce sebum and are therefore not included in the areas where these glands are found.
18.
When you chemically relax a client's hair with a "no base" relaxer, you should always
Correct Answer
B. Apply a protective cream to the hairline and ears
Explanation
When chemically relaxing a client's hair with a "no base" relaxer, it is important to apply a protective cream to the hairline and ears. This is because the relaxer can be harsh on the skin and cause irritation or burns. By applying a protective cream to these areas, it creates a barrier between the relaxer and the skin, preventing any potential damage. Additionally, the hairline and ears are more sensitive and delicate, so they require extra protection during the relaxing process.
19.
Which is an INCORRECT statement about head lice?
Correct Answer
B. Lice can be treated safely in the salon
20.
Which layer of the skin contains the melanocytes that give skin its color?
Correct Answer
C. Stratum germivatium layer
Explanation
The stratum germivatium layer is the correct answer because it is the deepest layer of the epidermis where melanocytes are located. Melanocytes produce melanin, the pigment responsible for giving color to the skin. The other options, dermis, reticular layer, and subcutaneous layer, do not contain melanocytes and are not involved in the production of skin color.
21.
What is the pH range of a sodium hydroxide relaxer?
Correct Answer
D. 12 to 14
Explanation
Sodium hydroxide relaxers have a high pH level, typically ranging from 12 to 14. This high pH helps to break down the protein bonds in the hair, allowing for the restructuring of the hair's shape. The alkalinity of sodium hydroxide relaxers makes them effective in straightening curly or textured hair.
22.
Grasping a single strand of hair securely in one hand and then sliding the thumb and forefinger of the other hand down the strand toward the scalp is used to test the hair for
Correct Answer
D. Porosity
Explanation
The given action of grasping a single strand of hair and sliding the thumb and forefinger down the strand towards the scalp is used to test the hair for porosity. Porosity refers to the hair's ability to absorb and retain moisture. By performing this test, one can determine if the hair is porous, meaning it easily absorbs moisture, or if it is less porous and therefore less likely to absorb moisture.
23.
The pH scale is a unit of measurement that indicates whether a substance is
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
The pH scale is a measurement scale that ranges from 0 to 14 and indicates the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. A pH value below 7 indicates acidity, a pH value of 7 indicates neutrality, and a pH value above 7 indicates alkalinity. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" because the pH scale can indicate whether a substance is acidic, alkaline, or neutral depending on its pH value.
24.
A towel or neck strip is placed under the cape when draping a client:
Correct Answer
C. For sanitary reasons
Explanation
A towel or neck strip is placed under the cape when draping a client for sanitary reasons. This is because it helps to protect the client's skin and clothing from any hair clippings, chemicals, or other products that may come into contact during the hairdressing process. It also helps to maintain cleanliness and hygiene in the salon or barbershop environment.
25.
When retouching a client's hair with a sodium hydroxide relaxer, you should
Correct Answer
D. Relax the new growth only
Explanation
When retouching a client's hair with a sodium hydroxide relaxer, it is recommended to relax the new growth only. This is because sodium hydroxide relaxers are strong and can cause damage to the hair if applied to previously relaxed hair. By focusing only on the new growth, the relaxer can effectively straighten the hair without causing excessive damage to the already relaxed hair. This approach helps to maintain the overall health and integrity of the hair while achieving the desired result.
26.
Trichology is the study of
Correct Answer
C. Hair
Explanation
Trichology is the study of hair. It focuses on the anatomy, physiology, and diseases related to hair. Trichologists examine the structure and growth patterns of hair, as well as the various factors that can affect its health and appearance. They also provide advice and treatment for hair and scalp conditions such as hair loss, dandruff, and scalp infections. By studying trichology, experts can gain a deeper understanding of hair and develop effective solutions for hair-related problems.
27.
Which face shape looks good with almost any hairstyle?
Correct Answer
C. Oval
Explanation
Oval face shape looks good with almost any hairstyle because it has balanced proportions and a versatile structure. It has a slightly wider forehead, high cheekbones, and a narrow chin, making it easy to complement with various hairstyles. Oval faces can pull off short, long, straight, or curly haircuts, as well as different partings and bangs. This face shape allows for experimentation and versatility, making it compatible with a wide range of hairstyles.
28.
What is the cell reproducer of the nail?
Correct Answer
B. Matrix
Explanation
The matrix is the area at the base of the nail where new cells are produced, which then push the older cells forward, causing the nail to grow. This area is responsible for the growth and reproduction of the nail, making it the correct answer. The lunula is the white, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail, which is actually a part of the matrix. The nail bed is the skin beneath the nail, and nerves are not directly involved in the reproduction of the nail.
29.
What happens to each individual hair strand when an aniline derivative (oxidation) tint is mixed with hydrogen peroxide and applied to the hair?
Correct Answer
B. The cortex swells allowing pigment molecules to enter
Explanation
When an aniline derivative (oxidation) tint is mixed with hydrogen peroxide and applied to the hair, the cortex of each individual hair strand swells. This swelling allows the pigment molecules from the tint to enter the hair, resulting in the absorption of color.
30.
In order the raise a client's head so you can shampoo the back of the head, you should
Correct Answer
C. Support the client's head with your hand
Explanation
To shampoo the back of the client's head, it is necessary to support their head with your hand. This ensures that the client's head remains stable and comfortable while you shampoo the back of their head. Asking the client to support their own head may not provide enough stability and could cause discomfort. Asking the client to turn around or asking another stylist to support the client's head are not necessary actions in this situation.
31.
Which of the following problems is due to an over-production of sebum?
Correct Answer
D. Seborrhea
Explanation
Seborrhea is a condition characterized by an overproduction of sebum, which is an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin. This excessive production of sebum can lead to oily skin, clogged pores, and inflammation, resulting in seborrhea. Asteatosis refers to dry skin, anhydrosis is the inability to sweat, and psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that causes red, scaly patches on the skin. Therefore, seborrhea is the correct answer as it specifically relates to an over-production of sebum.
32.
Which is the chemical symbol for hydrogen peroxide?
Correct Answer
B. H2O2
Explanation
Hydrogen peroxide is represented by the chemical symbol H2O2. The symbol H represents hydrogen, and the subscript 2 indicates that there are two hydrogen atoms in the molecule. The symbol O represents oxygen, and the subscript 2 indicates that there are two oxygen atoms in the molecule. Therefore, H2O2 is the correct chemical symbol for hydrogen peroxide.
33.
Another term for thermal waving is
Correct Answer
D. Marcel waving
Explanation
Marcel waving is another term for thermal waving. This technique involves using a heated curling iron to create waves or curls in the hair. It is named after Francois Marcel, a French hairstylist who popularized this method in the early 20th century. Finger waving, roller setting, and dry hairstyling are different techniques or styles used in hairstyling, but they are not synonymous with thermal waving or marcel waving.
34.
Warm toned colors are made primarily of
Correct Answer
B. Reds and yellows
Explanation
Warm toned colors are made primarily of reds and yellows because these colors have longer wavelengths and lower frequencies compared to blues and greens. Reds and yellows evoke a sense of warmth and energy, creating a cozy and inviting atmosphere. When combined, they can create various warm shades such as oranges, browns, and golds. These colors are commonly associated with feelings of comfort, passion, and happiness, making them popular choices for creating a warm and inviting ambiance in interior design or artwork.
35.
Wet hair stretches what percent of its lenggth?
Correct Answer
B. 40 to 50
Explanation
When hair is wet, it becomes more flexible and can stretch to a certain extent. The correct answer is 40 to 50 percent because wet hair can stretch up to 50 percent of its original length before it starts to break. This is why it is important to handle wet hair with care and avoid excessive pulling or stretching, as it can cause damage and breakage.
36.
You should hold both the comb and shears in your dominant hand while
Correct Answer
C. Combing hair
Explanation
This question is confusing -- but "combing hair" is the answer given by the answer key. Why would you be holding shears if you are only combing hair? But, if you are cutting hair, you may transfer the comb to your non-dominant hand? CONFUSING QUESTION!
37.
When giving a soft-curl perm, apply thio until hair on all rods is thoroughly saturated, then
Correct Answer
D. Replace saturated cotton
Explanation
When giving a soft-curl perm, it is important to ensure that the hair on all rods is thoroughly saturated with thio. After this step, the next appropriate action would be to replace the saturated cotton. This is because the cotton helps to absorb any excess thio and prevent it from dripping onto the client's skin or clothes. By replacing the saturated cotton, it ensures that the perm process is controlled and any potential damage or discomfort to the client is minimized.
38.
When giving a soft-curl perm, you should take a test curl frequently in order to ensure
Correct Answer
B. The hair is curling properly but not becoming damaged
Explanation
When giving a soft-curl perm, it is important to take a test curl frequently to ensure that the hair is curling properly but not becoming damaged. This is because the perm solution can cause damage to the hair if left on for too long or if the hair is not able to withstand the chemical process. By taking test curls, the stylist can monitor the progress of the perm and make adjustments as needed to ensure that the hair is achieving the desired curl without causing any damage.
39.
The action of sodium hydroxide relaxer causes the hair to
Correct Answer
A. Soften and swell
Explanation
When sodium hydroxide relaxer is applied to the hair, it causes the hair to soften and swell. This is because sodium hydroxide is a strong alkaline chemical that breaks down the disulfide bonds in the hair, which are responsible for its natural shape and texture. As these bonds are broken, the hair becomes more malleable and easier to manipulate. At the same time, the alkaline nature of sodium hydroxide causes the hair shaft to swell, which further contributes to the softening effect.
40.
On which type of hair should you use and acid-balanced perm?
Correct Answer
B. Highlighted or tinted hair
Explanation
An acid-balanced perm should be used on highlighted or tinted hair because the acid in the perm helps to minimize damage to the hair and preserve the color. Highlighted or tinted hair is typically more fragile and prone to damage, so using an acid-balanced perm can help to protect the hair and maintain the color. Using a regular perm on highlighted or tinted hair could potentially cause the color to fade or become uneven.
41.
Which statement about the use of a razor for haircutting is INCORRECT?
Correct Answer
C. When combing the hair, put the razor down and hold the comb in your dominant hand
Explanation
When combing the hair, it is incorrect to put the razor down and hold the comb in your dominant hand. The correct way is to hold the razor in your dominant hand and the comb in your other hand while combing the hair. This allows for better control and precision while cutting or thinning the hair.
42.
Texturizing is also referred to as
Correct Answer
A. Thinning
Explanation
Texturizing is a technique used in hairstyling to create texture or remove bulk from the hair. Thinning is a common term used to describe this technique. It involves using specialized scissors or razors to strategically remove some of the hair's volume, resulting in a lighter and more textured appearance. This technique is often used to add movement and reduce bulk in thick hair or to create softer, blended layers.
43.
The main active ingredient in an alkaline perm is
Correct Answer
B. Ammonium thioglycolate
Explanation
Ammonium thioglycolate is the main active ingredient in an alkaline perm. It is responsible for breaking the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped into curls or waves. This chemical is commonly used in hair perms because of its ability to penetrate the hair shaft and alter its structure. Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used in hair dyes and bleaches, not perms. Glycerol and potassium bromate are not typically used in hair perming solutions.
44.
Relaxers with ammonium thioglycolate differ from relaxers with sodium hydroxide because thio is
Correct Answer
A. Milder
Explanation
Ammonium thioglycolate is milder compared to sodium hydroxide because it has a lower pH level and is less alkaline. This means that it is less likely to cause damage or irritation to the scalp and hair. It is commonly used in relaxers for individuals with sensitive or damaged hair. Sodium hydroxide, on the other hand, is a stronger chemical that can be harsher on the hair and scalp if not used properly.
45.
Texturizing can
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
Texturizing techniques in hairstyling can achieve multiple effects, including reducing bulk and creating support, creating visual texture, and adding fullness and mobility to the hair. By strategically cutting or styling the hair, texturizing can remove excess weight and create volume and movement. It can also add texture and dimension to the hair, making it visually interesting. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above."
46.
The technical name for the nail is
Correct Answer
A. Onyx
Explanation
The technical name for the nail is "onyx" because onyx refers specifically to the hard, translucent, and protective layer that covers the nail bed. The term onyx is derived from the Greek word "onychos," which means "claw" or "nail." It accurately describes the structure and function of the nail, making it the correct answer.
47.
While shampooing, protect the client's face and ears from water spray with
Correct Answer
A. Your hand
Explanation
While shampooing, it is important to protect the client's face and ears from water spray to ensure their comfort and safety. Using your hand to shield their face and ears is the most immediate and effective method. This allows you to control the direction and intensity of the water spray, ensuring that it does not reach the client's face and ears. Additionally, using your hand provides a personal touch and allows you to easily adjust your position as needed.
48.
The occipital bone forms the back and base of the
Correct Answer
B. Cranium
Explanation
The occipital bone is a bone located at the back and base of the cranium, which is the skull. It forms the lower part of the back of the head and helps protect the brain and spinal cord. Therefore, the correct answer is cranium.
49.
Overgrown cuticles are referred to as
Correct Answer
D. Pterygium
Explanation
Pterygium refers to the condition of overgrown cuticles.
50.
Whichh is the quickest way to lighten hair?
Correct Answer
C. Powder or paste bleach
Explanation
Powder or paste bleach is the quickest way to lighten hair because it contains strong chemicals, such as hydrogen peroxide, that effectively strip the hair of its natural color. When mixed with a developer, the powder or paste bleach creates a powerful lightening agent that can lift the hair color several shades lighter in a short amount of time. Tint remover, oil bleach, and pre-softener are not as effective or fast-acting as powder or paste bleach in lightening hair.